at Tientsin in 1858 during negotia-
tion of treaties, 239; character and
death of, 240.

Korea, early relations of, with Japan,
2; resolution in Congress in 1845 in
relation to, 142; styled "Naboth's
Vineyard of the Far East," 307; early
relations of, with China and Japan,
307; British East India Company
attempts to open commerce with,
308; first effort to introduce Chris-
tianity into, 309; persecution of
Christians in, 309; French naval ex-
pedition to, 309; French forces com-
pelled to retire from, 310; the Gen-
eral Sherman burned and crew killed
in, 310; kindly treatment of ship-
wrecked Americans in, 311; Consul-
General Seward advises attempt to
open relations with, 312; American
minister to China directed to nego-
tiate with, 313; naval expedition of
United States to, 313; notified by
Tsung-li Yamen of American expe-
dition, 314; American expedition
appears off coast of, 314; American
vessels fired upon by forts of, 314;
on failure of, to apologize Americans
destroy forts, 315; communication of
official of, with Minister Low, 315;
failure of American expedition to,
due to incorrect information, 316;
Consul-General Seward's informa-
tion as to, from adventurers, 317;
attempts of Russia and Germany to
enter into negotiations with, 318; at-
tempt of Japan to reinstate suzer-
ainty over, 319; independence of,
recognized by Japan, 320; treaty be-
tween Japan and (1876), 320; efforts
of, to prevent strangers from visiting
shores, 320; China disclaims control
over, 320; embassy of to Japan, 321;
visited by Russian, British, and
French naval vessels, 321; British
failure to open intercourse with, 321;
duke of Genoa attempts to commu-
nicate with king of, 322; delegation
from, to Li Hung Chang advised to
make treaty with United States, 323;
Senator Sargent introduces resolu-
tion to send commissioner to, 323;
Shufeldt makes futile visit to, 324;
United States legation at Peking in-
formed of willingness of, to make
treaty, 324; treaty between United
States and (1882), 324; exterritorial
rights of United States in, 325; Foote,

first American minister to, 326; em-
bassy from, sent to United States,
326; treaties negotiated by Great
Britain and Germany with, 327; ap-
points minister to United States, 327;
China interdicts, from sending min-
ister to United States, 327; incon-
sistent attitude of China toward,328;
China claims subordination of min-
isters of, 329; United States opposes
and ignores China's attitude as to
ministers of, 329; friendly attitude
of, toward United States, 329;
American aid in transformation of,
330; missions in, 330; treaty be-
tween France and (1886), 331; Jap-
anese attempt to secure predominant
influence in, 331; Japanese and Chi-
nese intrigues in, 332; China resists
Japanese attempt to secure influence
in, 332; rivalry of China and Japan
causes war of 1894, 332; cause of
Chinese-Japanese War, see Chinese-
Japanese War; appeals to United
States to intervene to secure its inde-
pendence, 333; independence of,
recognized by Chinese-Japanese
peace treaty, 340; new danger to,
after Chinese-Japanese War, 342.
Kotou or kowtow, Ismailoff performs,
20; Lord Amherst refuses to per-
form, 25; Minister Ward declines to
perform, 250.

Krusenstern, attempt of, to trade at
Canton, 21; opinion of, of American
enterprise, 29.

Kung, Prince, president of Tsung-li
Yamen, 256; character of, 256.
Kweiliang receives from Ward Presi-

dent's letter for delivery to emperor,
251; member of Tsung-li Yamen,
257.

Lagoda, the, imprisonment of crew of,
by Japanese, 144.
Land of the Morning Calm, see Korea.
L'Artemise affair, 119.

Lawrence, the, imprisonment of crew
of, by Japanese, 144.
Letter of sultan of Muscat to Presi-
dent, 53; of President to Kameha-
meha III., 117; of Kamehameha III.
to President Jackson, 118; from
President to emperor of Japan de-
livered at Uraga, 156; of Li Hung
Chang regarding opium trade, 297.
Lew Chew Islands, Perry recommends
occupation of, by United States, 229;

Gen. Grant aids Japan and China in
settling dispute concerning, 350.
Liaotung Peninsula cession of, by
China to Japan, 340.

Liholiho, king of Hawaiian Islands,
106.

Li Hung Chang, letter of, regarding
opium trade, 297; advises Koreans
to make treaty with United States,
323; announces China's policy as to
Korean ministers, 328; Chinese peace
commissioner at Shimonoseki, 340;
appointed plenipotentiary to nego-
tiate peace with allies, 424; on cause
of Boxer uprising, 416; removed as
member of Tsung-li Yamen, 417.
Liliuokalani succeeds Kalakaua as
ruler of Hawaii, 375; character of,
375; attempted coup d'état of, in
January. 1893, 376; dethroned, 377;
declares that she would behead revo-
lutionists, if restored to power, 379.
Lin, Chinese commissioner to suppress
opium trade, 68; destroys opium
seized, 70.

