97. To what danger was Titus exposed? 98. The sufferings of the Jews during the siege of Jerusalem? 99. The fate of Jerusalem? 100. The number of captives, and of the slain? 101. How was the victory of Titus celebrated in Rome ? 15. For what were they remarkable? 21. 102. Describe the medal struck, commemo- 23. Their reputation among the Romans? rative of the event? CHAPTER XIII. HISTORY OF ANCIENT ITALY. SEC. 1.-Geographical Outline. 3. Cisalpine Gaul, why so called? 8. The Ligurian name of the river Po, and 9. The principal towns of the Boii? 10. The limits of Gallia Transpadana? 11. Of Central Italy? 12. What countries did it comprise ? 16. In what part of Italy did the Greek colo- 17. For what has Italy ever been celebrated? 18. What has Italy been, and what is it now ? SEC. 3.-The Greek Colonies in Italy. 1. The earliest Greek settlement in Italy? 6. By whom was Croton founded? 10. The cause of the power of Sybaris ? 13. To whom did the Sybarites then apply 14. What city did they then found? 15. What led to a civil war, and the result of it? 16 The subsequent history of Thurium ? 17. What is said of Zaleucus ? 18. Who brought the Locrians to the verge of ruin? 19. Its subsequent history? 20. By whom was Rhegium colonized? 23. By what treachery was it again destroy- SEC. 2.-Historical Notices of the early In- 24. habitants of Italy. 1. From whom were the earliest inhabitants of Italy descended? 2. Of what two languages is the Latin a 3. The origin of the name Sicily? 5. What proof is given that the serfs were 6. The gods of the ancient Latins? 7. What is said of the Sabines? 8. Explain the "Ver Sacrum?" 9. The history of the Lucanians? 10. For what were the Sabellian tribes distinguished? 11. What prevented them from becoming predominant in Italy? 12. To what did the Samnites owe their downfall? 13. The origin of the term "Imperator?" 14. What gave the Romans great advantage over the Etruscans? How were the traitors punished? CHAPTER XIV. HISTORY OF SICILY. SEC. 1.-Geographical Outline. 1. Ancient names of Sicily? 2. Origin of the name of the city "Rhegium?" 3. For what are the straits of Messina remarkable? 4. The extent of the city of Syracuse? 5. Describe the prison Latomiæ ? 6. What is said of the fountain of Arethusa ? 7. The origin of the proverb " Remove not 8. Polybius' account of Agrigentum ? Sicily? 10. The fiction of the poets respecting it? 24 SEC. 2.-Historical Notices of the ancient] Inhabitants of Sicily. 1. The first inhabitants of Sicily? 3. The next in antiquity? 4. Who came next? 5. Who was Eolus? 6. The fate of Deucetius, the most renown- 7. How were the Siculi treated by the Sy racusans? 8. How were they treated by the tyrant 9. By whom was their independence re- SEC. 3.-The History of Syracuse. 1. When and by whom was Syracuse 2. Its original form of government? 3. Under what circumstances was it chang- 4. The consequences of Gelon's wise ad- 5. Who applied to him for aid? 6. What demand did he make? 7. With what forces did the Carthaginians 8. By what stratagem did Gelon entirely 9. How was he regarded by his subjects 10. His successor, and what is said of his 11. What signal and important naval victory did he gain? 12. What led to a revolution in the govern ment? 13. What was petalism, and what were its consequences? 14. Who invaded Sicily at this time? CHAPTER XV. HISTORY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. SEC. 1.-Traditions respecting the Origin of the Romans. 1. The origin of the Romans according to 3. The probable foundation of these ancient 4. Repeat the substance of them. 5. The story of Numitor and Amulius? 7. Cause of the quarrel between them, and 8. Date of the building of Rome. SEC. 2. From the Foundation of the City 1. How did Romulus procure inhabitants for his new city? 2. Form of its government? 3. What is said of the tie of patron and client ? 4. How did Romulus obtain wives for his subjects? 5. Story of Tarpeia. 6. What led to a peace between Romulus and Tatius, and the terms? 7. What is said of these and other legends? 11. Successor of Numa, and his character? 13. Conduct of the surviving Horatius? 15. What circumstance led to a series of 15. The successor of Tullus? sanguinary wars? 16. What is said of Dionysius I.? 17. His death, and his successor? 18. The character and conduct of Dionysius II.? 19. What compelled the Syracusans to apply for aid to their parent city, Corinth? 20. Who was sent to them? 21. The consequences of his death? 16. His principal acts? 17. The successor of Ancus Martius? 21. What public works rendered his name 22. 22. What led the Syracusans afterwards to 23. invoke the aid of Pyrrhus, king of Epi-24. rus? 23. His conduct in Sicily? How did he console the people under The cause and manner of his death? 24. To whom was the Syracusan throne 27. How was he regarded by the patricians? 28. The circumstances of his death, and the SEC. 3. From the Establishment of the 143. What led to their overthrow ? 1. Nature of the government that succeeded 45. 2. What conspiracy was soon afterwards 46. 3. The conduct of the consul Brutus ? 