Clerk and Indian Interpreter, J. Lennon, 100l. to 1502 Clerk and Creole Interpreter, G. Cauvin, 1002. Lower Tugela Division, W. D. Wheelwright 4501. Clerk and Zulu Interpreter, E. C. Leech, 2007. to 3001. Clerk, A. C. Bacon, 1007. to 150%. Clerk and Indian Interpreter, M. J. Williams, 1007. Umvoti County, J. E. Fannin, 4507. Immigration. Assistant Protector, J. A. Polkinghorne, 2501. Clerk and Hindustani Intrepreter, C. W. Burton- Secretary and Manager, Land and Immigration Boar !, Clerk and Zulu Interpreter, H. J. Colen- Commissioner of Mines, Captain G. T. Nicholls, brander, 150l. to 2007. Clerk, D. Adamson, 100l. to 150l. Weenen County, P. Paterson, 450%. Clerk and Zulu Interpreter, J. J. Jackson, 150l. to 2007. Clerk, J. W. F. Biggs, 100l. to 1507. Umsinga Division, H. F. Fynn, 3501. Clerk and Zulu Interpreter, F. P. Shuter, 125/. to 1751. Clerk, P. B. Goble, 125l. to 175l. Alexandra County, Jas. McLaurin, 5501. Clerk and Zulu Interpreter, A. J. S. Maritz, 1507. to 2007. Clerk and Indian Interpreter, J. B. Stevens, 1007. to 150Z. Alfred County, J. O. Jackson, 4007. Clerk and Interpreter, R. E. Dunn, 150l. to 2007. Upper Umkomanzi Division, Major J. Giles, 550 Clerk and Interpreter, P. W. Shepstone, 150l. Izopo Division, J. C. C. Chadwick, 4501. Clerk and Interpreter, R. H. Beachcroft, 150/. to 2007. Clerk, F. H. Addison, 100%. to 150. Ipolela, C. B. Boast, 4007. Clerk, F. A. Gilson, 100l. to 1507. Administrator of Native Law, Pagade's Location, Administrator of Native Law and Border Agent, late R.E., 5007. Clerk to Commissioner, T. Gutridge (acting), 1004 to 1501. Medical Department. Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg: Manager, H. Hancock, 150/. Lunatic Asylum, Pietermaritzburg: Medical Superintendent, Dr. J. Hyslop, 500l. Steward and Keeper, J. Smithwick, 2007. Matron, Miss Schäffer, 801. Hospital, Durban: Superintendent, C. S. Way, 150l. City of Pietermaritzburg, Dr. C. Ward, 2007. Newcastle, Dr. J. M. Ormond, 1007. Inanda, Dr. R. T. Sutherland, 1007. Lower Tugela, Dr. H. W. Jones, 1007. County of Umvoti, Dr. H. E. Wright, 1007. Weenen, Dr. J. B. Brewitt, 1007. Alexandra, Dr. J. Stewart, 1007. Alfred, Dr. J. Holding, 1007. Division of Umsinga, Dr. J. Nembula, 1007. Upper Cinkomanzi, Dr. A. Carte, 1007. Ixopo, Dr. Booth, 1007. Portugal, E. B. de Castro, Consul. Austria-Hungary, E. Münder, Vice-Consul. NEWFOUNDLAND. (See Map, page 52.) Situation and Area. Newfoundland is an island situated between 46° 37′ and 51° 39' N. lat., and 52° 35′ and 59° 25′ W. long., on the north-east side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; the greatest length from north to south is 350 miles, and average breadth about 130; its estimated area is 40,200 square miles. Labrador. The coast of Labrador, from Cape Chidley (Hudson's Strait) to Anse Sablon (Strait of Belle Isle), including the basin of the Hamilton, is, under Letters Patent of 28th March, 1876, included in the colony, the remainder of the Labrador peninsula forming part of Quebec and the NorthWest Territories of the Canadian Dominion. The area is about 120,000 square miles, with a coast line of some 600 miles, but the country is of the bleakest, and possesses only about 5,000 permanent inhabitants (some 1,700 Eskimo, the remainder of British descent), occupied in the fisheries and in trapping. The population is greatly increased in summer by fishermen and sportsmen, over 1,000 vessels being employed Battle Harbour (Strait of Belle Isle) is the chief port, the other villages being the Moravian Mission stations (commenced 1770) at Hopedale, Nain, Okkak, and Hebron. The customs duties are those of Newfoundland. Labrador, discovered by the Norsemen and (in 1497) by Cabot, was early frequented by Basque, and subsequent by Breton fishermen, and becaine British on the conquest of Canada (1759). In 1763 the Atlantic coast was annexed to Newfoundland, but was temporarily re-annexed to Quebec from 1773 to 1809. The first judicial court was established in 1824; it was revived in 1863, but has been discontinued for some years past. The collector of customs, who visits Labrador every summer in a revenue cruiser, is a J.P.; no other