Linguist, in trade at Canton, 34.
Lodge, Senator, argument of, for Chi-
nese exclusion, 303.

Looting, of Cantonese palaces by Brit-
ish (1856), 228.

Luzon, Island of, American commis-
sioners instructed to demand cession
of, 403.

Macartney, Lord, embassy of, to China,
22.

Macao, Portuguese establishment at,
33.

Malietoa, king of Samoa, 389; and

chiefs accept Berlin Act, 394; death
of, 395.

Malietoa Tanu declared king of Samoa
by chief justice, 396.
Manhattan, The, enters Bay of Yedo
(1845), 139.

Manila Bay, effect of victory of, on
policy of United States, 400.
Marey, William L., conservative policy
of, as Secretary of State, in relation
to China, 229; directs American
minister to propose annexation of
Hawaii, 366.
Marshall, Humphrey, United States
commissioner to China, 205; efforts
of, to secure interview with Chinese
commissioner, 205; received by
E-liang, 206; disagreements be-
tween, and Commodores Aulick and

Perry, 206; futile efforts of, to in-
terview Commissioner Yeh, 213; re-
call of, 213.

Martin, Dr. W. A. P., on the Opium
War, 73; assists in negotiation of
treaty of 1858 between China and
United States, 239; president of
Imperial College, 261; treatment of,
during Boxer uprising, 420.
Mataafa, rival for Samoan kingship,
390.

McCarthy, Justin, on the Opium War,
74.

McCulloch, Hugh, opinion of, as to Dr.
Peter Parker, 230.
McKinley, President, problems to be
solved by, at close of Spanish War,
402; change of policy of, as to Phil-
ippines, 404.

McLane, Robert M., minister of United
States, visits headquarters of Taiping
leader, 210; visit of, misinterpreted
as act of homage, 210; views of,
as to Taiping Rebellion, 211; indig-
nation of, at treatment by Chinese
high commissioner, 214; proceeds to
Shanghai, 215; communicates with
Viceroy E-liang, 215; resigns as
minister to China, 219.

Mikado, relations between Shogun and,
187, 196; Shogun visits, at Kioto,
190; sanctions treaties of Japan with
powers, 195; Mutsuhito becomes,
199; Shogun surrenders government
to, 198; grants audience to ministers
and transfers capital to Yedo, 198;
takes the "charter oath," 199.
Missionaries, early French, to China, 6;
edict expelling Jesuit, from Japan,
10; American, sent to Hawaiian Is-
lands, 106; success of, in Hawaiian
Islands, 107; diversity of opinion as
to, in the Orient, 109; services of,
as interpreters to embassies, 109;
and their opponents in Hawaii, 115;
Tientsin riots against French, 268;
Korea visited by French, 309; in
Samoa, 386; usefulness of, in China,
socially and politically, 411.
Missions. in Korea, 330; French inter-
pretation of treaty provision relative
to, in Korea, 331; in China, 409.
See also Christianity; Missionaries.
Morgan, John T., report of, upon Ha-

waiian revolution, in the Senate, 380.
Morrison, J. R., services as interpreter
to Roberts's embassy, 110.
Morrison, Dr. Robert, interpreter of

Amherst embassy, 110; invited to
come to China by D. W. C. Olyphant,
137.

Morrison, The, voyage of, to Japan
(1837), 137.

Morton, Oliver P., chairman of com-
mittee of Congress on Chinese immi-
gration, 286; death of, and report
in favor of Chinese immigration, 289.
Muscat, Roberts sent on mission to, 46;
extent of sultanate of, 51; reception
of Roberts at, 52; treaty of United
States with, 52; letter of sultan of,
to President, 53.

Mutsu, Count, one of Japanese peace
commissioners at Shimonoseki, 340.
Mutsuhito, becomes Mikado, 199.

Nagasaki, location of Dutch factory,
11; Preble enters harbor of (1849),
144.

Nanking, capture of, by Taipings, 208;

Roberts visits Taiping court at, 210.
Napier, Lord, chief superintendent of
British trade in China, 57; attempts
to communicate with Chinese offi-
cials at Canton, 58; governor's letter
refusing to receive, 59; requested
to withdraw to Macao, 60; commu-
nications of, with Chinese governor,
61; withdraws from Canton, 62;
illness and death of, at Macao, 62.
Naval officers, relations between diplo-
matic officers and, 207.
Nevius, Dr., on the Opium War, 73.
Northwest coast, American trade be-
tween China and, 31; American
ships on, 99.

large increase in, 66; large profits
from, 66; increased efforts of Chinese
to suppress, 67; increase of illicit, 67;
Lin, Chinese commissioner to sup-
press, 68; stringent prohibitions
against, 68; Chinese close foreign
factories to stop, 69; not adjusted
by Anglo-Chinese treaty (1842), 71;
United States by treaty with China
prohibits, 295; communication of
W. N. Pethick on, 295; Great Brit-
ain declines to entertain proposal of
China to prohibit, 297; Li Hung
Chang's letter regarding, 297; op-
position of United States to, 298;
Lord Elgin opposes prohibition
clause in United States treaty of
1858, 299.

