18ft; by choosing a proper time of tide those drawing 20ft can pass through. Geelong is about 48 miles SW. of Melbourne. Charges. Light dues 6d ton; ballast 3/3 ton; expenses of a vessel 560 tons £20.

GEFLE, Sweden. (Gulf of Bothnia.) Lat. 60° 40' N ; long. 17° 7' E. Pop. About 20,000. Tr.-I. Salt, grain, coal, &c.; E. Planks and iron. Accn. The outer harb. (5 miles from the town) will admit vessels drawing 19 to 20ft, the inner harb. vessels of 131ft. Vessels above 20ft have to anchor at Bonan, about 8 miles from Gefle. A patent slip nearly 900ft in length. Charges. On a vessel of 250 tons £17. Pilotage. On a vessel of 250 reg. tons, from a foreign port in ballast, and bound to a foreign port with cargo, from sea, 12ft 1 45 24d; to sea, 15ft £1 10s 4d; on the river, mooring vessel 3/21.

GEMLIK, Turkey. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-I. Coals, salt, &c.; E. Olive oil, olives, chromate ore, wheat, antimony, ore, barley, salted fish barrels, sardines, &c. Accn. Harb. has about 15ft water alongside wharf Gemlik is the regular port of

Brussa.

GENOA, Italy. Lat. 42° 24′ 18′′ N ; long. 8° 54′ 24′′ E. Pop. 180,000. Tr.-I. Cotton and woollen goods, machinery, cochineal, indigo, grain, hides, sugar, coal and coke, wines, spirits, coffee, and iron; E. Olive oil, hemp, flax, rice, fruits, vermicelli, cheese, steel, velvets, silk damask, gloves, flowers, paper, soap, marble, and jewellery in silver and coral. Accn. Genoa is the chief commercial seaport of Italy, and the largest vessel can enter harb.; there are two piers. There is a graving dock 285ft long, a floating dry dock 320ft long, and a slip 246ft in length, for wessels up to 1,200 tons. Cranes to lift 2 to 10 tons. Charges. Anchorage dues ifr per ton on steamers, 80 centimes per ton on sailing vessels. Other disbursements light. Pilotage. Ships drawing 9ft and under £1 5s 4d, more than 9ft per 3ft 10/9. Out ward, half above rates. Vessels with their dft. of water painted on the bows or stem pay for the highest mark, and not for what they may actually draw. Towage. As per agreement.

GEORGETOWN, Demerara. Lat. 6° 50' N ; long. 58° 12' W. Pop. 35,000. Tr.-I. Breadstuffs, provisions, lumber, shingles, shooks, slates, rice, tobacco, liquors, manufactured goods, and coal; E. sugar, rum, molasses, hardwood, timber, greenheart, old iron and copper, Wallaba shingles. Accn. Only Loft on the bar at LW., but vessels drawing 17ft can cross it at HW. The river is navigable at HW. for vessels drawing 12ft as far as Leekie, 65 miles from the entrance. Dry dock 230ft. Cranes lifting up to 15 tons. Charges. Tonnage dues, &c.: Vessels above 70 tons 74d ton. Harb. master's fee 1d ton. Expenses of a vessel of 353 tons about £45. Pilotage. From £2 1os for 1oft or under to £15 8s 4d for 20ft or under. For vessels shifting moorings in the river 12/6. Vessels arriving to try the market and not coming to an entry are exempted, unless they take a pilot. Towage. 500 tons: 16ft £20 16s 8d; 17ft £25 17ft £29 38 4d, with £4 35 4d additional for every 100 tons up to 1,000 in each case; 18ft £33 6s 8d, with £6 5s additional for every 100 tons up to 1,000; 18ft £33 10s, with £8 6s 8d additional for every too tons up to 1,000. Vessels drawing 17 ft or less, or not exceeding 600 reg. tons, will only be towed as far

SHIPPING WORLD

as the chequered buoy on the outer edge of the bar. Use of steamer's warp £2 is 8d, provided it is engaged previously to the vessel leaving.

GEORGETOWN, P.E.I. Lat. 46° 8′ 47′′ N; long. 62° 27′ 40′′ W. Tr.-I. All kinds of general merchan dise; E. Timber, barley, oats, potatoes, fish, &c. Accn. The harb. has 17ft to 28ft about half a mile from town, 6ft at pier-end at LW.; Sp. rise 8ft, N. 5ft.; well protected from winds and has safe anchorage for 500 ships. Pilotage. Inwards 2/6 foot, outwards 1/3 foot; not compulsory.

