allies, which entered France in this direction, when it is known that the Austrian force disposable on the Upper Loire, exclusive of the armies from Italy, amounted to 100,000 men.* The advance of the main armies gave the numerous free corps assembled in Alsace and the Vosges mountains, opportunities to attack the line of the allied communication and carry off the baggage. But the continued advance of fresh troops, gave the allies an opportunity of organizing a sufficient force in. moveable columns, which soon cleared the country of these maurauders, who equally annoyed friend and foe; and whom the allies treated with great severity, as they exercised the greatest cruelties upon the allied troops who fell into their hands. In this difficult undertaking, the hardy and indefatigable Sons of the Don were employed; and whose perseverance soon ferreted out, and destroyed these troublesome bands. The disposition of a great part of the people of this part of France was, and had always been, most hostile and rancorous against the allies; and this hatred now showed itself in numerous instances, which brought down destruction on their heads. The villages of Hogentheim and Mulhausen gave the first example of the most shocking excesses. In the former, a German soldier, after having his eyes put out, was hung up alive. The most dreadful punishment followed upon the instant. The aged, the women, and the children, suffered with the wicked perpetrators. At Mulhausen, two soldiers were shot by a clergyman. His house was surrounded, and he was destroyed with it. Half a league from this, six huhlans inquired at a boy in a farm-house, the name of the next village-instead of answering, the man was shot from his horse. The boy was immediately cut down by the side of his mother. Similar was the conduct of the people in this part of France, and similar was their punishment. Wherever the allied troops met with resistance from the country people, every thing was destroyed. "For six days," said accounts from that quarter, the sky has been red every day with the flames of burning villages. Where a single shot is fired from them upon the allies, all is levelled to the ground. A dreadful judgment hangs over France-the crimes of preceding times are visited upon their descendants, who rival them in the commission of enormities." Indeed, in numerous instances, the French peo

Stewart's dispatch, Troyes, July 12th.

ple seem to have lost all sense of honour, justice, and regard for truth; and seemed to make these principles their sport. Such, at present, was the conduct of the garrison of Huninguen, and its infamous governor, Barbnegre. "Immediately after the abdication of Bonaparte became known," said General Bachman in an official proclamation, "his generals immediately sent for a suspension of arms-they promised no hostile operations should be undertaken, while that demand was considered; and yet, while these communications were transmitted to the proper authoritics, the French troops in Huninguen, without any reason, on the evening of the 28th, commenced the bombardment of Basle."* For this infamous conduct, he called upon the Swiss troops to arise and punish the authors of such injustice, and to put it out of the power of such an enemy to injure them. There was, indeed, no other way to deal with such lawless people; and if Huninguen had been razed to its foundations, and its garrison put to the sword, for such infamous conduct, it was no more than they deserved. It is only by the certainty of meeting with immediate and just retribution that such characters can be kept within the bounds prescribed by social order, or the law of civilized nations. Forgiveness for offences has no influence upon their obdurate hearts.

On the side of Italy, the career of Suchet was soon stopped. The arrival of the Austrian General, Frimont, with the Itali an army, above 60,000 strong, quickly changed the face of affairs in that quarter. Passing Mount St. Bernard, he descended the Rhone to St. Maurice, and pushing forward, soon cleared all the South bank of the lake of Geneva. Bubna followed with a further force over Mount Cenis, and took the direction of Grenoble; while an army of Austrians, Piedmontese, and some English troops, were preparing to enter France by Nice, upon the shores of the Mediterranean. This completely tied up the hands of Marshal Brune, stationed in that quarter, and prevented him from sending any assistance to Suchet. It was at this moment that Suchet communicated to the Austrian General the unexpected news of the abdication of Bonaparte, and solicited an armistice, which was granted for twenty-four hours, upon conditions that he should evacuate the whole valley of the

General Backman's official address, Basle, June 29th.

Arve. On the same day, Geneva was occupied, and the enemy driven from the heights of Savonen with considerable loss. At the same time, General Bubna advanced from Mount Cenis, and, on the 29th, attacked the tete-du-pont of Arly, near Conflans, which the enemy held with 3000 men. The Sardinian General, Dandesaire, occupied the enemy's attention on his right; while General Frank, with the Austrian regiment, Duvas, carried the position of the tete-du-pont by assault. In this affair the Austrians lost 1000 men. The Piedmontese behaved with great bravery. Continuing his advance, the positions of Conflans and Le Hopital were forced, and the enemy driven out of them. At the latter place, the defence was very obstinate; the allies three times took it by assault, and were three times driven back, but, finally, succeeded. The position of Aguibella was turned; and, without sustaining any loss, the allied army forced the enemy to abandon it. An armistice was solicited and granted for only forty eight hours, in consequence of which the Austrians occupied Montmelian, and the enemy Gregis, Tournouz, and Gily. At the same time, Suchet renewed with greater earnestness, his desire for an armistice; which General Frimont at last granted for three days, upon conditions that the enemy should give up the position of the Boges, the passage of the Rhone at Seissel, and abandon every post on that side, and retire upon Lyons with his army. Severe and humiliating as these conditions were, Suchet was forced to accept them. The armistice was not renewed, and the Austrian General immediately advanced upon Lyons. Fort l'Ecluse was taken. The fortified positions in the Jura mountains were abandoned by the enemy. The Austrian regiment of Esterhazy carried by assault a redoubt which commanded the high road from Geneva to Lyons, in which they took four guns, and one standard; considerable stores of all descriptions, also fell into their hands. General Frimont then continued his march upon Bourg en Bresse, where it was supposed Suchet would assemble his troops to oppose him. This, however, he did not find practicable, but fell back upon Lyons. There he issued a proclamation, stating his intention to defend Lyons to the utmost extremity. The Austrians quickly advanced, and put it in his

