FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IN M.DCC.LXXXIX. TO THE RESTORATION OF THE BOURBONS IN M.DCCC.XV. BY ARCHIBALD ALISON, F.R.S.E. ADVOCATE. BELLUM maxime omnium memorabile quæ unquam gesta sint me scripturum; BAUDRY'S EUROPEAN LIBRARY, 3, QUAI MALAQUAIS, NEAR THE PONT DES ARTS; SOLD ALSO BY AMYOT, RUE DE LA PAIX; TRUCHY, BOULEVARD DES ITALIENS; 1841. CONTENTS OF VOLUME IX. Statistical Account of Russia-Its Extent, Climate, and Physical Resources-Character of its People and Government-Military and Naval Establishments of the Empire-Military Cossacks and Nomad Tribes-Its Diplomacy, National Religion, Political System of Govern- ment, and Foreign Conquests-Napoléon's Arrival at Paris after the Russian Campaign, and First Measures on coming there-Conspiracy of Mallet-Its Origin, Progress, Early Success, and Overthrow-Arrangement of the Differences of Napoléon with the Pope-Con- cordat of 1813-Statistical Details of France in 1813-Military Strength of the Empire-Its Finances and Commerce, and Effect of the Conscription on the Physical Strength of the Nation-Napoléon's Last Measures for the Approaching Campaign-Seizure of the Proper- ties of the Communities and Public Hospitals for the Treasury.-P. 1—52. Immense Sensation produced in the North of Germany by the Moscow Campaign-Conven- tion of General D'York-Advance of the Russians to Berlin, and Declaration of War by Prussia against France-Negotiations with Austria and the other European Powers-Prepa- rations of Prussia for the War-Opening of the Campaign by Napoléon in Germany-Battle of Lutzen, and Retreat of the Allies to Dresden-Final Adherence of Saxony to Napoléon- Passage of the Elbe, and Advance of the French to Bautzen-Desperate Battle there, and Retreat of the Allies-Armistice of Pleswitz, and Important Partizan Operations in the Political, Moral, and Private Character of Napoléon-Anecdotes of his Political, Moral, and Private Life-Characters of Murat, Ney, and Berthier-Negotiations with Austria, and final Accession of that Power to the Coalition-Preparations of both Parties for the approaching Campaign Plans of the Campaign on the part of the Allies and of the French-Characters of Blucher, Bernadotte, Gneisenau, Schwartzenberg, Metternich-Arrival of Moreau in Eu- rope, and appointment of Schwartzenberg to the Supreme Command.-P. 134–210. Spirit of the French Revolution, and causes of its Overthrow-First operations of Napoléon --Subsequent operations of Napoléon on the Bohemian frontier-Subsequent Retreat from Dresden-Battle of Leipsic, and decisive overthrow of the French-Retreat of Napoléon to the Rhine-Battle of Hannau, and Passage of the Rhine by the French troops-Operations against Dresden, and surrender of St.-Cyr there-Capture of Stettin and Torgau-Siege and Capture of Dantzic-Insurrection in Holland, and retreat of the French into Flanders- Operations of the Austrians against the French in Italy-Retreat of the latter behind the STATE OF THE PENINSULA AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THIS YEAR. Journey of Wellington to Cadiz, and his appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the Spanish Army-Democratic proceedings of the Cortes at Cadiz, and great obstacles which they threw in the way of the prosecution of the Contest-Commencement of the Campaign, and march of the Allied Army to Vittoria-Battle of Vittoria, and total overthrow of the French- Operations in the east of Spain, and Battle of Castalla-Advance of the British troops to the frontiers of France-Arrival of Soult at Bayonne-His irruption into Spain, and Battles in the Pyrenees-Commencement of the Siege, and first Assault of St.-Sebastian-Resumption of the Siege, and final Storming of the place-Battle on the Heights of San Marcial-Passage of the Bidassoa-Uusuccessful Operations in the East of Spain, and raising of the Siege of Taragona-Passage of the Nivelle by Wellington-His decisive measures to arrest plunder- ing, and preserve order in France-Passage of the Nive, and desperate Battles which fol- HISTORY OF EUROPE FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. CHAPTER LXVIII. RUSSIA AND FRANCE AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE FINAL STruggle. ARGUMENT. Slow but Steady Growth of the Russian Empire-Analogy in this respect of the Physical and Moral World-Extent and Statistics of the Russian Empire-Surprizing Variety of Climate and Extent of Latitude in Russia-Luxuriant Riches of the Crimea and Southern Provinces -Capabilities of Russia for future increase-Vast Extent and Capabilities of Asiatic Russia -Future Capabilities of Siberia-Character of the People, and their universal thirst for Conquest-Universal Belief among them that Russia is one day to Conquer the WorldBank depends on Military Employment or the Emperor's Gift-Military Spirit at the Imperial Palace-Its General Adoption through the Empire-Universality of Decorations to all persons in Civil and Military employments-Military force of the Empire-Its Revenues, and Small Cost of the Army-Slavery of the Peasantry-Mode of Levying the TroopsMilitary Colonies-The Cossacks-Their Territory, Character, and Manners-Description of the Urkaine, and the Character of its Inhabitants-Incredible Devastation of the Tartar Tribes in Southern Russia in former times-Origin of the Cossacks among these disastersInfluence of the Victories in Germany and France on the Cossacks-Their Appearance and Manners-Their Mode of Fighting and Habits in War-Naval Forces of Russia-General Disinclination of the Nation to the Navy-Want of Coal in the Empire, and its important Effects-Venality of Justice in the Russian Dominions-Their Great ability in DiplomacyUniversal Corruption which pervades Inferior Functionaries-Efficacy of the Secret Police and of the Emperor's Vengeance-Evils and Dangers of this System-Extraordinary Influ→ ence of Religion in Russia-State of the Church and the Clergy-Peculiar Political System of the Russian Cabinet-Its immense Physical Advantages for such a System-Successive Conquests of the Russians in their Early History-Their Progress in Later Times-Napoléon's Account of the Power of Russia-Description of St.-Petersburg-Its Public Edifices -Importance of the Sketch of Russia-Arrival of Napoléon at the Tuileries-Universal Consternation at Paris on the News of the Retreat and the Emperor's Arrival being received -Restoration of Public Confidence throughout the Empire-Conspiracy of Malet-Progress of the Conspiracy-Its extraordinary Success-Boldness of Malet, who Seizes the Governor of Paris-His subsequent Seizure and Overthrow-Effect which this Conspiracy produced in Paris and on Napoléon-His Opinions on the Subject in the Council of State-Reflections on this Event-Decree concerning the French Regency-Napoléon arranges his Differences with the Church-His hidden Designs regarding the Pope and the Catholic Church-His Plans for making Paris its Head-Commencement of the Conferences with the Pope at Fontainebleau-Articles of the Concordat-Extraordinary Joy of Napoléon at the Conclusion of this Treaty-Rapid Changes in the Opinion of the Pope and his Council-Moderate and Prudent Conduct of Napoléon on his Retractation-His Reasons for this ModerationNapoléon's Speech to the Legislative Body-Important Statistical Details with which it was Accompanied-Surprizing magnitude of the Sums expended by Napoléon on Public Improvements-Finances of the French Empire at this Period-Military Strength of the |