pit-wood, chemicals, gum, fish, tissues, and jewellery. Accn. There are two deep places for shipping in the river, with a depth from 20 to 30ft. A sife dft. to Bordeaux is 19ft, but at ST. vessels drawing 22ft can get up There are also several docks and buildingyards; two graving docks, a floating dry dock, a patent slip, a slip railway (at Lormont), and four gridirons for careening vessels. Cranes to lift from 3 to 50 tons. Charges. Buoy dues, sailing vessels 1d per ton per month, steamers d per ton for 14 days. Ballast 10 to 2/6 per ton. Tonnage dues 5d per ton from arrivals from Mediterranean and Europe, 10d per ton from all other parts. Temporary additional dues (on account of harbour works) 6d per ton on all arrivals. Coals from 20/ per ton. On a vessel of 400 reg. tons of 16ft dft., expenses about £20. Pilotage. Sailing ships or steamers, French or foreign. Ships proceeding to, or coming from ports between Nantes and Bayonne inclusive, Id ton of measurement if in ballast, and 2d ton of cargo if laden. Other ports of France and ports of Algeria 14d ton of measurement if in ballast, 34 ton of cargo if laden. French colonies and foreign ports 2d ton of measurement if in ballast, and 44d ton of cargo if laden. On vessel of 400 reg. tons drawing 16ft with cargo:Inwards from April 1 to Sept. 30-Sea to Verdon £2 128 74d; Verdon to Pauillac £2 125 74d; Pauillac to Bordeaux £3 5s 91d; total £8 11s ofd. Oct. 1 to March 31-Sea to Verdon £3 195; Verdon to Pauillac £2 125 74d; Pauillac to Bordeaux £3 5s 94d; total £9 178 5d. Outwards on same vessel £9 4s_4d. Towage. 6d to 7d reg. ton from Pauillac to Bordeaux. Eng. Brokers. T. Columbier, C. Delmestre, J. Duchon-Doris, H. Ferière, G. Masson, R. Vandercruya.

BORNHOLM, Denmark. Pop. 35,364.

Tr.-I. Coal,

timber; E Corn. Accn. Good anchorages. Depth at entrance 21ft. Cranes to lift 5 to 6 tons. Charges. On a vessel of 200 tons £8 Pilotage. Vessel of 300 tons, £1 11s 6d; 400, £1 17s 6d; 500, £2 25 3d; above 500, 2/3 for every ICO tons.

BOSTON, U.S. Lat. 42° 19′ N; long. 70° 75′ W. Pop. About 400,000. Tr.-E. Grain, flour, live cattle, beef, pork, lard, fish, ice, woollens, cottons, paper, boots and shoes, cordage, hardware, furniture, apples (300.000 barrels in 1886-7), and musical instruments, the trade in organs and pianos being very large. Accn. Harb. is very commodious, and vessels of 24ft dft. can lie alongside the new wharves, whilst 23ft at mean LW is the least depth in the harb. channel. There are three graving docks, 165ft, 250ft, and 355ft respectively in length, three floating dry docks for vessels up to 500 tons, a patent slip railway for vessels up to 1,100 tons, and another for vessels up to 600 tons. Charges. On a vessel of 161 tons, dft. 1oft £72 6s 6d. Pilotage. Foreign vessels are obliged to take the first pilot who offers his services, excepting those of 200 tons burthen or under, which having declined to take a pilot are only liable to pay half the regular fee. Vessels that have got within 1 miles of the outer light are not compelled to take a pilot. By law, the pilots in addition to the following rates are allowed to add 3%, which addition will be included, and must be paid with the pilotage: Inward. per foot, from May I to Nov. 1 from 10/1 to 19/, Nov. 1 to May 1, from 11/8 to 21/13; outward, from May 1 to Nov. 1, from 5/10 to 16/11,

from Nov. 1 to May 1, from 7/2 to 21/14 25 °, to be added to the rates of pilotage on vessels detained in quarantine over 12 hours. All national vessels of 15ft or less dft. of water 16/11 foot, over 15ft dft. 21/1 foot. The fee for hauling a vessel from the stream to a wharf (below the bridges), after the expiration of 24 hours from arrival is 16/11, and the same amount for hauling a vessel from a wharf to the stream, provided the vessel does not proceed to sea within 24 hours from the time of anchoring. Towage. On a vessel of 174 reg. tons from Pernambuco with cargo of sugar, outwards in ballast, inwards £1 98 74d.

