1879 14,748,675 14,687,837 2,194,245 2,609,731 1880 13,849,127 14,264,490 2,464,274 2,906,768 1881 13,686,491 13,533,259 2,543,745 3,070,128 1882 12,161,570 12,494,664 2,597,976 3,212,434 1883 12,396,577 12,222,234 2,776,556 3,426,606 1884 12,402,365 12,318,218 2,946,801 3,510,566 1885 12,650,863 12,611,207 2,955,159 8,561,192 1886 12.682,548 13,013,067 3,197,673 3,293,481 1887 13,441,688 13,313,038 3,371,087 4,142,357 1888 15,468,812 14,630,125 3,707,206 4,453,418 Public Debt, December, 1888, £2,226,053, and Rs. 365,000.* F. R. Saunders, C.M. G., Government Agent, Province. Government Agent, Central Lieut.-Colonel F. C. H. Clarke, R.A., C.M.G., G. S. Williams, Principal Collector of Customs. M. C. Abdul Rahiman Civil Establishment. Governor, &c., His Excellency the Hon. Sir Arthur, Aide-de-Camp, Lieut. A. C. Christopher, Seaforth Colonial Secretary, Sir Edward Noel Walker, Maha Mudaliyar, C. P. Dias Bandaranayaka, Second-Assistant ditto, H. G. Skeen, Rs. 2,100. Assistant ditto, R. A. Brohier, Rs. 4,000. Government Agencies. Government Agent, F. R. Saunders, C.M.G., Rs. Office Assistant, Colombo, H. L. Crawford, Rs. 4,500. NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Government Agent, A. Bailey, Rs. 14,400. Assistant Government Agent, Puttalam, R. Reid, Ditto, ditto, Chilaw, E. T. Noyes, Rs. 7,200. SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Government Agent, P. A. Templer, Rs. 14.400. Ditto, ditto, Mátara, E. M. D. Byrde, Rs. 7,200. EASTERN PROVINCE. Office Assistant, Batticaloa, T. McTwigg, Rs. 4,500. NORTHERN PROVINCE. Government Agent, W. C. Twynam, C.M.G., Rs. 18,000 Office Assistant, Jaffna, H. W. F. C. Brodhurst, Rs. 4,500. CEYLON. Baumgartner, Rs. 7,500. Judicial Establishment. Chief Justice, Sir B. L. Burnside, Rs. 25,000. Kandy, O. W. C. Morgan, Rs. 5,000. Colombo, E. C. Dumbleton, Rs. 3,000. DISTRICT OF COLOMBO AND MIDLAND CIRCUIT. District Judge, Colombo, C. L. Ferdinands, Rs. 14,400. District Judge and Joint Commissioner of Requests, Anuradhapura, R. W. Jevers. Kalutara, H. White, B.A., Rs. 4,500. District Judges, Commissioners of Requests, and Police Galle, G. W. Paterson, Rs. 14,400. Balapitimódara, D. M. Steen, Rs. 4,000. District Judge and Joint Commissioner of Requests District Judges, Commissioners of Requests, and Police Batticaloa, F. J. De Livera, Rs. 9,600. Mannar, A. M. Ashmore. Vavuniya L. F. Lee. Vilan Puttalam, R. Reid. Kulam and Mullaittivu, Commissioners of Requests and Police Magistratesat :— Point Pedro and Chavakachchéri, J. J. Fraser, Kayts, C. W. Catiravalupillai, Rs. 4,000. Chilaw, W. R. B. Sanders, Rs. 4,000. Fiscal, Western Province, J. H. de Saram, Registrar- Ditto, Central Province, H. Nevill, Rs. 7,200. (additional Magistrate), F. H. Collector, E. Elliott (Government Agent). Price. Kalutara, C. F. H. Liesching, Rs. 9,600. Negombo, P. Arunachalam, Rs. 7,200. Badulla, G. A. Baumgartner, Rs. 7,200. Ratnapura, C. M. Lushington, Rs. 7,200. Commissioner of Requests, Colombo, J. W. Gibson, Police Magistrate, Colombo, J. Rs. 7,200. D. Mason, Commissioners of Requests and Police Magistrates at:- Rs. 4,500. Galagedera, A. E. Paranagama, Rs. 4,000. (c) 14 CEYLON. rovl. Engineer, Southern Province, T. Smith, A.M.I.C.E., Rs. 8,000. rorl. Engineer, Western Province, H. J. Deslandes, Rs. 3,000. Provl. Engineer, Uva, C. Prime, M.I.C.E., Rs. 8,000. Prol. Assistant, Northern Province, H. B. Harvey, Provl. Engineer, North Central Provinces, A. Murray, Engineer of the Factory, E. C. Davies, Rs. 5,000. District Engineers: J. Robertson, Rs. 6,000; E. J. H. Christie, Rs. Irrigation Officers:— J. H Dawson and H. Parker, Rs. 7,000 each; Survey Department. Surveyor-General, Lt.-Col. F. C. H. Clarke, R.A., Office Assistant, P. D. Warren, Rs. 6,500. 3rd Ditto, F. H. Grinlinton, Rs. 6,500. 