Opium War, causes of, 64; course of,
70; moral aspects of, 72.

Pacific Ocean, European occupation of
islands of, 26; whale fishery in, 104;
Seward's prophecy as to importance
of, 135.

Pacific Railroad, Chinese laborers work
on, 283.

Pago Pago Harbor, cession of, by Sa-

moa to United States not acted on
by Senate, 388; Tutuila, in which is,
transferred to United States, 397.
Palmerston, Lord, on ultimate annex-
ation of Hawaii to United States,
368.

Panama, Isthmus of, bulwark of China
and Japan, 133.

Parker, Dr. Peter, urges in 1841 send-
ing minister to China, 77; secretary
of Cushing embassy, 79; on Morri-
son's voyage to Japan, 138; reports
harsh treatment. of shipwrecked
Americans in Japan, 144; chargé
d'affaires of United States in China,
205; again becomes chargé, 219;
visits United States, 221; appointed
commissioner to China, 221; indig-
nation at Yeh in avoiding interview,
221; plan of, to avoid war in China,
229; retires as minister to China,
230; life of, after retirement, 230;
McCulloch's opinion of, 230.

Paulet, Lord George, threatens Ha-
waiian independence, 124; compels
cession of Hawaiian Islands to Great
Britain, 125.

Pearl Harbor, transferred by Hawaii
to United States for a naval station,
371; protest of British minister

to cession of, by Hawaii to United
States, 372.
Peiho, foreign ministers arrive at
mouth of, 216; reception of foreign
ministers by Chinese commissioner
on banks of, 217; failure of confer-
ence and departure of foreign min-
isters from, 218; foreign ministers
proceed to, 236; American, French,
and British arrive at mouth of, 246;
channel of, obstructed by Chinese,
246; battle of, between China and
allies, 247.
Peking, Cushing directed to reach, if
possible, 81; Cushing abandons idea
of reaching, 87; Cushing criticised
for not attempting to reach, 93;
Minister Ward at, 249; Minister
Ward leaves, without exchange of
ratifications, 252; captured by allied
forces, 254; siege of the legations
in, 419.

Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 147; suc-
ceeds Aulick in command of Japan
expedition, 147; banquet given, on
sailing of Japan expedition, 149;
seclusive policy of, in dealing with
Japanese, 152; religious custom of,
154;
firmness of, in dealing with
Japanese, 155; ceremonious delivery
of President's letter by, 156; informs
Japanese he will return the follow-
ing spring, 157; determines to hasten
his return to Japan, 160; resolute
course of, in regard to place of nego-
tiation, 161; negotiations of, with
Japanese plenipotentiaries, 162; ban-
quets Japanese officials, 164; suc-
cess of, in his mission to Japan, 166;
Japanese appreciation of services of,
168; dedication of Japanese monu-
ment to, 169; disagreement with
Minister Marshall, 206. See also
Japan Expedition.

Peru, treatment of Chinese coolies in,

276; coolies in, petition American
legation for aid, 278.

Pescadores Islands, Dutch occupy, 4;
cession of, by China to Japan, 340.
Pethick, W. N., secretary of Li Hung
Chang, on opium trade, 295; sketch
of his life, 295.
Philippines, occupied by Spaniards

(1543), 6; disposition of, at close of
Spanish War, a problem, 402; per-
plexity of President regarding, 402;
instructions of American commis-
sioners regarding, 403; attitude of

American commissioners in regard
to, 404; conferences at Paris between
commissioners regarding, 404; effect
of President's Western trip on acqui-
sition of, 404; reasons advanced for
United States acquiring, 405; Spain
cedes, to United States, 405; trou-
bles in China closely following ces-
sion of, to United States, 407; acqui-
sition of, makes United States an
Asiatic power, 438.

Port Arthur, seizure of, by Russia,
414.

Portuguese, arrive in China, 4; out-

rages in China, 4; visit Japan (1542)
7; establishment at Macao, 33; im-
ported from Azores for Hawaiian
sugar plantations, 371.

Preble, The, Expedition of, to Japan,
144.

Protocol of August 12, 1898, between
Spain and United States, 402; text
of, 468.

Pruyn, Robert H., appointed minister
to Japan, 89; refuses to leave Yedo
after burning of legation, 190; re-
tires to Yokohama at request of
Japanese government, 190.