BOULOGNE, France. Lat. 50° 44′ N; long. 1° 35′ E. Pop. 45,916. Tr.-I. Coal, cast iron, steel, machinery, flax and tow, cotton, wool; E. Cement, fruits, potatoes, flour, silks, wine, brandy, eggs. Accn. Floating dock. On the bar

at ST. about 28ft, NT. 17ft. Inside the harb. at ST. 19ft, NT. 12ft. Vessels drawing 28ft can enter dock at ST., and those drawing 22ft at NT. Owing to frequent heavy rise of sea and shifting sandbank bearing SW. from the jetty, no greater depth can safely be counted on than 22ft at ST., and 16ft at NT. A gridiron 251st long, and another 62ft long for small vessels. Steam cranes to discharge 800 tons per 10 hours. Charges. Port charges on a sailing vessel of 100 reg. tons £9 65; on a steamer of 300 tons £15 10s 6d. Commission and brokerage 5%. Pilotage. Sailing vessels, in or out, loaded 2d ton, in ballast 1d; steamers half this charge. Vessels having more than one-third of their cargoes pay full rates. Vessels w ndbound or in distress pay two-thirds. Towage. 3d. per reg. ton. Eng. Brokers. G. Dewismes, G. Huret, L. Sellier.

BRAAKE, Germany. Tr.-I. Timber and lumber from the Baltic and United States, cedar, mahogany, coal, pig-iron, fire-bricks, slags, flint, china clay, slates, corkwood, tar, grain, hemp, and nitrate; E. Sugar, moss litter, cork, bottles, German coal, coke, steel rails, iron in bars, all kinds of machinery, tobacco, and manufactures. Accn. Vessels drawing 18ft can enter the harb., a good dock 80cft long, 350ft wide, provided with a lock and offering every facility for shipping. The dock has been enlarged by a side basin 700ft long, and 150ft wide. Two graving docks, 313ft and 343ft in length. This is a free port. Labour and all supplies are cheap. Ballast about 11 ton. Cranes to lift to 20 tons. Pilotage. From April 16 to September 15, 117 for every 3ft dft.; from February 16 to April 15, and September 16 to November 15 about 3/4 foot; and from November 16 to February 15 about 3/4 foot. For vessels piloted into dock, a compulsory rate is charged:up to 90 reg. tons 3/11, up to 120 reg. tons 4/10, up to 150 reg. tons 5/10, above 150 reg. tons 7/10. Out of dock :-up to 90 reg. tons 2/4, up to 120 reg. tons 3/24, up to 150 reg. tons 3/11, above 150 reg. tons 5/2.

BREMEN, Germany. Lat. 53° 48' N ; long. 8° 8' E. Pop. 115,000. THW. 1h 40m; Sp. rise 11ft. Tr.I. Chiefly tobacco, coffee, sugar, cotton, coal, iron, petroleum, yellow metal, machinery, rice, skins, dye woods, wines, timber, hemp; E. Woollen goods, linen, glass, wheat, beaus, sheep, rags, wool, oil-cake, wooden toys. Accn. 3 large docks and 5 dry docks. Vessels of 22ft dft. can enter any one of the docks. Cranes to lift 1

to 40 tons. Charges. Dock dues 2d ton per month. Vessel of 120 reg. tons, with cargo, drawing 1oft, about £8. Commission collecting freight 1 to 1%. Pilotage. Inwards or outwards. On a vessel of 120 reg. tons summer rate £3 6s 4d; winter rate 50% higher. Towage. Tugboats are generally obtainable some distance outside the quay buoy. Captains generally make the best bargain they can, irrespective of rates, which are, on outward-bound vessels from Bremerhaven to the lighthouse, from March 16 to November 15, 31d, November 16 to March 15, 41d reg. ton; for vessels from Bremerhaven to sea, from March 16 to November 15, 6d, November 16 to March 15, 74d reg. ton.

BREMERHAVEN, Germany. Pop. 14,797. Accn. Three large docks and five dry docks. Generally sufficient water for vessels drawing up to 28ft. Cranes to lift from 2 to 50 tons. Charges. Port dues, ad per cubic metre per month. Sea Pilotage. Inward, per metre: from February 16 to April 15, 5s 5d; April 16 to September 15, 1 38 6d; Sep. 16 to Nov. 15, £1 5s 5d; Nov. 16 to Feb. 15, 1 11s 2d. Outwards: March 1 to April 15. 1 os 1d; April 16 to Sep. 16, 13/5; Sep. 16 to Oct. 31, 1 os Id; Nov. 1 to March 1, 1 6s 1cd. Harbour Pilotage. For ships up to 250 c. metres, 6; 250 to 500, 7/6; 500 to 1,200, 11/6; 1,200 to 2,000, 15/6; 2,000 to 3,000, 18/; 3,000, 23/.

