s to be prepared for captain Parry early in the ensuing spring; and in that vessel he is to proceed to "Cloven Cliff,” in Spitzbergen, in lat. 79 degrees 52 minutes (or about 600 miles from the pole), which he is expected to reach towards the end of May. From this point he will depart with two vessels, which are capable of being used either as boats or sledges, as water or ice is found to prevail. They are to be built of light, tough, and flexible materials, with coverings of leather and oil-cloth; the latter convertible into sails. Two officers and ten men are to be appointed to each, with provisions for ninety-two days, which, if they only travelled on the average thirteen miles per day, and met with no insurmountable obstacles, would be sufficient for their reach ing the long-desired pole, and returning to the Hecla at Cloven Cliff. Dogs or reindeer (the former preferable for drawing the sledges, when necessary, but the latter better for food, in case of accident or detention) are to be taken on the expedition. It is known that the summer temperature is far from being severe; there is perpetual light, with the sun continually above the horizon; and he knows, from experience, that the men on such occasions always very healthy. During his absence, the boats of the ship are to be engaged in exploring the eastern side of Spitzbergen; and the officers and men of science in making philosophical experiments with the dulum, on magnetism and meteoro logy, in natural history, &c. are pen RESULTS OF THE ARCTIC EXPEDITIONS. Dr. Jamieson has observed, that the four Arctic Expeditions, viz. that under captain Ross, and the three under captain Parry, afford the following general facts and inferences:-1. That the regions explored abound in primitive and transition rocks; and that, although the secondary rocks occupy considerable tracts, still their extent is more limited than that of the older formations; that the alluvial deposites are not extensive; that true or modern volcanic rocks were nowhere met with; and that the only traces of tertiary strata were found in the sandstones and clays connected with the secondary traps of Baffin's Bay. 2. That the primitive and transition islands were, in all probability, at one time connected together, and formed a continuous mass with the conti nental parts of America; and that in the plains and hollows of this land were deposited the secondary limestones, sandstones, gypsum, and coal, and upon these again the tertiary rocks. 3. That, after the deposition of these secondary and tertiary rocks, the land appears to have been broken up, and reduced either suddenly or by degrees, or partly by sudden and violent action, and partly by the long-continued agency of the atmosphere and the ocean, into its present insular and peninsular form; and that, consequently, the secondary and tertiary formations were formerly, in those regions, more extensively distributed than they are at present. 4. That, previously to the deposition of the coal formation, as that of Melville island, the transition and primitive hills and plains sup ported a rich and luxuriant vegetation, principally of cryptogamous plants, especially tree ferns, the prototypes of which are now met with only in the tropical regions of the earth. The fossil corals of the secondary limestones also intimate that, before, during, and after, the deposition of the coal formation, the waters of the ocean were so constituted as to support polyparia, closely resembling those of the present equatorial seas. 5. That previously to and during the deposition of the tertiary strata, these now frozen regions supported forests of dicotyledonous trees, as is shown by the fossil dicotyledonous woods met with in connexion with these strata, in Baffin's Bay, and by the fossil wood of Melville island, Cape York, and Byam Martin island. 6. That the boulders or rolled blocks met with in different quarters, and in tracts distant from their original localities, afford evidence of the passage of water across them, and at a period subsequent to the deposition of the newest solid strata, namely, those of the tertiary class. 7. That nowhere are there any discover able traces of the agency of modern volcanoes; and we may add, that in the Arctic regions the only known appearances of this kind are those in Jan Mayen's island de scribed by Scoresby. 8. That the only intimations of older volcanic action are those afforded by the presence of secondary trap rocks, such as basalt, greenstone, trap-tufa, and amygdaloid. 9. That the black bituminous coal, the coal of the oldest coal formation, which some speculators maintained to be confined to the more temperate and warmer regions of the earth, is now proved, by its discovery in Melville island, far to the west, and in Jameson's land, far to the T east, in Old Greenland, to form an interesting and important feature in the geognostical constitution of Arctic countries. 10. That the red sandstone of Possession Bay, &c., renders it probable that rocksalt may occur in that quarter. 