Peat: Industrial Chemistry and TechnologyElsevier, 2.12.2012 - 298 sivua Peat: Industrial Chemistry and Technology explores the chemistry and chemical technology of peat as a chemical feedstock. The processes that generate peat chemicals, such as solvent extraction and acid hydrolysis, are discussed. Some of the more important implications of peat use for humans and nature are also pointed out. This book describes alternative technologies for each of the major organic components of peat, including solvent extraction of peat bitumens; decolorization and oxidation of peat waxes; acid hydrolysis of unfractionated peat; and coke production. Other chapters discuss chemical characterization and analysis of peat; composition and hydrolysis of peat carbohydrates; composition of peat hydrolysates intended for yeast production; production of organic chemicals by peat hydrolysis; and scale of peat chemical operations. The final chapter examines the ecological and other environmental factors affecting the chemical technology of peat. This monograph will be a useful source of information for chemists, engineers, and managers interested in the industrial potential of peat as a chemical feedstock. |
Sisältö
1 | |
12 | |
Chapter 3 Solvent Extraction of Peat Bitumens | 21 |
Chapter 4 Production of Peat Waxes | 39 |
Chapter 5 Resin Component of Peat Bitumens | 63 |
Composition and Hydrolysis | 75 |
Chapter 7 Acid Hydrolysis of Unfractionated Peat | 94 |
Chapter 8 Composition of Peat Hydrolysates Intended for Yeast Production | 104 |
Chapter 12 Humic Acids and Lignins | 136 |
Chapter 13 Peat Pyrolysis and Coke Production | 168 |
Chapter 14 Distillates and Gases from Peat Pyrolysis | 193 |
Chapter 15 Activated Carbon from Peat | 202 |
Chapter 16 Chemical Methods of Peat Analysis | 206 |
Chapter 17 Scale of Peat Chemical Operations | 234 |
Chapter 18 Technological Perspectives for Peat Chemicals | 241 |
Chapter 19 Ecological and Other Environmental Factors Affecting the Chemical Technology of Peat | 244 |
Chapter 9 Production of Organic Chemicals by Peat Hydrolysis | 112 |
Chapter 10 Cultivation of Yeast on Peat Hydrolysates | 119 |
Chapter 11 Medicinal Products from Peat | 132 |
References | 248 |
265 | |
Muita painoksia - Näytä kaikki
Yleiset termit ja lausekkeet
Ackroyd activated carbon alcohol alkaline amino acids amounts aqueous arabinose Bel’kevich benzene bitumens boiling carbohydrates carboxyl Cawley cellulose chemical components of peat compounds concentration contain decomposed decomposition difficulty dilute dissolved distillation dry peat Ekman esters ethanol ether Evdokimova extraction filtered first fraction fuel furfural gasoline glucose heating hemicelluloses high-moor peats humic acids hydrocarbons hydrochloric acid hydrolysis identified increase industry insoluble Kwiatkowski lignins Lishtvan and Korol low-moor peats melting point mixture monosaccharides montan wax Naucke nitrogen obtained operation oxidation oxygen paraffin peat bitumens peat coke peat humic acids peat hydrolysate peat wax pectins pentoses petroleum phenols plant polysaccharides present procedure production protein purified pyrolysis reaction Reactor reducing substances Reilly removed residue resins saponification semi-coke significant sodium hydroxide solids soluble solution solvent Soviet Union sphagnum sphagnum peat steroids sugars sulfuric acid Sundgren TABLE temperature tion treatment uronic acids water-soluble Wielandt xylose yeast yield