administration exists, History, The island was discovered by John Cabot in 1497; it was as early as 1500 frequented by the Portuguese, Spanish, and French, for its fisheries, Sir Walter Raleigh and others, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, attempted to colonize this island, but were not successful. In 1623, Sir G, Calvert, afterwards Lord Baltimore, established himself in the south-east part of the island, and appointed his son Governor. In 1634, a party of colonists were sent over from Ireland, and 20 years after, some English colonists arrived, having emigrated by means of a Parliamentary grant. The French, about 1620, established a station at Placentia; and for many years the French and English settlers were constantly annoying each other. At the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, subse quently ratified by the Treaty of Paris, the excu sive sovereignty of Newfoundland was acknowledged to belong to Great Britain, certain rights being granted to French fishermen, which are still in question between the two nations. The French possess the small islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, and the district is resorted to annually by a French fishing fleet from St. Malo. They claim the exclusive right to fish along certain portions of the coast from Cape John to Cape Ray, upon which they are allowed temporary structures for drying the fish. The exact extent of this right is in dispute, and there are other questions at issue as to magisterial jurisdiction, mines, harbours, and river fisheries. A proposal for the settlement of all the questions was agreed to in 1885 by commissioners representing France and England, but was rejected by Newfoundland. Industries. The industries of the island-fishing, agricultural, and mining-are mainly confined to the sea coast. Copper is largely worked for export, and lead and silver are also found. The climate is milder than that of Canada; the mean temperature at St. John's is 35°, the extreme There is range being from 13° below zero to 85°. an almost total absence of spring, the summer setting in very suddenly in May. The average annual rainfall is 51 inches, evenly distributed throughout the year. Two-thirds of the inhabitants are descended from the British settlers, English being generally spoken; but about onethird belong to the Roman Catholic religion, and a small number of these are of French extraction. The last of the aboriginal inhabitants died out about 1829; they were of the Bethuk tribe. Defence. Education. The cod-fishery is the staple industry, and after this in importance rank the fisheries for seal, salmon, herring, and lobster. Haddock and mackerel are now only taken occasionally. The cod appears off the coast early in June, and the fishery extends north for over 700 miles, including There is no Imperial garrison. the coast of Labrador, the grounds varying in depth from 50 to 360 feet. In 1884 the number of men engaged was 60,419, including the subsidiary industries, with 1,618 vessels, of about 74,623 tons, besides 18,000 boats employed in the shore fisheries. The home consumption is about 270,000 quintals, and the export in 1888 was 953,537 quintals, 30 bank cod going, on an average, to one quintal. The export is mainly to Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. The chief imports are flour, textiles, salt pork, molasses, butter, and salt. These are derived mainly from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Currency and Banking. There are two banks in the Colony, the Union Bank of Newfoundland (capital 114,000l., note circu ation, $548,142), and the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland (capital 76,500., note circulation $393,376): their aggregate deposits in 1887 amounted t3908,666. There is a Government savings bank at St. John's, Harbour Grace, and Heart's Content, with 1,860,969 deposits, and 4,516 depositors. The legal tender currency is British sterling, United States gold and full weight dollars, gold doubloons, Mexican and other dollars, and Colonial coins. Much of the trade is carried on by barter. Accounts are kept in dollars and cents. Means of