BREST, France.

Lat. 48° 23′ N; long. 4° 29′ W. Pop. 70,780. Tr.-I. Principally coal, cement, timber, hemp, flax, and guano; E. Almost confined to barley, potatoes, and farm produce. Accn. Five basins or inner harbs. The outer harb. has a uniform depth of 27ft at LT. The average depth of water in the basins is-No. 1, LT. deepest part 7ft, HW. 19ft; No. 2, LT. 9ft, HW. 31ft; No. 3, the same as No. 2; No. 4, with gridiron, HW. between 10 and 12ft; No. 5, at LW. between 25 and 26ft, HW. in proportion. There are nine graving docks, owned by the Government, two gridirons, and one careening wharf. As a port of refuge Brest stands almost unrivalled in Europe. Cranes to lift from 1 to 5 tons. Charges. Dues on shipping 5d per ton. All goods landed pay Id package. Quay dues 50c reg. ton. Charges on a vessel of 450 tons with cargo in and ballast out, about £25. Brokerage is heavy. Pilotage. Inwards on a vessel of 300 reg. tons landing about 450 tons of cargo, and leaving in ballast £5 8s 6d; outwards £2 8s. Eng. Brokers. A. Castagni, B. E. Corre, Denis, R. Jouve.

BRIDGEPORT, U.S. Lat. 41° 0′ 9′′ N ; long. 73° 14′ 25′′ W. Pop. 32,000. Accn. Vessels of 18ft can cross outer bar at high water. Narrowest width of channel 300ft. Charges. 2. Pilctage. 4/2 ft. Towage. £1 to £5, according to size.

BRIDGEWATER, N.S. Lat. 44° 14′ N; long. 64° 19′ W. Tr.-E. Wood, bark, deals, and boards. Accn. The bar inside of Mosier's Island has 19ft of water at NT. and 21ft at ST. about 15 miles from entrance. Vessels can load here to 16ft; if drawing more than that they load off wharf in channel, where there are 24ft of water. Pilot necessary. Charges. Labour 5/ and stevedore 6/ day. Hospital dues id ton. Harb. master's

fees 4/2 to 16/8. No harb. dues. tons, 20ft dit., up the river £3. vessel, from £1 os 10d to £7 6s.

Pilotage. On vessel of 888 reg.
Towage. According to size of

BRINDISI, Italy. Lat. 40° 39′ 27′′ N ; long. 17° 58′ 45′′ E. Pop. About 20,000. Tr.-I. Coal, sugar, coffee, wheat, and flour; E. Olive oil, wine, and country produce. Accn. Vessels drawing 25ft can lie alongside quays; no dry dock accommodation, but the harb. is safe and large. Charges. Expenses of a steamer of 1,250 tons net reg., with a cargo of 2,200 tons of coal inwards, empty outwards, 3 to 4 days in port, about £160. Pilotage. From 15s rod for vessels of from 1 to 100 reg. tons, to £2 198 3d for vessels of 1,001 tons and upwards inward. Sailing vessels pay the same outward, but steam pay half rate outward, 3s 114d for mooring ship, and 3s 114d to pilot-boat for assisting. BRISBANE, Australia. Lat. 27° 28′ S; long. 153° 6' E. Pop. 51,680. Tr.-I. General merchandise; E. Coal, sheep, wool. Accn. Vessels of 20ft come to wharves with good tides. Charges. Wharfage 2s per ton; ballast 4s 6d; per ton; entering and clearing at Custom House, £2 25. Pilotage. Above bar 6d per ton, above pilot station 5d per ton.

BRUGES, Belgium. Pop. 46,274. Tr.-I. Wool, cotton, dye-wood, wine, grain, coal, salt, wood, metals, &c.; E. Lace, cattle, chicory, oak bark, rags, bones, marble, fruits, and hay. Accn. Average depth 15ft; vessels drawing 13ft can easily pass through. Charges. On a vessel of 92 tons, about £9 7s (via Ostend). Towage. By horses. 2 horses cost 16/ to 20/; 3, 20 to 24/; and 10d to conductor.

BRUNEI, Borneo. Lat. 4° 52′ 40′′ N; long. 114° 55′ 20′′ E. Pop. 15,000 Tr.-I. (Almost entirely from Singapore). Cotton cloths, gold thread, brassware, iron, rice, opium, tobacco, salt, earthenware, gunpowder, &c.; E. Sago flour, indiarubber, gutta percha, bees' wax, birds' nests, hides, and sharks' fins. Accn. Vessels of 20ft dft. can at HW. safely ascend to the town. Charges. By treaty with Great Britain a duty of $1 ton is leviable on British shipping in lieu of all other charges. Pilotage. No pilots obtainable.