11. That although no new metalliferous compounds have occurred to gratify the curiosity of the mineralogist, yet the regions explored by captain Parry have afforded various interesting and highly useful ores-such as octahedral or magnetic iron ore, rhomboidal or red iron ore, prismatic or brown iron ore, and prismatic chrome ore or chromate of iron; also the common ore of copper, or copper pyrites; molybdæna glance, or sulphurate of molybdæna; ore of titanium; and that interesting and valuable mineral, graphite or black lead. 12. That the gems, the most valued and most beautiful of mineral substances, are not wanting in the Arctic Regions visited by the expeditions, is proved by the great abundance of the precious garnet, which we doubt not will be found, on more particular examination of the primitive rocks, to present all the beautiful colours and elegant forms for which it is so much admired. Rock-crystal, another of the gems, was met with; and also beryl and zircon. 13. That these newly-discovered lands exhibit the same general geognostical arrangements as occur in all other extensive tracts of country hitherto examined by the naturalist; a fact which strengthens that opinion which maintains that the grand features of nature, in the mineral kingdom, are every where similar, and, consequently, that the same general agencies must have prevailed generally during the formation of the solid mass of the earth. leave the country; and, accordingly, after being permitted to linger a year in Ireland, for the arrangement of his private affairs, he embarked with his family for the United States of North America, where he arrived in June 1795. The French government had at this time a minister in Philadelphia; and Mr. Tone's first anxiety was to be introduced to this person, by his friend Mr. Hamilton Rowan. Citizen Adet received him kindly, and a negotiation touching the scheme of invading Ireland by a French army was forthwith opened. Mr. Tone appears to have felt no scruples whatever in commencing this treaty. He had given, he says, no parole to the government that spared his life. He proceeded, therefore, in his work, consulting, he tells us, at every step with Dr, Reynolds, Mr. Hamilton Rowan, and Mr. James Napper Tandy; and at length being supplied with money by Keogh, Russell, and others, in Ireland, and furnished with a letter to the Comité de Salut Public, by Citizen Adet, he sailed for France, there to hasten and conclude his treaty, and arrived at Havre-deGrace on the 1st of February, 1796. His negotiations proceed: The obtains a commission as chef& de-brigade, receives a month's pay in advance, and at last the expeditions of Hoche and Humbert are *fitted out. The result of these expeditions is well known. Tone was with the expedition to Bantry Bay, and the vessel in which he sailed escaped shipwreck as narrowly as any in the fleet, which the extraordinary hurricane of Christmas, 1796, so providentially dispersed and ruined. Upon returning to the continent, we find our chef-debrigade spending some months at the head-quarters of the army of the Meuse and Sambre, but never forgetful of his main purpose, and occupied, from time to time, in attempts to corrupt the British soldiers and sailors then in the prisons of France, with a view to embarking them in his next expedition. He had some success with the Irishmen among them; and thus describes his methods of dealing "I know the Irish a little. When every thing else is ready, let them send in a large quantity of wine and brandy, a fiddle and some French filles, and then, when Pat's heart is a little soft with love and wine, send in two or three proper persons in regimentals, and with green cockades in their hats, to speak to them, of whom I will very gladly be one. I think, in that case, it would not be very hard to persuade him to take a trip once more to Ireland, just to see his people a little."-Such his employments, until the expedition of Humbert was at length organized. 3 were The expedition sailed; and we need not dwell upon the issue. Tone was one of those who were taken, after a desperate resistance, in the Hoche, by the squadron under sir John Borlase Warren; he was recognised the second morning after he was put ashore, and sent to Dublin, where he was tried, and condemned. Incredible as it may seem, the barrister seems to have believed he was to escape, after all that he had done, simply by proving himself to be the bearer of a commission in the service of the French republic. He delivered a very flowery declamation upon this head, to which his judges paid due respect; and brigadiergeneral Tone, finding that, in spite of the uniform of the grande nation, he was bona fide ordered for execution, inflicted on himself a mortal wound the same evening in the gaol of Dublin. ANECDOTES of Dr. ADAM FERGUSSON.