Communication. There is a railway from St. John's to Harbour Grace, 84 miles in length, constructed and worked by a private company. The total approximate cost of construction was $2,500,000, the receipts in 1886 being 46,772., and the expenses 46,974l. A branch line has been constructed by the Government, connecting with Placentia. About 750 miles of postal and 1,700 miles of district roads are maintained. There are 9943 miles of telegraph open, and cables start for Europe (at Heart's Content) and America (at Placentia). There is a fortnightly mail service (except from January to March) with Liverpool, Halifax, New York, Montreal, and Prince Edward Island. A small The Government system of primary education rests upon the Act of 1887. The central administration is vested in three superintendents, belonging respectively to the Roman Catholic, the Anglican, and the Methodist denominations. The local management is in the hands of appointed boards. There are 517 schools, with 30,744 scholars. The schools are denominational (except Harbour Grace Grammar School), and fees are charged. Grants are also made in aid of secondary schools, but there is no provision for technical education. The total cost of primary education in 1888 was $118,624. Chief Towns. The capital is St. John's, with 28,610 inhabitants. The next port in importance is Harbour Grace, with a population of 7,054; Fogo, with Twillingate, has 4,777: Bona Vista 3,463; and Carbonear 3,756 inhabitants. Constitution. Newfoundland has had a legislature since 1832, but it was the last of the North American Colonies to which responsible Government was conceded; it was established in 1855. The Government is at present administered by a Governor, aided by a responsible Executive Council not to exceed 7. members, in which the Governor presides, a Legislative Council not to exceed 15 members, and a House of Assembly of 36 members, elected by householders who have occupied a dwelling-house as owner or tenant for 1 year immediately preceding the day of election. There are 30,000 (exclusive of Burgeo and La Poile) electors registered on the electoral roll, and 19 districts, or subdivisions of districts, of which 7 return three members, 3 return two members, and 9 return one. There is a property qualification for members, viz., property exceeding 5007, in amount or value, or a net annual income of 1007. The ordinary duration of the Session is about three months, and the Legislature generally meets towards the end of January. Members of the Council and Assembly receive $120 each (President $240), per session, which is provided for annually in a local Act. There are no municipal institutions in the Colony. Dols c Spanish red, Denia, Sicilian, Figueira, red Tariff, Law No. 2 of 1887, No. 1 of 1888, and No. 2 Hock, Burgandy, and light Rhenish wines, of 1889 (including Labrador). Bacon, hams, tongues, smoked beef and Beef, pigsheads, feet and hocks (salted and All other bread and biscuit, 20 per cent. ad valorem. 0 40 the gallon Malaga and Montilla, costing at port of 085 1 10 All other wines 124 p. ct. ad val., and gal. 0 90 2 50 Potatoes, the bushel 0 20 0 45 1 45 750 2.00 0 05 Turnips, parsnips, carrots, beet, the bushel 0 10 1 00 All other vegetables, 10 p. ct. ad val. Ready-made clothing, viz.: coats, jackets, trousers, waistcoats, and southwesters: mantles, dresses, cloaks and sacks; stockings, shirts, and drawers, the $100 25 00 2 00 Anchors and chain cables, copper and composition metal for ships, viz.: bar, bolt, and sheating nails; bread-bag brin or bagging, canvas and sail cloth for ships' use; cordage, viz.: rope and hemp coir and Manilla cables; corks and corkwood, hoop-iron, fishing tackle, iron of all kinds, in bars, bolts, sheets, plates and pieces; machinery and parts of machinery; steam engines and boilers, propellers, water wheels, and saws; nails (wrought), oakum, pitch, tar, resin, raw turpentine, oranges, lemons, grapes, nuts, limes, and olives, sheet tin, solder, block tin, worsted and woollen yarn of all kinds, the $100 5 75 1 40 Cigars, 10 per cent. ad valorem, and the M 4 00 0 07 10 00 15 00 50 Bran, barley, maize, malt, rice, mast