47. How was the tribunician power in- creased? Cause and manner of the death of Spurius Cause of the Veientine war? By whom and in what manner was Veii 48. What return was made to Camillus for 6. With whom did the Romans now make 49. Cause of the Gallic war? 7. The possessions of Rome at this time? 11. What is said of these legends? 12. The cause of the Sabine war that fol- 13. Oppressive conduct of the patricians, and 14. Who was appointed dictator, and his 15. The second dictator? 16. What occasioned still greater discontent? 18. How were the difficulties settled? 19. What facts are manifest from the treaties 20. Legend of Coriolanus ? 50. The result of the first battle? 51. What did the Romans do after this? 53. What ransom was paid for the city? SEC. 4.-From the Rebuilding of the City 1. The state of Rome after the departure 2. The wishes of the citizens, and how were 3. The fate of Manlius? 4. The strength of the patricians at this 21. What was the agrarian law proposed by 6. What three bills were brought forward Spurius Cassius ? 22. The fate of Spurius? 23. What remarkable circumstance is men- by Licinius? 37. On what occasion was Cincinnatus made 22. Why was war proclaimed against Ta- 29. What brought him back to Italy? SEC. 5. From the Commencement of the Dissensions under the Gracchi. 1. The cause of the first Punic war? 4. What strong city did the Romans cap- 5. How did they learn the art of ship 6. How did Duilius obtain a naval victory 51. How did they afterwards obtain arms? 7. What grand enterprise did the Romans 52. Describe the siege? now undertake? 8. How did they prepare for it? 9. What turned the fortune of war? 10. What successive losses did the Romans sustain? 11. Conduct of Regulus? 12. What is said of his death? 13. What great naval victory did Catulus 14. What led to a peace, and the terms 15. In what important war did the Romans 53. Scipio's feelings on viewing Carthage in flames? 54. Story of Asdrubal's wife? 55. The origin of the war which proved fatal 56. The fate of Corinth? 57. What other cities soon afterwards shared 58. What story is told of Mummius? 61. What is said of their leader, Viriatus? 16. What reputation did they gain by their 62. Conduct of Pompey in Spain? success? 17. What led to a second Punic war? 63. Policy of Scipio Emilianus ? 18. What oath did Hannibal take when a 65. What province in Asia did the Romans now obtain, and in what manner? SEC. 6. From the Beginning of the Civil 1. What gradual change did the govern- 2. In what way did the aristocracy acquire 3. How did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to 4. What was his first step? 5. How did the nobles attempt to thwart 6. Tiberius Gracchus' next step? 7. By what proposal was this followed? 8. What led to his death? 9. Who was his murderer? 36. The next war in which the Romans 10. His subsequent career? were engaged? 37. Success of the consul Flaminius? 38. Who caused a renewal of the wars in Greece? 39. By whom was he instigated? 11. In what two wars did the Romans now 12. engage, and by what means were they Who now determined to follow the ex- 40. Where did the Romans gain a signal 13. By whom was he urged on? victory over the Syrians? 14. How did he commence his career? 15. What change did he make in the govern-162. Pompey's conduct toward him? ment? 16. How did the senate endeavour to thwart 17. What accident precipitated the struggle? 19. What followed the death of the Gracchi? 21. How did Jugurtha act in Rome, and the 22. His success, and its effect in Rome ? 24. By whom was he supplanted ? 25. The success of Marius? 26. The subsequent fate of Jugurtha? 27. What hordes were now devastating 28. By whom were they subdued? 32. How many men perished in this war, 35. Between what parties did the first civil 36. Conduct of Marius in Rome? 39. Conduct of Sylla in Rome ? 42. The conduct and end of the consul Le- 43. What war now broke out in Spain? 52. By whom, and in what manner, was his 53. The fate of the conspirators? 54. Who protested against their execution? 56. The first triumvirate? 57. By whom were they supported, and from 58. How did he succeed? 59. What first disturbed the union of the 60. By what was it broken? 64. What bribes had Cæsar paid over to 65. How did he embarrass the senate ? 67. Cæsar's conduct on receiving this intelli- 68. Conduct of Pompey's party? 69. How long did it take Cæsar to subdue 70. His subsequent victories? 71. What office was conferred on him on his 72. When, and where was fought the great 73. The fate of Pompey? 74. The fate of his remains ? SEC. 7.-The Establishment of the Roman 1. The effect of the news of Pompey's 2. Who renewed the war? 3. How did Cæsar show his disapprobation 4. What fresh danger did he incur in 5. What lamentable catastrophe occurred 6. Cæsar's letter to Rome? 7. The state of affairs in Rome, and by 8. The fate of Cato? 9. How long was Cæsar occupied about 10. Adulation of the senate? 11. To what dangers was Cæsar exposed in 12. What vast designs did he now contem- 13. How did he offend his countrymen ? 15. The conduct of Brutus, and of the sen- 16. Effect of Antony's speech? 17 Conduct of Antony toward the con- 18. The second triumvirate ? 20. The theatre of the new civil war, and |