TRUST DEED BY ANDREW CARNEGIE, ESQUIRE, CREATING THE CARNEGIE UNITED KINGDOM TRUST

DATED 3RD OCTOBER, 1913, AND Registered IN THE BOOKS OF COUNCIL AND SESSION, 4TH DECEMBER, 1913

I, Andrew Carnegie, of New York City,. and of Skibo, in the County of Sutherland, considering that I have for some years past distributed in Great Britain and Ireland, the revenue of nearly ten million dollars (first) for the erection of public libraries maintained from the local rates, and (second) for aiding the acquisition of organs by churches of all denominations; my reasons for selecting public libraries being. my belief, as Carlyle has recorded, that "the true university of these days is a collection of books," and that thus such libraries are entitled to a first place as instruments for the elevation of the masses of the people; and in regard to organs, because of my own experience that the organ is one of the most elevating of voices, often causing me to murmur the words of Confucius as I listen to its peals, "Music, sacred tongue of God, I hear thee calling and I come"; and also because of the consolation I experience under the influence of a maxim of the same Seer"All worship being intended for the true God, howsoever addressed, reaches and is accepted by him":

And now finding it essential to provide for the future permanent administration of this fund by residents within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, who are familiar with prevailing conditions and are hence better qualified to judge as to the utility of the purposes above stated, as well as other purposes which may appear to them of as much or more importance, it being my impression that the demand for public libraries will grow less as cities supply themselves with these indispensable agencies for the benefit of the masses; and that the calls for organs will decrease, considering the large number already supplied, particularly if it be understood, as I desire that it may, that only such congregations shall receive grants as

are in needy circumstances and unable to provide organs for themselves:

And considering that I having been much gratified with the highly satisfactory manner in which the Carnegie Dunfermline trustees have administered the trust committed to them by a trust deed, dated eighteenth August, Nineteen hundred and three, as well as by their administration of the Carnegie Hero Fund Trust, committed to them by a trust deed, dated seventeenth October, Nineteen hundred and eight, and being desirous that this additional trust should be associated with Dunfermline, endeared to me as my native town, and hallowed with many precious associations, I expressed to these trustees my wish that they should undertake the administration of its affairs, but with power (in accordance with their own expressed desire) in consideration of the wide area of administration, to select other individuals to act as additional trustees, along with themselves, as hereinafter provided; with which wish they readily agreed to comply,

Therefore, I hereby undertake, and bind and oblige myself, my heirs, executors, and successors, forthwith validly to transfer and deliver in trust bonds of the United States Steel Corporation, of the aggregate 'face value of ten million dollars, bearing interest at five per cent. per annum, to and in favor of

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and also to and in favor of six members of the Corporation of Dunfermline, and three members of the School Board of Dunfermline, or other educational authority of the Burgh for the time being, those members of these bodies at present acting as trustees of "The Carnegie Dunfermline Trust," being hereby nominated as the first to act in the trust hereby constituted, and who will continue to act during the currency of their present appointments, and thereafter those to act being chosen by the respective bodies for such periods as they may respectively determine in all time coming; the provost of the corporation and the chairman of the school board or other educational authority for the time, being always of the said six and three members respectively, providing always that in the event of any failure by the above bodies to elect members, the other trustees shall have full power to act alone:

And likewise to and in favor of such persons as the trustees, who are hereinbefore personally named, may from time to time assume, or as may be assumed by the successors of those so named or so assumed, in the manner provided by the law of Scotland for the assumption of trustees, to act along with themselves, and with the other trustees before referred to, it being hereby provided that if the persons so assumed shall be holders of public official positions, each of them while holding such a position shall be entitled to act either by himself, or to nominate and appoint an assessor to act on his behalf, with the same powers and immunities as if such assessor were herein named as a trustee, such assessor holding office during the pleasure of the trustee by whom he may have been appointed;

And the whole body of trustees herein named or referred to, or to be assumed, and the aforesaid assessors shall be designated "The Carnegie United Kingdom Trustees," and are hereinafter named "The Trustees," of whom seven members present

And I hereby provide that the income from the said bonds, and from such other investments as may from time to time be held by the trustees, shall be applied by them, for the improvement of the wellbeing of the masses of the people of Great Britain and Ireland, by such means as are embraced within the meaning of the word "charitable," according to Scotch or English law, and which the trustees may from time to time select as best fitted from age to age for securing these purposes, remembering that new needs are constantly arising as the masses advance.

