(7) Linkleter's Buoyant Deck Seats (Types C and D). (8) Linkleter's Buoyant Apparatus. (9) Linkleter's "Twin Lifebuoy." (10) MacTavish Patent Automatic Buoyant Deck Seat. (11) "Perry & Chambers" Single and Double Deck Seats (W, Gradwell & Co.). (12)* "Quidos" Buoyant Deck Chair (hammock type). VII. Foreign-going Passenger Ships. Buoyant apparatus does not form part of the statutory equipment of a foreign-going passenger ship. During the war, however, it was most desirable that every such ship should carry, in addition to the life-saving apparatus required by the statutory Rules, life-rafts, or some form of buoyant apparatus which would be free to float clear in a case of sudden foundering such as might have occurred when a vessel was torpedoed or mined. Such apparatus need not necessarily comply with General Rule 15 or with these Instructions. Surveyors should, if desired by shipowners or masters, give whatever assistance they can with regard to the provision and suitable stowage of such apparatus. VIII. Cancellation of Previous Instructions. Circular 1529 regarding the substitution of life-jackets and lifebuoys for buoyant apparatus is hereby cancelled and the arrangement set forth in paragraph 3 of that Circular will cease to have effect on the 1st January, 1919. C. SYLLABUS FOR TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION IN BOATBUILDING. During the recent war a revival of interest took place in boatbuilding, mainly due to the regulations of the Board of Trade insisting on a standard specification being recognised throughout Great Britain, and also to the increased demand for lifeboats. Previous to the year 1917 the most important of the yacht and boat builders well known for their high standard of workmanship and efficiency, were unable to compete under the prevailing conditions at that time. The trade has recently received a fresh impetus, and it is generally considered that better opportunities should be given apprentices to understand the details of construction of the various types of boats, and the associated theoretical considerations. There has been a tendency on the part of some firms to secure *Deck chairs do not come fully within the range of these Instructions. "Quidos" deck chairs may be passed if they are in accordance with the specification annexed to the certificate of approval, and if they are in good condition. the assistance of boys for the sole purpose of obtaining cheap labour, with the inevitable consequence that the boys have received a very inefficient training. To obviate the difficulties referred to, the boatbuilders of the Greenock district have given their hearty co-operation and sympathy to a scheme for the systematic education of their apprentices, and with the assistance of the local education authority, a boatbuilding class was commenced in 1917 with satisfactory results. The following syllabus was drawn up by the writer for the guidance of students : STAGE I. Materials used in Construction.-Explanation of the various kinds of timber used in boatbuilding, their qualities, growths, defects, diseases, methods of seasoning and preserving. Wrought iron, steel, copper, muntz metal, their respective qualities and where used in the structure of a boat. Tools. Explanation of various kinds used, operations performed by each, and the importance of exercising care in their upkeep. Practical Boatbuilding.-Details of building foundation, method of plumbing stem, etc. Explanation of details of combination, keel, keelson, hog piece, stem, sternpost, apron, and deadwood. Various kinds of scarphs used, and means of security. General description of process of planking, and difference in "clinker" and "carvel" methods. The use of the steam chest. The method of timbering. Details of the various fastenings, where and why used. Thwarts and side seats, how secured. Buoyancy air-cases, why fitted, and how constructed. Various types of gunwales and how constructed. Breasthooks and floors, where used and how secured. Stopwaters, where and how fitted. Use of lower seats, number required, and method of fitting. Plugs, where and how fitted. Details of stretchers, bottom boards, and gangboards. STAGE II. Materials, etc.- Iron, steel, and various metals used in boatbuilding, their composition, and tests to which they are usually subjected. Comparative strength and suitability of various kinds of timber for boatbuilding, and where used in the structure. Explanation of sap, wet and dry rot, maturity, conversion, and proper time for felling timber. Practical Boatbuilding.-Explanation of the various classes of lifeboats. Difference in detail between the open and pontoon lifeboats. Moulds, where used, and why. Lifting hooks and their keel connections. Square-sterned boats, details of working transom and method of fitting quarter badges. Precautions taken when using larch for planking. Suitability of using various gauges of fastenings. Details of rudders. Method of securing stem and skegbands. Life-lines, how secured. Details of fenders and how secured. Details of mast steps, hasps, etc. Method of measuring boat capacities and buoyancy air-cases. Details of masts. Theory.-Drawing to scale simple parts of the structure of a lifeboat, and enlarging from one scale to another. Calculation of volumes and weights of simple solids. STAGE III. Materials, etc.-Procedure taken in selecting timber and method of measuring. Comparative cost of various woods. Explanation of markings on foreign timber. Workshop Machinery.-Explanation of the general equipment of a boat-yard. Circular saw, band saw, planing and sandpapering machine, spindles, etc. their particular uses, methods of working, care of upkeep, dangers in working, and means adopted for protecting operators. Practical Boatbuilding.-Treatment of defects found in lifeboats as a result of wear and tear, and methods of repairing damage. Details of steel and nested boats. Methods of working double-skin planking. Details of engaging and disengaging gears. Boat stowage arrangements, and launching apparatus. Sail and rigging plans. Details of construction of pontoon and Class IIA open lifeboats. Details of towing bollards. Caulking and painting. Details of equipment and how stowed. The construction of motor launches, and precautions taken for the safety of passengers. Spar and oar making. Suitable scantlings for various types of boats. Methods of galvanising. Theory.-Explanation of rules for Life-saving Appliances, the influence of form on stability. Suitable dimensions for ships' boats. Explanation of the terms: stress, strain, shearing force, elastic limit, bending moment, buoyancy, displacement, centres of gravity and buoyancy, inclining experiment. Sheer plan, and method of fairing up a set of lines. Methods of making and setting up moulds. |