Stewart's dispatch, Nancy, July 6th.

power to do so. On the 8th, 1200 Austrians entered Bourg le Ain; and, on the 9th, 25,000 more entered the same place, part of whom had come from Lons le Saulnier, and the rest by Nantua and Pont le Ain. All moved forward on Lyons, against which other columns were advancing from other directions. Some resistance was made against the advance of the Austrian troops, but without effect. Macon was taken after a sharp engagement on the 11th, and Lyons was thus left open to an immediate attack. Thus situated, Suchet first levied a contribution of 600,000 livres, upon the place, and then entered into a capitulation, by which Lyons was surrendered to the Austrians. On the 17th, their troops entered that place, from whence they pushed their advanced divisions up the Saone, and towards the Upper Loire. Suchet retired with his army upon Montresson and Raonne; but before doing so, he issued a proclamation to the army, calling upon them to pay no attention to "the evil disposed persons," whose aim was to "alarm and agitate" their minds. He reminded them that he would prove a friend and a father to them; and that, for seven years, he had "always led them to victory;" and called upon them in the true French style of non chalance, to recollect that, "in this short campaign, the little army of the Alps had beaten the enemy in "* On the 6th, a severe attack was made upevery rencounter." on Grenoble by 3000 Austrian and Piedmontese troops; which were, however, repulsed, with the loss of 500 men. An armistice was then concluded for three days, when the Austrians resumed their operations against the place. The inhabitants remained in the greatest state of alarm, as La Motte, who commanded, refused to surrender the town. While these events, which we have related, were going on at Lyons, the Swiss had joined the allies; and their army, amounting to 21,000 men,t occupied a position from Morteau to Pontarlier, with light troops advanced on their right and left, to St. Hypolite and Salins. Jourdan, who had been sent by the Provisional Government to assume the command at Besancon, and the troops in that quarter, sent, on the 11th, an aid-de-camp to the Swiss General, Castella, to inform him of the submission of Besancon to the King's authority, and requesting, in consequence, a suspension

• Suchet's proclamation, Caliure, July 12th.

↑ Colonel Leake's dispatch, Pontarlier, July 12th.

of arms between his forces and the Swiss army. This was granted, upon condition that the French corps stationed at Salins, should be withdrawn, in order to allow the Swiss troops to move forward.

From this moment, the events which took place in France, can scarcely be reduced to any regular order. The whole appears a mass of confusion, through which scarcely any light is afforded to conduct the inquirer on his way. The humbled pride of the French nation refused to tell what took place, and the policy of the allies had the same effect with regard to them. Seated, however, again in the Thuilleries, as he now was, Louis XVIII. did not find himself in an enviable situation, nor in that state of apparent tranquillity in which he found himself on the preceding year. The capital and the country remained in the most dreadful state of alarm and agitation. The army refused to submit for a considerable time; and even when they did so, they did it in a manner that left their intentions very doubtful, and confirmed the fact that they did it with the deepest regret. All, or nearly all the fortified places refused to acknowledge the King's authority; till pressed by the allied arms, and driven to the necessity of either surrendering or of being taken by assault; their commanders then, and only then, in many instances, hoisted the white flag, pretending they acknowledged the King, and making a merit of saying, they did not give up the place to a foreign enemy. This French trick, however, had, in most instances, no effect with the allies, but particularly with the Prussians. It was not the hoisting of a flag would satisfy them for their toil, their labour, blood, and danger; and, accordingly, they continued the sieges of the various frontier towns, till these were forced to surrender. In some instances, the places thus taken were surrendered to the King's authority, and in others were retained by the conquerors. Paris, from the time of the capitulation till the time of its complete evacuation by the French armies, continued in the most dreadful state of agitation and alarm. Soldiers, mad from disasters, which had for ever stopped the carreer of their destructive pursuits-disappointed politicians, whose golden dreams of power were vanished-incendiaries of all descriptions; profli gates of every degree, for whom that capital had so long been