The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas: 1821-1859Texas A&M University Press, 1999 - 192 sivua In 1821, although Spain claimed what is now Texas, American Indian groups occupied it. Less than forty years later, they had been largely displaced, and their subsistence economy, supplemented by raiding and trade, had been replaced by an Anglo-Texan agricultural economy linked to a rapidly expanding and industrializing capitalist system. For the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, the period from 1821 to 1859 was particularly devastating. Once thriving communities, the Karankawas survived only as scattered individuals after a small remnant on the banks of the Rio Grande was massacred, and the few remaining Tonkawas had been pushed across the Red River into Indian Territory. Kelly Himmel has written an account of this conquest that gives new understanding of the processes. He explores geopolitical and economic factors, as well as the role of individual and collective human actors and the effects of cultural orientations of the conquered and conquering groups toward each other. Among his findings is the importance of geopolitical location. During the early Spanish period, the coastal Karankawas offered a buffer against French, English, and Anglo-American intrusion into Texas. Later, during the early days of Anglo-American settlement, the Tonkawas provided a barrier against the Wichitas and Comanches. For both groups, when the threat to their European-origin allies ended, so did the alliances. In considering the social construction of the “other,” he describes how early trade patterns predisposed Anglo-Texans to characterize Karankawas as cannibals, while viewing the Tonkawas, for whom much stronger evidence of cannibalism exists, as harmless beggars and petty thieves. Through the detailed analysis of factors such as these, Himmel not only portrays a period in the history of these two peoples that has been largely unstudied, but also offers lucid explanations of the framework of Anglo-Texan conquest. Historians, sociologists, and anthropologists will find new insight and information in this valuable addition to the literature on Texas Indians and Texas history. |
Sisältö
Texas in 1821 Prelude to Conquest | 3 |
The Political Economy of Mexican Texas 182135 Initiation of Conquest | 37 |
The Political Economy of the Republic of Texas 183645 Negotiation of Conquest | 62 |
The Incorporation of Texas into the United States 184659 Consolidation of Conquest | 93 |
Conclusions | 124 |
Sociology and Conquest | 135 |
Methodological Issues | 139 |
Notes | 145 |
Bibliography | 169 |
| 187 | |
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The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 Kelly F. Himmel Esikatselu ei käytettävissä - 2016 |
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Sivu v - People know what they do; they frequently know why they do what they do; but what they don't know is what what they do does (Foucault, quoted in Dreyfus and Rabinow 1982, p.
Sivu xvii - My father's columns and papers are now held at the Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin. In the present volume, his articles appear as originally published, with no substantive changes. Since his editors sometimes were inconsistent in spelling a word such as "programming," I have reconciled these discrepancies.