every direction, serving as a shield to protect the eye from injury from a blow. In the eyelid and below the eye, in the inner membrane of the lids, are

the meibomian glands, d d, which secrete a fluid for the purpose of moistening the surface of the eyeball, over which the upper eyelid falls like a curtain, carrying down any small speck or particle of dust that may have lighted on the ball, and partially preventing the entrance of rays of light when down. The eyelashes, or hairs with which the lids are fringed, are intended to prevent the entrance of dust. Through the elongated opening formed by the lids an oval portion of the eyeball is exposed to view, in the centre of which is a black spot surrounded by a coloured ring, the colour of which differs in different persons. Over this circular spot and ring of colour, which are termed respectively the pupil and iris, x and ff in the diagram, is a rounded transparent substance, g, called the cornea, which fits into the sclerotic or hard coat of the eye, h h, like a watch glass into the rim that surrounds it. The cornea also resembles a watch glass in shape and general purpose, being intended to protect the interior from injury while it does not interfere with the transmission of light. Within the cornea, and in front of the pupil and its surrounding iris, is the aqueous chamber, k, which is filled with a clear fluid, called the aqueous humour. The iris has the power of dilating and contracting under less or more exposure to light, and is a continuation of the choroid, e, a thin membrane which lines the sclerotic or hard outer casing of the eye, having its inner surface of a velvetty black colour. Within the iris, and attached to the choroid membrane, is a circular ligament, m, which holds the crystalline lens, #, convex in form on both sides. This lens is washed in front by the aqueous humour. Inside the choroid membrane is the retina, o, which receives the images of external objects reflected on it as a mirror. This communicates with the optic nerve, p, which enters the brain. The inner part of the eyeball is filled with a fluid called the vitreous or glassy humour, 7, which is enclosed in a membrane, r, called the hyaloid or glassy membrane on account of its transparency. The image of objects reflected on the retina is always inverted, as may be seen from the diagram, in which are traced the rays of light, and the courses they take in proceeding from the notch, point, and centre of the arrow in front of the eye. The rays from the notch and point are refracted by the convex crystalline lens, and crossing each other within the eyeball, cause the image of the object on the retina to assume an inverted position.

MARCO BOZZARIS.

FITZGREENE HALLECK,

An American poet of deserved celebrity, who, although he wrote well, like our own poet Gray, has written but little. He was born in Guildford in the State of Connecticut, and through life has followed mercantile pursuits. He visited England in 1822, when he was 27 years of age, having been born in 1795. The best of his more spirited pieces is the fine lyric poem which records the closing scene of the life of the Greek patriot, Marco Bozzaris.

[In 1540 Greece was totally subdued by the Turks, and continued in close thraldom to the Ottoman Empire until 1687, when the Venetians conquered Corinth, Athens, and the Morea, their right of possession being confirmed by the peace of Carlowitz in 1699. The Turks, however, did not long rest satisfied with this settlement of their southern frontier, and in 1713 Turkey declared war against Venice for the recovery of the peninsulas of Attica and the Morea. This time the fortune of war went against the subjects of the Doge, and in 1718 the Venetians by the peace of Passarowitz ceded her Greek territory to Achmet III., who was then the reigning Sultan of Turkey. But later in the century, about 1750, the Russian government, the natural enemy of the Ottoman Empire, began to excite discontent among the Greeks and rouse their hostility to the Turkish government. The promises of support and assistance made by the northern power fired the Greeks with an irresistible desire to regain their freedom, lost for so many years, and the latter half of the eighteenth century was marked by several abortive risings against their taskmasters.

Defeated but not daunted, the Greeks still kept the wished-for end in sight, and in 1821 the Morea was once more ablaze with revolt, and the Turks were driven into Hellas, or Northern Greece, which its rightful owners immediately took prompt steps to recover, after proclaiming the independence of Greece on January 27, 1822. The contest was continued with unabated vigour through 1822, and the Greeks made themselves masters of Athens and Corinth, and defeated the Turks in several encounters in the passes of Barbati and Thermopylæ, and elsewhere. In 1823, a national congress of the Greeks assembled at Argos, but the

Turks pressed on to recover their lost ground, aided by the moral support of the European sovereigns at Verona in December, 1822, who had pronounced the rising of the Greeks to recover their own a rebellion against lawfully constituted authority. At this time Missolonghi, afterwards memorable as the place where Lord Byron died in 1824, was held by Marco Bozzaris, a Suliote, born in Epirus about, 1800. A body of Turks and Albanians were advancing to invest the town, Bozzaris marched forth at the head of his Greeks to meet them, but fell in a night attack on the Turkish camp near Kerpinsi or Carpenisi. Like Leonidas, he died on the battle-field fighting for the liberties of his country; like Epaminondas, he died in the hour of victory, purchasing with his blood another triumph for his fellow-countrymen. The last words he uttered as the tide of life ebbed hastily away were :-" To die for liberty is a pleasure and not a pain."

