The Lung-Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure, and FunctionSpringer Science & Business Media, 22.9.2005 - 210 sivua In biology, few organs have been as elusive as the lung-air sac system of birds. Considerable progress has recently been made to fill the gaps in the knowledge. While summarizing and building on earlier observations and ideas, this book provides cutting-edge details on the development, structure, function, and the evolutionary design of the avian respiratory system. Outlining the mechanisms and principles through which biological complexity and functional novelty have been crafted in a unique gas exchanger, this account will provoke further inquiries on the many still uncertain issues. The specific goal here was to highlight the uniqueness of the design of the avian respiratory system and the factors that obligated it. |
Sisältö
Flight | 1 |
Flight Speed and Endurance | 9 |
Flight at High Altitude | 10 |
Development | 13 |
Bronchial Airway System | 15 |
Air Sacs | 34 |
Pulmonary Vasculature | 35 |
Hematogenesis | 36 |
Cytoarchitecture of the Wall of Air Sacs | 99 |
Paleopulmo and Neopulmo | 100 |
Pulmonary Vasculature | 101 |
Arrangement of the Structural Components for Gas Exchange | 104 |
Cellular Defenses of the Lung | 107 |
Control of Air Flow | 116 |
Quantitative Morphology Morphometry | 125 |
Volume of the Lung | 128 |
Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis | 45 |
BloodGas Barrier BGB | 48 |
Molecular and Genetic Aspects in Lung Development | 53 |
Fibroblast Growth Factors FGFs | 55 |
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF | 59 |
Wnt Genes and Signaling | 61 |
Qualitative Morphology | 65 |
Lung | 66 |
Airway Bronchial System | 73 |
Secondary Bronchi | 75 |
Parabronchi Tertiary Bronchi | 78 |
Atria Infundubulae and Air Capillaries | 82 |
BloodGas Barrier | 95 |
Air Sacs | 96 |
Ostia | 98 |
Respiratory Surface Area | 145 |
Thickness of the BloodGas Barrier | 149 |
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume | 151 |
Modeling a Gas Exchanger Integrative Morphometry | 153 |
Modeling the Avian Lung | 154 |
Pros and Cons of Pulmonary Modeling | 157 |
Comparative Respiratory Morphology | 159 |
Comparison of the Structure of the Avian Respiratory System with Those of Some Other Animals | 161 |
Amphibian Lung | 164 |
Reptilian Lung | 165 |
Insectan Tracheal System | 168 |
Conclusions | 173 |
| 175 | |
| 203 | |
Muita painoksia - Näytä kaikki
The Lung-Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure, and Function John N. Maina Rajoitettu esikatselu - 2006 |
The Lung-Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure, and Function John N. Maina Esikatselu ei käytettävissä - 2010 |
The Lung-Air Sac System of Birds: Development, Structure, and Function John Maina Esikatselu ei käytettävissä - 2009 |
Yleiset termit ja lausekkeet
Abdalla AC AC AC AC AC AC BC air capillaries AC air flow air sacs airway angioblasts angiogenesis arrowheads artery atria avian lung avian respiratory system bats BC AC birds blood vessels blood-gas barrier body mass caudal cells Ec cm³ diffusing capacity DO₂ domestic fowl Duncker e.g. Maina embryonic endothelial cells epithelial cells epithelium EPPB erythrocytes exchange tissue fibroblast growth flight functional GALLIFORMES Gallus gallus Gallus gallus variant gallus variant domesticus gas exchange gene giving rise growth factor hummingbird infundibulae interparabronchial IPPB Larus lumina lung bud lung e.g. lung Fig macrophages Maina and King Maina and Nathaniel mammalian lung mammals MDSB mesenchymal cells metabolic morphogenesis morphology muscle MVSB Nathaniel 2001 nonflying mammals NPPR O₂ occur ostrich PASSERIFORMES PPPR primary bronchus pulmonary respiratory surface respiratory system Scale bars species structural surface area trachea vascular vasculogenesis VEGF ventilation vertebrate Weibel
Suositut otteet
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