4,500; Registrar-General's Department. Post-Office. Postmaster-General and Director-General of Tele- Assistant to the Postmaster-General, F. W. Vane, Additional Assistant, W. C Macready, Rs. 2,000, Telegraphs. Electrician, E. B. Hurley, Rs. 8,000. Superintendent, G. Simpson, Rs. 4,500. F.R.S., F.L.S., Rs. 7,000. Grain Commissioner, O. A. King, Rs. 14,400. Deputy Conservator, A. F. Belum, Rs. 8,000. Department of Public Instruction. Ditto, W. H. de Alwis, Rs. 4,000. Principal of the Royal College, J. B. Cull, M.A., Rs 1st Principal Assistant, A. Walker, Rs. 4,000. 7,500. Medical Department. of Hospitals, W. R. Kynsey, Rs. 12,000. J. T. Morgan, M.R.C.S., Eng., Rs. 8,000. F. Keyt, Rs. 6,500. J. L. Vanderstraaten, M.D., M.R.C.P., Rs. 6,500. John Attygalle, M.B.C.M., M.R.C.P., Eng., J. D. MacDonald, Rs. 5,000. Prisons. Inspector-General of Prisons, G. W. R. Campbell, Superintendent of the Colombo Convict Establishments, Colonial Store Department. Colonial Storekeeper, W. J. Gorman, Rs. 8,000. J. Watt, Kandy, Rs. 4,500. J. Burnet, St. Andrew's Church, Colombo, S. Lindsay, Wolfendahl Church Colombo, Roman Catholic Church:- Jaffna Diocese, Rt. Rev. Dr. T. A. Melizan, O.M.I., Bishop of Jaffna; Very Rev. L. Mauriot, VicarGeneral. Portuguese Mission, Vicar-General, Colombo. Railway Department. General Manager, W. T. Pearce, Rs. 12,000. Engineer, Way and Works, W. Cantrell, Rs. 6,000. Traffic Superintendent, A. Perman, Rs. 6,000. Locomotive Engineer, A. E. Brown, Rs. 6,000. Storekeeper, D. S. Power, Rs. 5,000. Foreign Consuls. America-W. Morey, Consulat Colombo; E. Aitken, Vice-Consul at Colombo; T. S. Clark, Consular, Agent, Galle; W. N. S. Twynam, Consular Agent at Jaffna. are situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, between 51° and 53° S. lat., and between 57° and 62° W. long.; they consist of the East Falkland (area 3,000 square miles), the West Falkland (2,300 square miles), and about 100 small islands with an area of nearly 1,200 square miles. Mount Adam, the highest ground in the colony, rises 2,315 feet above the level of the sea. South Georgia, a group of islands 541° S., and 36° to 38° W., is a dependency of the Falkland Islands. It was discovered by Antony La Roche in 1675, and was explored and taken possession of by Captain Cook in 1775. It has an area of about The 1,000 square miles, and is uninhabited. German expedition for observing the transit of Venus landed here in August, 1882, and remained until September, 1883. The total area of the colony is about 7,500 square miles. History. The Falklands were discovered by Davis in 1592, and visited by Hawkins in 1594. In 1763 they were taken possession of by France; subsequently, they were held by the Spaniards until 1771, when they were for a time abandoned, and the sovereignty of them given up to Great Britain. In 1820 the Republic of Buenos Ayres established a settlement in these islands, which was destroyed by the Americans in 1831. In 1833 they were taken possession of by the British Government, for the protection of the Whale Fishery. Until 1842 they were under the charge of the Naval officers engaged in making the Admiralty Surveys. In 1842 a civil administration was formed, the headquarters being at Port Louis (or "Anson") until 1844, when it was moved to Port William, now known as Stanley. The Colony received regular grants in aid from 1841 to 1880, and for mail service down to 1884-5, since which date it has been self-supporting. General Description. The only town is Stanley, in the East Falkland, with a population of 725. There is a small hamlet at Darwin. Stanley is a port of registry, and had on 31st Dec., 1888, 7 vessels, of a total tonnage of 688 tons. It has a fine inner and an outer harbour, and forms a convenient interCo-mediate coaling station for vessels going rouud Cape Horn. There are 2 Government schools there, with 119 pupils, and 1 school of the Falkland Islands Company, at Darwin, with 30 pupils. Austro-Hungary E. Aitken, Consul, Colombo; Spain and Portugal-A. A. Delmege, Consul, Galle. Turkey - M. Hussen Lebbe Inaricar, Consul, Colombo; Hadji Ibrahim Didi Ben Hadji Ali Didi, Consul, Galle. Russia-A. Delmege, Consul, Colombo. Spain and Portugal-A. A. Delmege, Vice-Consul at Colombo. The The The climate is healthy. During the summer a calm day is unusual. The