such candidates for juvenile celebrity, would thus enrich the library without much impoverishing the purse of the industrious purchaser. If we must continue this sort of reading, then, the English editors of the German cento of fabliaux before us may next turn their attention to domestic resources: for our native legends are not inferior to those of the Germans in variety or abundance; and a preparation would be made for restoring them to that poetic form and importance, whence many of them have progressively dwindled.

A large proportion of these German narrations introduce speaking animals. During the leisure of early pastoral society, in climates which favor country-lounging, was probably founded that personal acquaintance between man and the brute animals that congregate with him, which produced a sort of reciprocal explanation of their wants, wishes, and sympathies. Partly by observation, partly by gesture, and partly by vocal tones, a considerable communication of idea was found practicable between races which could not articulate intelligibly to one another; and this intercourse, which must have been nearly proportioned to the patience and penetration of the human interpreter, might excite an opinion that certain men understood the languages of beasts and birds. In order to accredit a doctrine favorable to the social influence of the studier of brutes, such a person may often have attempted to translate into human words the information attained, and have thus laid the ground-work of those allegorical personifications of animals, which in all nations have ultimately assumed the form of the apologue, or Æsopian fable.

Hesiod is supposed by Schoell to have made the first Greek collection of fables. He drew from the literature circulated at Miletus: but Miletus was the sea-port to Nineveh, and no doubt imitated the fashions of the metropolis. Accordingly, among the Milesian tales, many of which have passed into Ovid's Metamphorses, occurs that of Pyramus and Thisbe, the scene of which lies at the tomb of Nimrod, or Ninus, in the neighbourhood of Nineveh. With the fall of Sardanapalus, the conflagration of his city, and the dispersion of the inhabitants, were destroyed probably the traces of the earliest treasury of apologue. As the vast population of Nineveh was scattered in all directions, so in all directions from that centre may be tracked the traditions of its literature. The prophet Jonah alludes to a sect at Nineveh, which had learnt to discern between the right hand and the left, and to "attribute to the one all pure and sacred, and to the other all impure and profane, employments. He states also that there were sixty thousand persons in Nineveh, who were not of this

sect.

sect. Now this sect spred in a south-easterly direction, and is still found in Hindûstan; so that we need not wonder if it carried with it many of those apologues, which also reached Greece through Miletus. May not the Sanskrit language itself be a remnant and monument of the literary culture of Nineveh ?

Be this as it may, in the Tales of a Parrot among the Hindûs, and in the Tales of Sidi Kur among the Calmucks, we have with slight variations several of the tales here collected by Messrs. Grimm as in popular circulation throughout Germany. The Golden Bird is one of the stories traced by Perinskiold into India, and that of The Tomtit and the Bear has its parallel in the eighth fable of the Tuhti Nameh: The Dancing Princesses are found among the Tartars: Tom Thumb is familiar among ourselves: The Grateful Beasts occur in Sidi Kur: The Queen Bee is told by the Jewish Rabbi Chanina, and in Gaal's Hungarian stories: The King of the Golden Mountain borrows or lends incidents related also in the Edda, and other Scandinavian sagas; and The Frog-prince is derived from a Crocodile-story of the East. We will extract, as one of these cosmopolite stories, that of The Grateful Beasts, which has the merit of tending to inculcate humanity towards animals.

A certain man, who had lost almost all his money, resolved to set off with the little that was left him, and travel into the wide world. Then the first place he came to was a village, where the young people were running about crying and shouting. "What is the matter?" asked he. "See here," answered they, 66 we have got a mouse that we make dance to please us. Do look at him: what a droll sight it is! how he jumps about!" But the man pitied the poor little thing, and said, "Let the mouse go, and I will give you money." So he gave them some, and took the mouse and let him run; and he soon jumped into a hole that was close by, and was out of their reach.

Then he travelled on and came to another village, and there the children had got an ass that they made stand on its hind legs and tumble, at which they laughed and shouted, and gave the poor beast no rest. So the good man gave them also some money to let the poor ass alone.

At the next village he came to, the young people had got a bear that had been taught to dance, and they were plaguing the poor thing sadly. Then he gave them too some money to let the beast go, and the bear was very glad to get on his four feet, and seemed quite happy.

But the man had now given away all the money he had in the world, and had not a shilling in his pocket. Then said he to himself, "The king has heaps of gold in his treasury that he never uses; I cannot die of hunger; I hope I shall be forgiven if I borrow a little, and when I get rich again I will repay it all."

• Then

• Then he managed to get into the treasury, and took a very little money; but as he came out the king's guards saw him; so they said he was a thief, and took him to the judge, and he was sentenced to be thrown into the water in a box. The lid of the box was full of holes to let in air, and a jug of water and a loaf of bread were given him.

Whilst he was swimming along in the water very sorrowfully, he heard something nibbling and biting at the lock; and all of a sudden it fell off, the lid flew open, and there stood his old friend the little mouse, who had done him this service. And then came the ass and the bear, and pulled the box ashore; and all helped him because he had been kind to them.

So

"See,"

'But now they did not know what to do next, and began to consult together; when on a sudden a wave threw on the shore a beautiful white stone that looked like an egg. Then the bear said, "That's a lucky thing: this is the wonderful stone, and whoever has it may have every thing else that he wishes." the man went and picked up the stone, and wished for a palace and a garden, and a stud of horses; and his wish was fulfilled as soon as he had made it. And there he lived in his castle and garden, with fine stables and horses; and all was so grand and beautiful, that he never could wonder and gaze at it enough. • After some time, some merchants passed by that way. said they, "what a princely palace! The last time we were here, it was nothing but a desert waste." They were very curious to know how all this had happened; so they went in and asked the master of the palace how it had been so quickly raised. done nothing myself," answered he, "it is the wonderful stone that did all." "What a strange stone that must be !" said they : then he invited them in and showed it to them. They asked him whether he would sell it, and offered him all their goods for it; and the goods seemed so fine and costly, that he quite forgot that the stone would bring him in a moment a thousand better and richer things, and he agreed to make the bargain.