Two Englishmen there were who died in the hour of triumph whose names will never be forgotten. General James Wolfe, at the early age of 33, fell on the heights of Abraham before Quebec in the battle that, in 1759, took the city from the French and gave it to the English. He fell mortally wounded before the battle was decided, but his dying moments were cheered by the assurance of victory, and the last words he ever spoke were :"Thank God, I die contented." Lord Nelson died with the cheers of the British sailors ringing in his ears as the Frenchmen hauled down flag after flag in token of submission at the close of the battle of Trafalgar, won on October 21, 1805, off Cape Trafalgar on the Spanish coast. He lived just long enough to learn that eighteen French and Spanish ships had been taken by the British fleet; and, as he lay grasping the hand of Hardy, the captain of his flagship, the Victory, he gasped out, "I have done my duty, and I praise God for it," and then yielded up his life.]

AT midnight, in his guarded tent,
The Turk was dreaming of the hour
When Greece, her knee in suppliance bent,
Should tremble at his power;

In dreams, through camp and court he bore
The trophies of a conqueror;1

Con'-quer-or, a victor, one who overcomes. From the Latin conquiro, I seek eagerly, because desire for success must precede its realization. Wil

In dreams his song of triumph heard,
Then wore his monarch's signet-ring,
Then pressed that monarch's throne-a king;
As wild his thoughts and gay of wing
As Eden's garden bird.

At midnight in the forest shades

Bozzaris ranged his Suliote2 band,
True as the steel of their tried blades,
Heroes in heart and hand.

There had the Persian's thousands stood,
There had the glad earth drank their blood
On old Platæa's 3 day;

And now there breathed that haunted air
The sons of sires who conquered there,
With arm to strike and soul to dare,
As quick, as far as they.

An hour passed on, the Turk awoke;
That bright dream was his last;
He woke to hear his sentries shriek :

"To arms! they come! the Greek! the Greek!"
He woke to die, 'midst flame and smoke,
And shout, and groan, and sabre-stroke,
And death-shots falling thick and fast
Like forest-pines before the blast,
Or lightnings from the mountain cloud,
And heard with voice as trumpet loud,
Bozzaris cheer his band:

"Strike, till the last armed foe expires,
Strike for your altars and your fires,
Strike for the green graves of your sires,
God, and your native land!"

liam the Conqueror is erroneously so called. His Norman followers called him Guillaume le Conquesteur, or William the Acquirer, thinking more of the rich lands that he acquired for himself and for them by the victory of Hastings than of the victory itself.

2 A name applied to the hardy mountaineers of Epirus.

3 The Greeks, under Pausanias and Aristides, defeated the Persian general Mardonius with great slaughter at Platæa in 479 B.C. Plataa was in NorthGreece in Boeotia. The site of the old city is near the modern village of

They fought, like brave men, long and well;
They piled that ground with Moslem slain,
They conquered-but Bozzaris fell
Bleeding at every vein.

His few surviving comrades saw
His smile when rang their proud hurrah
And the red field was won ;

Then saw in death his eyelids close
Calmly as to a night's repose,

Like flowers at set of sun.

Come to the bridal chamber, Death!
Come to the mother's, when she feels
For the first time her firstborn's breath;
Come, when the blessed seals
Which close the pestilence are broke,
And crowded cities wail its stroke;.
Come in Consumption's ghastly form,
The earthquake's shock, the ocean storm;
Come, when the heart beats high and warm
With banquet-song, and dance, and wine;
And thou art terrible: the tear,

The groan, the knell, the pall, the bier,
And all we know, or dream, or fear,
Of agony, are thine.

But to the hero, when his sword

Hath won the battle for the free,
Thy voice sounds like a prophet's word,
And in its hollow tones are heard

The thanks of millions yet to be.
Come, when his task of fame is wrought;
Come, with her laurel-leaf blood-bought;
Come, in her crowning hour, and then
Thy sunken eyes' unearthly light
To him is welcome as the sight

Of sky and stars to prisoned men;
Thy grasp is welcome as the hand

4 Pes'-ti-lence, very deadly and contagious epidemic. From the Latin pestis, a plague or infectious disorder.

M