Table 1.--Cereal breakfast foods: U.S. production, imports for consumption, exports of domestic merchandise, and apparent consumption, 1963-68 : : 489,106 : 258 : 5,724 : 608,460 : 320 : 6,555 : 651,903 : 860 : 2,010 : 690,822 : 792 : 3,229 : : 1,207 : 4,753 : : 875 : 4,791 : : Estimated by the staff of the U.S. Tariff Commission. Not meaningful. Not available. Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce, except as noted. December 1969 CEREAL BREAKFAST FOODS Table 2.--Cereal breakfast foods: U.S. exports of domestic merchandise, by principal markets, 1963-68 Brazil-----------: West Germany-----: All other-----. 2: 19: 8,098 : 8,967: 17,569 : 5,159: 5,379: 8,464 : Total--------: 96,849: 73,571 : 10,133: 26,313: 41,151 : 47,338 Value (1,000 dollars) 391 : 473: 1,625: 535 1,532: 4,044 : 3,862 : 2,385 1,213 : 5,788 16,012 : 2,822 100 : 66: 679: 297 Source: Compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce. December 1969 Note.--For the statutory description, see the Tariff Schedules of the United States Annotated (TSUSA-1969). U.S. trade position The United States is the world's largest producer and exporter of chewing gum; imports have been equivalent to less than 1 percent of domestic production. Description and uses Chewing gum," although not strictly a confection, is usually displayed in retail stores with candy. Generally, it consists of 60 percent sugar, 20 percent gum base, 19 percent corn syrup, and 1 percent flavoring. Since World War II, synthetic gum bases have largely replaced chicle as the basic ingredient in chewing gum. Recently, sugarless gums (made with artificial sweeteners) have been developed. Medicated chewing gum containing aspirin, laxatives, caffein, and other products is classifiable under appropriate provisions of the TSUS depending on the ingredients contained therein. U.S. tariff treatment The column 1 (or trade agreement) rates of duty applicable to imports (see general headnote 3 in the TSUSA-1969) are as follows: The tabulation above shows the column 1 rate of duty in effect prior to January 1, 1968, and modifications therein as a result of concessions granted by the United States in the sixth round of trade negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). December 1969 Only the second and final (fifth) stages of the annual rate modifications are shown above (see the TSUSA-1969 for the other stages). The prior rate of 10 percent ad valorem was derived from the GATT rate applicable to "other" manufactured articles not specially provided. for, under paragraph 1558 of the Tariff Act of 1930, which rate became effective originally on June 6, 1951. Imported chewing gum had been classified as a nonenumerated manufactured article, edible, dutiable at 20 percent ad valorem under paragraph 1558 prior to September 1959 when the U.S. Customs Court held that gum was not edible (C.D. 2117). Imported chewing gum in chief value of sugar is subject to an additional duty of 0.53 cents per pound on the total sugar content (item 901.00, appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States). U.S. consumption, production, and domestic producers The United States is the world's largest producer and consumer of chewing gum. Virtually all of the domestic consumption is supplied by U.S. producers. The following tabulation shows U.S. shipments 1/ of chewing gum for 1963-67, as compiled from official statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce: In the period 1963-66, the value of producers' shipments of chewing gum rose by 34 percent. In 1963, 16 of the 24 domestic producers were located in the Northeastern and the North Central States; New York, with 7 of them, was the principal producing State. Three manufacturers supply about two-thirds of the domestic output. The sale of chewing gum has provided the major source of income for most concerns; in 1963, chewing gum accounted for about 85 percent of the value of producers' shipments. 1/ U.S. shipments by producers are a reliable indication of domestic |