BRUNSWICK, U.S. Lat. 43° 55′ N; long. 69° 57′ W. Pop. 7,500. Tr.-E. Lumber, cotton, timber, naval stores, moderate shipments of staves, shingles, cross ties, wool, hides, tallow, &c. Accn. Vessels can cross the bar with 20ft water NT., and 23ft ST. Distance from bar to Brunswick 13 miles. Pilotage. For St. Simon's Bar and Turtle River, foreign vessels not exempt by treaty with United States 50% additional. Varies from £2 ios 9d (bar) and £1 5s 4 (river) to £27 9s 93 (bar), and £13 145 10}d (river), according to dft. A deduction of 20% on these rates made on pilotage of steam vessels. Towage. 7d ton on loaded vessels.

BRUSSELS, Belgium. Lat. 50° 51′ N; long. 4° 20′ E. Pop. 410,000. Tr.-I. Biscuits, preserved goods, cement, wine, timber, cheese, cotton goods, wood, &c.; E. Plate and window glass, iron, sugar, marble, glassware, candles, nails, &c. Accn. Is connected with Willebroek by a canal with sufficient depth of water to allow vessels and steamers drawing not more than 1oft to come up to the city. Crane to lift 15 tons. Charges.

350

THE SHIPPING WORLD YEAR BOOK.

No dock, wharf, or light dues. For a vessel of 100 tons, ballast out, £5 4s 10d. Pilotage. From Antwerp to canal:--

From entrance of canal to Brussels, 9/6}.

BUDRUM, Turkey. Lat. 37° 1′52′′ N ; long. 27° 27′ 35′′ E. Accn. Harb. about a quarter of a mile wide, inside it is well sheltered. It can take vessels of 18ft dft. The anchorage in the outer bay is in 11 fms.

BUENAVENTURA, U.S. Columbia. Lat. 3° 49′ 28′′ N ; long. 77° 10' 40" W. Pop. About 1,100. Tr.-I. Salt, garlic, straw hats, hammocks; E. Cocoa, rum, sugar, hides, tobacco. Accn. Vessels of 24ft dft. can reach the town. Pilotage. Can be obtained at Basan Point, the N. point of the entrance.

BUENOS AYRES, Argentine Republic. Lat. 34° 36′ S. ; long. 58° 22′ W. Pop. About 190,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, lumber, hardware, dry goods, wines, provisions, and manufactured goods; E. Wool, hides, tallow, horns, bones, &c. Accn. Buenos Ayres is situated 100 miles from the ocean, and is reached by a river 30 miles wide at the city. In front of the city are two anchorages, the inner and the outer roads, which are both open to S. E. and E. winds. Vessels discharge in the roads and at the Mole. There is a graving dock 272ft in length for vessels of large size, and also a marine railway for large vessels. Charges. Mole tariff, sailing vessels of 151 tons and upwards 60 cents per ton daily, lighters from the roads 10 cents, steamers half-rates, sailing vessels entering and leaving in ballast half-rates; light dues 8 cents per reg. ton, harbour dues 16/8. Pilotage. From the roads to the Bocca, in or out £2 165. Towage. Do. £5. (See also Monte Video.)

BUNDER ABBASS, Persia. 17' 1" E.

Lat. 27° 10' 29" N; long. 56° Pop. fluctuates from 6,000 to 8.000. Tr.-I. Chicory, glass and glassware, metals, piece goods, spices, sugar, and tea; E. Corn, cotton, carpets, drugs, dyeing materials, dried fruits, dates, opium, silk, cloth, wool, woollen shawls, &c. Accn. The anchorage is in 3 fms, a mile off the town, and for a large ship in 4 to 5 fms, about 2 miles off.

BUSHIRE, or ABU-SHEHR, Persia. Lat. 28° 59′ 7′′ N; long. 50° 50' 3" E. Pop. About 12,000. Tr.I. Coffee, candles, oil, chicory, cutlery, glass and glassware, indigo, metals, spices, piece goods, sugar, and tea; E. Corn, cotton, carpets, drugs, dyeing materials, dried fruits, dates, hides and skins, horses and mules, opium, rosewater, seeds, silk, tobacco, and wax. Accn. The anchorage called Outer Roads is in 4 fms about 6 miles off, town bearing E. by N. The anchorage called Inner Roads is about 24 miles off town. Vessels drawing 13ft can enter these roads. Shears to lift