RussiaPar.[etc.]Cassell & Company, 1886 - 638 sivua |
Muita painoksia - Näytä kaikki
Yleiset termit ja lausekkeet
according administration adopted affairs agricultural aouls arable land authority autocratic Bashkirs called Catherine II character CHIG Christian Church Circassian civil classes clergy conceptions condition consequently considerable Cossacks Court Crimean War desire ecclesiastical educated Emancipation Emperor estates existing fact Feldsher Finnish foreign German Government idea Imperial influence institutions Ivan Ivan'itch kind labour landed proprietors less live matter means merchants merely military moral Moscow Muscovy naturally neighbours never Nicholas nobles Noblesse Novgorod official once opinion ordinary Orthodox peasantry peasants peculiar perhaps Petersburg political population position possessed practical present priest Prince principles provinces question received reforms regard religious Rurik Russian peasant serfage serfs simple Slavophils Slavs social soon spirit stanitsas supposed tarantass Tartar tion towns Tsar ukazes UNIV UNIV usufruct village Volost Western Europe whilst whole word Zemstvo
Suositut otteet
Sivu 576 - Remember, that for the wisest and most evident reasons, the merciful maxim of the law, which says that it is better that ninety-nine guilty men should escape, than that one innocent man should be punished...
Sivu 126 - the great stronghold of Caesarian despotism and centralized bureaucracy," these Village Communes, containing about five-sixths of the population, are capital specimens of representative Constitutional government of the extreme democratic type! When I say that the rural Commune is a good specimen of Constitutional government, I use the phrase in the English, and not in the continental sense. In the continental...
Sivu 130 - It fixes the time for making the hay, and the day for commencing the plowing of the fallow field; it decrees what measures shall be employed against those who do not punctually pay their taxes; it decides whether a new member shall be admitted into the Commune, and whether an old member shall be allowed to change his domicile; it gives or withholds permission to erect new buildings on the Communal land; it prepares and signs all contracts which the Commune makes with one of its own members or with...
Sivu 92 - In the time of serfage the proprietors clearly perceived these and similar advantages, and compelled their serfs to live together in large families. No family could be broken up without the proprietor's consent, and this consent was not easily obtained unless the family had assumed quite abnormal proportions, and was permanently disturbed by domestic dissension. In the matrimonial affairs of the serfs, too, the majority of the proprietors systematically exercised a certain supervision, not necessarily...
Sivu 362 - In some stanitsas the richer families appropriated enormous quantities of the common land by using several teams of oxen, or by hiring peasants in the nearest villages to come and plough for them; and instead of abandoning the land after raising two or three crops they retained possession of it, and came to regard it as their private property.
Sivu 89 - ... necessary" in too lax a sense, he had to listen to very plain-spoken reproaches when he returned. During his absence, which might last for a whole year or several years, his wife and children remained in the house as before, and the money which he earned was probably devoted to the payment of the family taxes. The peasant household of the old type is thus a primitive labor association, of which the members have all things in common, and it is not a little remarkable that the peasant conceives...
Sivu 282 - ... social consideration. Such ideas appear to the ordinary Russian noble absurd and ridiculous. Hence there is a certain amount of truth in the oft-repeated saying that there is in reality no aristocracy in Russia. " Certainly the Noblesse as a whole cannot be called an aristocracy. If the term is to be used at all, it must be applied to a group of families which cluster around the Court and form the highest ranks of the Noblesse. This social aristocracy contains many old families, but its real...
Sivu 445 - ... throne is His altar. Trouble not yourselves with public affairs, for I think for you and watch over you every hour. My watchful eye detects internal evils and the machination of foreign enemies; and I have no need of counsel, for God inspires me with wisdom.
Sivu 62 - I mean the strong tendency both in the clergy and in the laity to attribute an inordinate importance to the ceremonial element of religion. Primitive mankind is everywhere and always disposed to regard religion as simply a mass of mysterious rites, which have a secret magical power of averting evil in this world and securing felicity in the next.
Sivu 479 - By law he had the power to impose any dues in labor or money which he might think fit, and in all cases the serfs were ordered to be docile and obedient (1027). Corporal punishment, though restricted by law, he could in reality apply to any extent. Certainly none of the serfs, and very few of the proprietors, were aware that the law placed any restriction on this right. All the proprietors were in the habit of using corporal punishment as they thought proper, and unless a proprietor became notorious...