"I have

Scarcely was the stone, however, out of his hands before all his riches were gone, and he found himself sitting in his box in the water, with his jug of water and loaf of bread by his side. The grateful beasts, the mouse, the ass, and the bear, came directly to help him; but the mouse found she could not nibble off the lock this time, for it was a great deal stronger than before. Then the bear said, "We must find the wonderful stone again, or all our endeavours will be fruitless."

• The merchants, meantime, had taken up their abode in the palace; so away went the three friends, and when they came near, the bear said, "Mouse, go in and look through the key-hole, and see where the stone is kept: you are small, nobody will see you.' The mouse did as she was told, but soon came back and said, "Bad news! I have looked in, and the stone hangs under the looking-glass by a red silk string, and on each side of it sits a great cat with fiery eyes to watch it."

'Then the others took council together, and said, “Go back

again, and wait till the master of the palace is in bed asleep, then nip his nose and pull his hair." Away went the mouse, and did as they directed her; and the master jumped up very angry, and rubbed his nose, and cried, "Those rascally cats are good for nothing at all, they let the mice eat my very nose and pull the hair off my head." Then he hunted them out of the room; and so the mouse had the best of the game.

Next night as soon as the master was asleep, the mouse crept in again, and nibbled at the red silken string to which the stone hung, till down it dropped, and she rolled it along to the door; but when it got there, the poor little mouse was quite tired; so she said to the ass, "Put in your foot, and lift it over the threshold." This was soon done: and they took up the stone, and set off for the water-side. Then the ass said, "How shall we reach the box?" But the bear answered, "That is easily managed; I can swim very well, and do you, donkey, put your fore feet over my shoulders ; — mind and hold fast, and take the stone in your mouth: as for you, mouse, you can sit in my ear."

After a time,

It was all settled thus, and away they swam. the bear began to brag and boast: "We are brave fellows, are not we, ass ?" said he; "what do you think?" But the ass held his tongue, and said not a word. " Why don't you answer me?" said the bear, << you must be an ill-mannered brute not to speak when you're spoken to." When the ass heard this, he could hold no longer; so he opened his mouth, and dropped the wonderful stone. "I could not speak," said he; "did not you know I had the stone in mouth? now 'tis lost, and that's your fault." my "Do but hold your tongue and be quiet," said the bear; "and let us think what's to be done."

Then a council was held: and at last they called together all the frogs, their wives and families, relations and friends, and said: "A great enemy is coming to eat you all up; but never mind, bring us up plenty of stones, and we'll build a strong wall to guard you." The frogs hearing this were dreadfully frightened, and set to work, bringing up all the stones they could find. At last came a large fat frog pulling along the wonderful stone by the silken string: and when the bear saw it, he jumped for joy, and said, "Now we have found what we wanted." So he released the old frog from his load, and told him to tell his friends they might go about their business as soon as they pleased.

Then the three friends swam off again for the box; and the lid flew open, and they found that they were but just in time, for the bread was all eaten, and the jug almost empty. But as soon as the good man had the stone in his hand, he wished himself safe and sound in his palace again; and in a moment there he was, with his garden and his stables and his horses; and his three faithful friends dwelt with him, and they all spent their time happily and merrily as long as they lived.'

Amusement of this description is to be found throughout the volume; which is enriched with many instructive antiqua

rian notes. The perusal of it will no doubt be a welcome pastime; while it may be favorable to the cultivation of some of the virtues, such as tenderness to dumb creatures, who are continually represented as moved by moral feelings, and sedulously grateful to their benefactors. The style has the attraction of simplicity, and is a good model of unaffected yet picturesque narration.

The Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations are selected from various German writers, without any specific statement of the sources consulted: but Veit Weber, Grimm, Laun, and Backzo, have furnished the principal contributions. A preference seems uniformly to have been given to stories in which the incidents have a terrific and horrible character: they are such tales as Raw-head might relate to Bloody-bones, and dedicate to the King of Terrors: they seem to have been composed in a charnel-house for the circulating library of the ghosts: in general, they have too frantic a character, push crime and miracle to the utmost verge of enormity, and compel imagination itself to resist illusion in order to escape from disgust.

In the first volume, Wake not the Dead is the most striking narrative. It is a vampire story, of which this passage may -serve as a specimen :

The art of the sorcerer had indeed bestowed upon Brunhilda an artificial life, and due nourishment had continued to support the restored body; yet, this body was not able of itself to keep up the genial glow of vitality, and to nourish the flame whence spring all the affections and passions, whether of love or hate; for death had for ever destroyed and withered it: all that Brunhilda now possessed was a chilled existence, colder than that of the snake. It was nevertheless necessary that she should love, and return with equal ardour the warm caresses of her spell-enthralled husband, to whose passion alone she was indebted for her renewed existence. It was necessary that a magic draught should animate the dull current in her veins, and awaken her to the glow of life and the flame of love a potion of abomination · to be named without a curse human blood, imbibed whilst yet warm, from the veins of youth. This was the hellish drink for which she thirsted: possessing no sympathy with the purer feelings of humanity; deriving no enjoyment from aught that interests in life, and occupies its varied hours; her existence was a mere blank, unless when in the arms of her paramour husband, and therefore was it that she craved incessantly after the horrible draught. It was even with the utmost effort that she could forbear sucking even the blood of Walter himself, as he reclined beside her. Whenever she beheld some innocent child, whose

not even