And I hereby explain that as I have already provided for my native town a fund, administered under the trust deed first above referred to, yielding thirty-seven thousand five hundred pounds per annum, it is unnecessary that any part of the income of the trust hereby created be used for that town, and the Carnegie Dunfermline trustees will thus be relieved from what might be considered an equivocal position, and will take rank with the other trustees to be assumed as equally disinterested and equally desirous to benefit the masses of the United Kingdom:

And I hereby specially provide that my trustees shall apply no part of the income towards research designed to promote the development of implements or munitions of war, and I expressly prohibit any part of the trust funds from being used in any way which could lend countenance to war or to warlike preparations:

And I recommend them to consider the propriety of providing, or of aiding in the providing of public baths, the success of such baths in Dunfermline having been very remarkable and having been the means of stimulating other cities to follow that city in its character as a pioneer city:

And I provide that such changes in the objects to which the income may be applied, may be effected by a majority of two-thirds of the trustees present and voting at a meeting duly called and in respect to which notice has been given of the business proposed to be transacted:

And I hereby direct the trustees from time to time to appoint an executive committee to whom may be deputed the administration of the trust, one half of the members to be chosen from among the persons assumed to act as trustees who are not members of the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, or the assessors appointed by them, and the other half to be chosen from among the trustees who are members of the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust:

And I further empower the trustees to appoint such officers as they may think required for the conduct of the business of the trust, at such salaries, and under such conditions as they think proper; and to provide suitable offices, by leasing, purchasing, or, after a few years, building the same, care being taken in erecting a building that it shall be fire-proof, and plain, solid and stately:

And I hereby confer on the trustees all the powers and immunities conferred upon trustees under the various trusts (Scotland) acts, and without prejudice to this generality, the following powers and immunities, namely-power to uplift and realize the said bonds, and the principal sums therein contained, and the interest thereof, to grant discharges or receipts therefor, to sell the said bonds either by public roup or private bargain, at such prices and on such terms as they may deem reasonable, to assign or transfer the same, to sue for payment of the principal sums or interest, either in or out of the United Kingdom, to invest the sums which from time to time may be received from the said bonds, on such securities, as they in their discretion may select, and to alter or vary the investments from time to time as they may think proper; all which investments may be taken in the names of the chairman and secretary of the trust and their successors in office for the time being,

With power also to form a reserve fund from the income of the trust investments, which may at any time be used for any of the trust purposes.

And I hereby expressly provide and declare that the trustees shall not to any extent, or in any way be responsible for the safety of the said bonds or securities,

or for any depreciation in the value of the said bonds or securities, or for the honesty or solvency of those to whom the same may be entrusted, relying as I do on the belief that the trustees herein appointed or to be assumed shall act honorably;

And I empower the trustees to receive and administer any other funds or property which may be donated or bequeathed to them for similar purposes to the purposes of this trust;

And I also empower them to frame standing orders for regulating the carrying on of the business of the trust and procedure at meetings, including the appointment of a chairman, who shall have a casting as well as a deliberative vote; and to make such arrangements and lay down from time to time such rules as to the signature of deeds, transfers, agreements, cheques, receipts and other writings, as they may consider desirable in order to secure the due and safe transaction of the business of the trust;

And I provide and declare that the traveling and personal expenses which the trustees or their assessors may incur in attending meetings or otherwise in carrying out the business of the trust shall be paid from the trust income;

And I appoint that the accounts of the trustees shall annually be audited by an auditor to be appointed on their application by the Sheriff of the County of Fife, and that an abstract of the accounts, as audited, shall be inserted in one or more newspapers published in each of the cities of London, Dublin and Edinburgh, and also that a report of their proceedings be printed and widely distributed; and I consent to the registration hereof in the Books of Council and Session for preservation; in witness whereof I have subscribed these presents . . . at Skibo Castle, on the third day of October Nineteen hundred and thirteen, before these witnesses, Louise Whitfield Carnegie, my wife, Margaret Carnegie, my daughter, and Estelle Whitfield, my sisterin-law.

ANDREW CArnegie.

Louise Whitfield Carnegie, Witness.
Margaret Carnegie, Witness.
Estelle Whitfield, Witness.