Reed, William B., succeeds Dr. Parker
as minister to China, 231; political
reasons for appointment of, 231;
commissioned as minister instead of
commissioner, 231; fails to secure
interview with Commissioner Yeh,
233; resigns as minister to China
and returns home, 244; opinion of,
respecting Dr. Williams, 273.
Reid, Whitelaw, one of American
commissioners to negotiate peace
with Spain, 403.
Richardson, murder of, by Japanese,
189.

Roberts, Edmund, urges protection of
American commerce in Pacific, 45;
sent on mission to Siam, Muscat,
and Annam, 46; treatment of, at
Canton, 47; attempted negotiations
of, at Annam, 48; reception of, in
Siam, 49; reception of, at Muscat,
52; exchanges ratifications of Siam-
ese treaty, 54; death and services
of, at Macao, 55; furnished with
letters of credence to emperor of
Japan, 140, 141; presents intended
for emperor of Japan carried by,

141.

Roberts, Rev. J. J., relations of, to

Taiping Rebellion, 209; visits Tai-
ping court at Nankin, 210.
Rock Springs, indemnity for anti-
Chinese riots at, 301.

Rockhill, W. W., sent as special com-
missioner to China during siege of
legations, 424; on departure of
Conger from China, assumes charge
of peace negotiations, 428.
Rodgers, Admiral, in command of ex-
pedition to Korea, 314.

Rome, Japanese Christians visit, 9.
Russia, early relations of China and,
16; war between China and, 17th
century, 17; treaty of, 1689, with
China, 17; envoy from, to Peking
(1693), 18; envoy from, to Peking
(1719), 19; early trade of China
with, 21; treaty of, 1727, with, 21;
Hawaiian island of Kauai placed
under protection of, 112; treaty
between Japan and (1855), 166;
treaty between Japan and (1858),
183; treaty between China and
(1858), 238, 242; attempt of, to
enter into negotiations with Korea,
318; increasing influence of, in far
East, 342; seizure of Port Arthur
by, 414; announces that it has no
intention to acquire Chinese terri-
tory, 425; the power most feared by
China and Japan, 436.

Samoa, United States withholds ap-
proval of alliance between Hawaii
and, 373; embassy from Hawaii to,
374; missionaries in, 386; arrival of
traders in, 387; first attention of
United States called to, 387; cession
of Pago Pago harbor by, to United
States, not acted on by Senate, 388;
Steinberger sent as agent of United
States to, 388; Steinberger reports
and is again sent to, 388; Stein-
berger becomes premier of, and is
deported, 388; United States de-
clines protectorate over, 389; trea-
ties of, with United States (1878)
and other countries, 389; disorders
in, over kingship, 389; German in-
terest and influence in, 390; Ameri-
can consul raises flag over, 390;
German consul assumes control of
government of, 390; American con-
sul second time proclaims protecto-
rate over, 390; conference at Wash-
ington concerning, between United
States, Great Britain, and Germany,

391; failure of conference to reach
an agreement regarding, 391; Ger-
many dethrones Malietoa and in-
stalls Tamasese as king of, 392;
American squadron sent to, de-
stroyed by hurricane at Apia, 392;
desire of United States to preserve
independence of, 392; conference at
Berlin in reference to, between
United States, Great Britain, and
Germany, 393; instructions to Amer-
ican commissioners at Berlin Con-
ference concerning, 393; agreement
reached by Berlin Conference as to,
394; joint protectorate over, by
United States, Great Britain, and
Germany, 394; unsatisfactory opera-
tion of tripartite protectorate, 395;
civil war in, following death of Ma-
lietoa, 396; foreign sympathy with
rivals for kingship, 396; joint com-
mission sent to, by United States,
Great Britain, and Germany, 396; re-
port of joint commission on, and tri-
partite protectorate abandoned, 397;
partition of, 397; efforts and failure
of United States to preserve inde-
pendence of, 397; lesson from at-
tempted joint control of, 398; text
of treaty of 1899, between United
States, Germany, and Great Britain,
regarding, 466.

Sandalwood, Hawaiian trade in, 101;
value of trade in, to Hawaiian
Islands, 101; exhaustion of supply
of, in Hawaiian Islands, 102.
Sandwich Islands, see Hawaiian
Islands.

Sargent, Senator, submits report of
committee on Chinese immigration,
287; introduces resolution to send a
commissioner to Korea, 323.
Satsuma, Prince of, Richardson mur-
dered by followers of, 189; refuses
to pay indemnity demanded for
murder, 189; capital of, bombarded
by British squadron, 189.

Scott Act, relating to Chinese exclu-
sion, 301.

Sen Ki-yu, book of, on Western civili-
zation, 259; eulogy of, on Washing-
ton, 260; degraded on account of
book, 260; reinstated and made
member of Tsung-li Yamen, 260;
presented by United States with
portrait of Washington, 261.
Seward, George F., consul-general at
Shanghai, advises attempt to open