spars, medicines, and undressed staves, the $100 12 50 5 50 0 07 1 0 25 0 02 2 50 4 00 0 30 0 03 Cabinet wares, candles, carriages, wagons, 25 00 20 00 Agricultural implements and machinery, imported by agricultural societies for the promotion of agriculture; arms, clothing, and provisions for Her Majesty's land and sea forces; articles inported for religious purposes; paintings and statuary not intended for sale; articles of every description imported for the use of the Governor; articles for the official use of foreign consuls; bait, bark for tanning leather, boiler plate; coals, when not imported or brought into the port of St. John's, Harbour Grace, or Carbonear; coin and bullion; cotton yarn, cotton (raw); corn for the manufac ture of brooms; crushing mills for mining pur. poses; donations of clothing, specially imported for distribution gratuitously by any charitable NEWFOUNDLAND. In 1763 the population was 13,122, and in 1837 75,000; the estimate total at the end of 1888 being 200,000. Year. 1879 2,180,703 2,607,265 From U.K. IMPORTS. $ $ 210,208 4,998,176 2.595,892 1,975,607 2,394,744 6,966,243 6,863,708 1882 3,398.400 2,510,917 2,440,905 8,350,222 1883 3,254,942 2.752,487 3,124 035 9,131,464 1884 3,084,12 2,528,686 2,462,974 8,075,792 1885 6,698,500 6 020,035 1881 1886 society; dyestuffs: oysters in shell, British caught fish, and oil; fresh fruit, unenumerated; patent gas engines; hemp, flax, and tow; hides, or pieces of hides, not tanned, curried or dressed; junk, old iron, old copper and composition metal; unmanufactured wool; manures of all kinds; materials for sheathing the bottoms of vessels, such as zinc, copper and composition metal, together with nails and paper, or felt, which may be used for or under such sheathing; music, written or printed; passengers' baggage; household furniture and working tools and implements used and in the use of persons arriving in the colony; ores for copper paint philosophical instruments and apparatus, including globes, when imported for the use of colleges, scientific or literary societies; pig iron, 1887 plants, trees and shrubs; printing presses, printing paper, printing types, and all other printing materials; printed books, pamphlets, maps and charts; refuse, rice, sand, seeds for agricultural societies; specimens illustrative of natural history; sulphuric acid, when used for the manufacture of manure; twines to be used in manufacturing nets in this colony; wheat; works of art, viz.: engravings, paintings and statuary, not intended for sale; ploughs, harrows, reaping, raking, mowing, ploughing and seed-sowing machines, to be used in this colony; articles imported for the use of the St. John's Municipal Council. The following additional duties were imposed on the goods, wares and merchandise hereinafter mentioned, imported from countries the fishermen of which have the privilege of taking fish on all parts of the coasts of Newfoundland and its de pendencies, and in which countries duties are or shall hereafter be levied upon fish and the produce of the fisheries exported from the colony and its dependencies to such countries, the following duties, viz. :— 2,185,338 2,351,438 2,161,724 EXPORTS. 5,397,408 To U.K. Total. $ 2,067,636 650,188 1,499,891 4,217,715 1,756,986 804,312 3,074,499 5,635,797 1881 2,270,914 942,797 4,605,169 8,980,583 1882 1,698,337 805,993 4,496,892 7,001,222 1883 1,658,238 1,025,124 4,375,376 6,817,685 1884 1,548,368 919,233 4,099,534 6,567,135 1885 1,226,660 673,597 2,826,351 4,726,608 1886 1,212,715 536,390 3,113,846 4,862,751 1887 1,081,962 709,672 3,362,253 5,153,887 1888 1,607,007 998,614 3,976,392 6,582,013 Public Debt, $3,335,589. 1864 Anthony Musgrave. 1869 Colonel Sir Stephen J. Hill, K.C.M.G., C.B. 1881 Sir F. B. T. Carter, K.C.M.G., Administrator. 1885 Sir F. B. T. Carter, K.C.M.G., Administrator. Executive Council. Governor. The Hon. Sir W. V. Whiteway, K.C.M.G., Premier, and Attorney-General. Robert Bond, Colonial Secretary. Richard O'Dwyer, Receiver-General. Henry Woods, Surveyor-General. Augustus Harvey and Edward P. Morris (without portfolio). Governors previous to 1800 will be found in the Edition for 1889, |