THE LIBRARY WORK THAT THE NORMAL SCHOOL OUGHT TO DO *

MORE than any other type of school, the training school for teachers should inculcate the library spirit. If we can train our teachers to have more than a mechanical or passive use for books, we may then expect boys and girls in school years and men and women in after years to value books rightly. The library spirit is more than technical details, more than expertness in the use of books. It is enthusiasm for

books, interest in thinking, knowledge of The normal life, and willingness to serve. school library should be an active educational force.

Teachers should use books naturally and with confidence. The library in the teachers' training school should be so equipped and conducted as to make this use and confidence not only possible but habitual. The worth of a book is in its use. The purpose of a library is not that a man shall sit with his nose in a book, but that by means of a book he shall become better informed, enlarged in spirit, strengthened in life.

The field of the normal school library is the whole world of ideas. Its materials are not books alone, but pictures, maps, charts, lantern slides, all visualizing aids. A teachers' library should as readily and willingly tell where to buy bubble fountains or the best drawing supplies as to furnish material about Pestalozzi. It should render such informational service as readily without the school as within.

All the details of advisable organization and equipment for an effective normal school library cannot here be given. I mention what I would be inclined to consider the essentials:

First, a librarian alive to the educational possibilities of his work, tactful in handling people, able to cope in general scholarship with any and all members of the faculty, informed and sensible as to modern library methods, a leader. Such a librarian is worthy of recognition as a head of a department, with corresponding salary, and he

*Read before the Department of Normal Schools, National Education Association, Salt Lake, July, 1913.

should not serve under any other conditions.

Second, enough skilled help. Library assistants in a well-conducted library perform more brain work in a day than a teacher does. The skill with which students are brought into contact with books and ideas is all-important. The worth of a library is in the way it is used.

Third, give the library and the librarian a chance to exercise initiative. Make a definite apportionment of funds to the library, and allow the librarian large latitude in formulating the policy of expenditure. The actual amount given the library is not so important as that the library shall be allowed to work out its place. However, not even a librarian can make bricks of straw.

Fourth, let the student body and the teaching staff expect from the library accurate, prompt, and sympathetic help on any kind of topic, at any time.

It will be seen that the writer would emphasize personality in the library, as in all teaching. First a forceful librarian, then sufficient trained help possessed of the teacher attitude, then some freedom of policy and then expect results.

As rapidly as need arises and funds permit, I would favor the organization of the following departments of library service:

1. Reference. This department will cooperate with professors and students in all phases of bibliographic work, from simplest topics to advanced research. It will be upto-date in equipment, an essential being vertical files for clippings, bibliographies, pictures, and ephemeral material, which is most useful while it is fresh. The sort of library here in mind will keep it fresh. The reference librarian will coöperate closely with departments of instruction in preparing and making accessible material for student use. This will be done partially by frequent visits to classrooms by the reference librarian. The library will thus take up instruction, so far as it is related to library resources, right at the point where the teacher leaves it. The reference librarian performing such service will be accorded faculty rank.

2. Children's department. This division of the library's teaching work will have a room of its own, easily accessible to the children of the training school, and pleasantly furnished. A trained teacher-librarian will be in charge. The department will be conducted particularly as the library laboratory for critic teachers, practice teachers, and students who feel the need of knowing children's books and school library methods-and all teachers need that. Classes from the training school will come frequently to the children's department for illustrative material or for class study of many books. The children's department will have a system of classroom libraries, changed at need, in the training school rooms. This department will have a liberal equipment of equipment of illustrative material-pictures, duplicate copies of poems, post cards, lantern slides, drawing models, Edison school kinetoscope and film, post card projector. It will be a model library for a school, both a teachers' laboratory and a standing object lesson.

3. High school department. In any normal school having a model high school or a high school department of importance, the library should provide special high school service. The adolescent requires adaptation of library method. The high school department, for example, will take up vocational guidance work in close coöperation with the department of instruction in English. The development of high school libraries everywhere will be immeasurably stimulated by a practical working high school library in every normal school. The possibilities are boundless, almost.

4. Extension. Extra-mural loans are a legitimate part of the normal school library's educational service. Loan collections on special subjects, adapted to the state texts, can be used effectively as a stimulus to schools to form their own libraries. Clippings, pamphlets, debate and essay material, suggestions for special celebrations and amateur dramatics, will be useful and greatly appreciated. Even duplicate collections of post cards, pictures, lantern slides, and kinetoscope films might