posite, bay service. + Wood, sea-going. Iron, sea-going. § Composite, coasting. Wood, coasting. Wood, bay service. **Com N.B.-C.I. Compound inverted engines. The diameter and stroke are in inches. The fore-mast of the Bretagne is 46 feet; main-mast, 48 feet; and mizzen-mast, 48 feet; top-masts, 37, The Yosemite's masts are about 60 feet (deck to hounds), with top-masts of 30 feet. The Corsair's masts are 60 feet, and 28 feet top-masts. The Polynia's fore-mast is 46 feet above rail; inain-mast, 50; and mizzen, 44 feet. Area of Bretagne's sails is 25,000 square feet. Area of Henriette's sails is the same. The coal consumption of the Polynia at moderate speed is about eight tons per day; that of the Corsair about eleven tons; and of the Yosemite twelve tons. Wanderer. 708 185.4 29.2 16.1 100 Sunbeam... 532 159 27.6 13.9 Eothen... 340 152 Cecil.. 272 189 Cinderella 229 134 97 86.4 16.1 10 Gneta 86 95 14.1 7.9 70 C.I. 24 & 42 x 21 22.212.2 70 C.I. 23 & 40 x 30 20.811.3 45 C.I. 21 & 36 x 21 19.3 9.2 68 C.I. 17 & 34 x 20 174 130 17 9.3 45 C.I. 17 & 32 × 24 126 103.2 16.5 7.6 40 C.I. 15 & 36 x 18 8, 16 & 23 x 15* C.I. 10 & 20 x 18 C.I. 3 cylinders C.I. 9 & 18×9 IN. C.I. 25 & 50 x 30 3-mast. top-sail schr. 1878 Composite hull.+ 3-mast schooner 2-mast. pole schooner 1870 Wood, coasting. 90 1876 Steel, cabin launch.+ 2-mast. pole schooner 1877 Iron, coasting. Miranda. 54 45.5 6.5 70 + Auxiliary steam. § Speed, 20 miles. NOTE.-C.I. means compound inverted engines. S.I. means simple inverted engines. The diameter and number of cylinders and stroke are given in inches. STEAM-YACHTS. No strict classification of steam-yachts has been made, one type blending into the other as we pass from river craft to those designed to navigate the open sea. The steam-cruiser is an elongated craft with the ends more or less fined away and the bilge rounded off; the river-yacht a light cockle-shell with flaring sides, a sharp entrance and clean run, her lack of depth being made good by superstructures of joiner-work; and the high-speed launch assumes the form of a lean-ribbed racer with knife-like entrance and attenuated after-body, the total displacement being made up of the weights of hull and driving-power. The composite style of construction, iron-frames and wood-planking, has been successfully introduced wherever lightness and strength are of prime importance in the pursuit of high speed. Iron and steel hulls are also fast coming into favor. SPARS. MASTS are usually given one inch in diameter to every four feet of length, and booms and gaffs one inch to every five feet.* In schooners the position of the masts vary, the object to be arrived at being the balancing of the centre of effort of the sails and the centre of lateral resistance. In round-bodied vessels with great flare to the bows, the former should be brought slightly forward of the latter, whereas in narrow, deep, long-bowed vessels, it may be placed directly over the centre of lateral resistance. The rake of the masts of American yachts varies from one to eight to no rake at all. In English schooners the rake is about one to ten, and in their cutters the masts are stayed about plumb. Top-masts are generally half the length of the mast, and fitted to house when not needed. Fixed top-masts are used only in small river-craft. Fixed bowsprits of small yachts are made of rectangular section, with the longest side placed transversely. They are objectionable in sea-going yachts unless very short, and are falling into disuse. English yachts have running bowsprits which can be reefed or housed in bad weather, when a very small jib is carried. In American sloops the storm-jibs are hooked to an eye-bolt half way out on the bowsprit. * The mizzen of a yawl with gaff-mizzen is about half the hounded length of main-mast. Maats |