winds rise at about 10 a.m., and fall away again between 4 and 5 p.m. In winter the weather is less boisterous than in summer, and the thermometer seldom falls below 30°. The thermometer ranges from 30° to 50° in winter, and from 40° to 65° in summer. average annual rainfall is 28.80 inches. dryness of the atmosphere in summer is remarkable, and evaporation is rapid. The soil is chiefly peat, but near the surface, where the clay is of a lighter quality and mixed with vegetable remains, it is good soil fit for cultivation. Stone of two or three kinds suitable for building is found in different parts of the islands. There is a great variety of sweet-scented flowers, which in November and December nearly cover the ground. The tussac grows to the height of seven feet, with a breadth of three-quarters of an inch, feeding on which the cattle get very fat. On all the small islands along the coast the tussac grass still abounds, but it has disappeared on the East H 2 and West Falkland since cattle have been im- | ported. Anti-scorbutics are very plentiful in a wild state, such as celery, scurvy grass, sorrel, &c., besides a small plant called the tea-plant, known and much used formerly by the sealers and Gauchos. The main industry is sheep farming, and the export of sheep for breeding purposes to South America. Meat has lately been exported to England in refrigerators. There were in 1884 about 2,770 horses, 11,569 horned cattle, 473,227 sheep. and 1,002 goats on the islands, and in 1888, 2,173 horses, 8,169 horned cattle, 582,419 sheep, and 229 goats. The other exports consist of wool, hides. horns, hoofs, bones, and tallow. The imports consist of textiles, alcohol, hardware, and general supplies. Currency and Banking. The legal tender currency is British sterling. There are no private banks in the Colony. A penny savings bank was established in 1885, in connection with the schools, and had, on 31st Dec., 1888. 4817. deposited; and on 1st April, 1888, a Government savings bank of the usual type was established, in which on 31st December, 1888, the deposits were 8,2581., belonging to 52 depositors. The Falkland Islands Company. This company was formed in 1851 to take over from Mr. Lafone, of Monte Video, the district in the East Falkland, now called Lafonia; this district abounded with wild cattle, the capture of which was the company's original object. This however was not found very profitable, and the company have of late years been engaged in sheep farming on an extensive scale, not only on their own freehold at Lafonia, but also on 108,684 acres leased from the Government, the importation of goods of all sorts, and the repairing of ships, many of which call at this port in distress. It is in a very flourishing condition, and has for several years past paid a dividend of fifteen per cent. capital is 100,000l., of which 95,000l. is paid up. The affairs of the company are directed in the islands by Mr. F. E. Cobb, and it maintains a doctor and a school at Darwin. The London office is at 39A, Gracechurch Street, E. C. Means of Communication. Its There is mail communication with England twelve times a year. The German "Kosmos" Steamship Company steamers call at Stanley on their voyage out to Callao six times a year, and six times on the return voyage. The voyage between Stanley and Dartmouth occupies five weeks. Mails for the Falkland Islands are also carried by the Pacific Company's Steamers, between Liverpool and Punta Arenas, in the Straits of Magellan, whence they are taken by the Kosmos Steamers to the Falkland Islands on their homeward voyage, and from the Falkland Islands to Punta Arenas on the outward voyage. Postage to Europe 4d. per there is no internal post. The nearest point in telegraphic communication with Europe is Monte Video. There is a lighthouse at Cape Pembroke maintained by the Board of Trade at an annual cost of 6001. Constitution. oz.; The Government is administered by a Governor, aided by an Executive and Legislative Council. The Legislative Council is composed of the |