-(From the Quarterly Review.) DR. ADAM FERGUSSON, the author of the History of the Roman Republic, and distinguished besides as a moral philosopher, was the son of a clergyman at Loggierait, in Athol. He was himself destined to the church, took orders, and went as chaplain to the Black Watch, or 42nd Highland regiment, when that corps was first sent to the continent. As the regiment advanced to the battle of Fontenoy, the commanding officer, sir Robert Monro, was astonished to see the chaplain at the head of the column, with a broadsword drawn in his hand. He desired him to go to the rear with the surgeons, a proposal which Adam Fergusson spurned. Sir Robert at length told him that his commission did not entitle him to be present in the post which he had assumed. “Dn my commission," said the warlike chaplain, throwing it towards his colonel. It may be easily supposed that the matter was only remembered as a good jest ; but the future historian of Rome shared the honours and dangers of that dreadful day, where, according to the account of the French themselves, "the Highland furies rushed in upon them with more violence than ever did a sea driven by a tempest.” Professor Adam Fergusson's subsequent history is well known. He recovered from a decided shock of paralysis in the sixtieth year of his life, from which period he be came a strict Pythagorean in his diet, eating nothing but vegetables, and drinking only water or milk. He survived till the year 1816, when he died in full possession of his mental faculties, fat the advanced age of ninety-three. The deep interest which he took in the eventful war had long seemed to be the main tie that connected him with passing existence; and the news of Waterloo acted on the aged patriot as a nunc dimittis. From that hour, the feeling that had almost alone given him energy decayed, and he avowedly relinquished all desire for prolonged life. It is the belief of his family that he might have remained with them much longer, had he desired to do so, and continued the exercise which had hitherto promoted his health. Long after his eightieth year, he was one of the most striking old men whom it was possible to look at. His firm step and ruddy cheek contrasted agreeably and unexpectedly with his silver locks; and the dress which he usually wore, much resembling that of the Flemish peasant, gave an air of peculiarity to his whole figure. In his conversation, the mixture of original thinking with high moral feeling and extensive learning; his love of country; contempt of luxury; and, especially, the strong subjection of his passions and feelings to the dominion of his reason, made him, perhaps, the most striking example of the Stoic philosopher which could be seen in modern days. His house, while he continued to reside in Edinburgh, was a general point of re-union among his friends, particularly of a Sunday, where there generally met, at a hospitable dinner-party, the most distinguished literati of the old time who still remained, with such young per sons as were thought worthy to approach their circle, and listen to their conversation. The place of his residence was an insulated house, at some distance from the town, which its visitors (notwithstanding its internal comforts) chose to call, for that reason, Kamtschatka. ANECDOTES of DR. BLACK and DR. HUTTON.(From the same.) THE two chemists, Dr. Black and Dr. Hutton, were particular friends, though there was something extremely opposite in their external appearance and manner. They were both, indeed, tall and thin; but there all personal similarity ended. Dr. Black spoke with the English pronunciation, with punctilious accuracy of expression, both in point of manner and matter. His dress was of the same description, regulated, in some small degree, according to the rules which formerly imposed a formal and full-dress habit on the members of the medical faculty. The geologist was the very reverse of this. His dress approached to a quaker's in simplicity; and his conversation was conducted in broad phrases, expressed with a broad Scotch accent, which often heightened the humour of what he said. One day the two doctors had held some discourse together upon the folly of abstaining from feeding on the testaceous creatures of the land, while those of the sea were considered Las delicacies. Wherefore not eat snails?they are well known to be nutritious and wholesome even sanative in some cases. The epicures of olden times enumerated among the rich est and raciest delicacies, the snails which were fed in the marble quarries of Lucca: the Italians still hold them in esteem. In short, it was determined that a gastronomic experiment should be made at the expense of the snails. The snails were procured, dieted for a time, then stewed for the benefit of the two philosophers, who had either invited no guest to their banquet, or found none who relished in prospect the pièce de résistance. A huge dish of snails was placed before them; but philosophers are but men after all; and the stomachs of both doctors began to revolt against the proposed experiment. Nevertheless, if they looked with disgust on the snails, they retained their awe for each other; so that each, conceiving the symptoms of internal revolt peculiar to himself, began with infinite exertion to swallow, in very small quantities, the mess which he internally loathed. Dr. Black, at length," showed the white feather,' but in a very delicate manner, as if to sound the opinion of his messmate :-" Doctor," he said, in his precise and quiet manner- "Doctor, do you not think that they taste a little -a very little green?" "Dad |