GHENT, Belgium. Lat. 51° 3′_N; long. 3° 44′ E. PopAbout 130,000. Tr.-I. Cotton, colonial produce, tin, machinery, manufactured goods, pig-iron, copper, rape seed, guano, coals, salt; E. Flax, tow, fruit, hops, marble, white lead, refined sugar, chicory, rags, rape oil, linseed and rapeseed cake, grain, shoddy, potatoes, bark, linen, butter, flax-waste, &c. Accn. Bridges and sluices of the canal have a width of 40ft. Can receive into its docks vessels drawing 16ft. Cranes 12 to 15 tons. Charges. On vessel drawing 11ft, cargo in and ballast out, £21 18s. Pilotage. On vessel of 200 reg. tons, 11ft dft.; from sea to Terneusen (winter £4 15s) £4. Harb. pilotage to Terneusen 6/11; Terneusen to Ghent 1 os 4d; Terneusen to sea, 8ft (winter £1 12S) £1 8s 6d. Towage. On vessel of 200 reg. tons, 11ft dft., from Ghent to Zelzaete 77; into Ghent dock 4/6. Brokers. Edmond Minné, De Ceunyk. (See Advt.)

GIBRALTAR. The new Mole Head is in lat. 36° 07′ 17′′ N; long. 5° 20′ 49′′ W. Pop. About 20,000. THW. 1h 47m; Sp. rise 4ft; N. rise 24ft. Tr.-I. Cotton, linen, woollens, hardware, coal, iron, silk, tea, tobacco, staves, coffee, grain, flour, petroleum, timber, &c.; E. Wools, lead, copper. Accn. Vessels of any size can anchor in the bay in 3 to 25 fms, the only danger in entering being the Pearl Rock with 1oft water on it. Charges. Under 600 tons 10 c. per ton, 700 tons £2 11S each vessel, 800 tons £2 15s, 1,000 tons £3 35, 1,500 tons £4 35, 1,800 tons and upwards £5.

GIJON, Spain. Lat. 43° 35' N ; long. 5° 57′ W. Pop. 7,000. Tr.-I. Hardware, pig-iron, &c.; E. Nuts, coals, butter, and ores. Accn. Vessels drawing 11ft can lie alongside the quay of inner port. Tidal harb. dry at LW. Charges. Town dues rod ton. Pilotage. Every vessel above 50 tons is compelled to take a pilot and a boat with a crew of nine men, for which the following charges are made :-From 50 to 150 tons, pilot and boat, summer 1 os 10d, winter £15s; above 150 tons, summer 15s, winter £1 9s 2d. The pilot is compelled under a penalty to moor the vessel well and efficiently. Vessels taking coast pilots ought not to accept their services to bring the vessel to the bar before making an economical agreement, in writing, if possible, to save disputes. Towage. For a boat towing 3 miles, or part of that distance, in or out, from or to the bar 73d man. GIRGENTI, Sicily. Lat. 37° 16' 55′ N; long. 13° 32′ 27′′ E. Pop. 22,000. Tr.—I. Čoals, iron, timber, sugar, coffee, spirits, rice, and petroleum; E. Sulphur in great quantities, almonds, salt, shumac, and locust beans. Accn. A good harbour, depth 3 to 4 fms. Pilotage. I to 80 reg. tons 6/4; 81 to 100, 11/10; 101 to 200, 15/10; 201 to 400, 19/8; 401 and upwards Li 3s 9d. If the vessel requires to be anchored outside, or to

come into the harb., it has to pay full charges. If the vessel has anchored outside without a pilot, and requires the assistance of one of them to come in the harb., the full charge has to be paid. If a vessel has been anchored outside by a pilot, and afterwards comes into the harb. with the pilot's assistance, the master has to pay full charges for the anchorage, and half the charges for the assistance of coming in. If the vessel has employed a pilot in anchoring outside the roads, or coming into the harb.-going out with the pilot's assistance-only half charges have to be paid. If no pilot has been employed, and one is required, full charges have to be paid. Steamers which like to be anchored by a pilot pay 1-5th less than sailing vessels. Towage. From 7/11 to 19/9. GLOUCESTER, U.S.A. Pop. 21,713. Accn. Harb. safe and deep enough for largest vessels. Depth varies from 22 to 16ft. Rise of tides-springs, 10ft; neaps 9ft. Pilotage. Vessels drawing 11ft-out, per ft 6/3; in, 6/3; 12ft— out, 11/10; in, 7/5; 13ft-out, 12/3; in, 13 or 14ft 8/4; 14ft-out, 14/4; 15ft-out, 14/7; in, 8/9; 16ft-out, 14/9; in, 9/4; 17ftout, 15/7; in, 10/5; 18ft-out, 15/10; 19ft-out, 16/8; 20ft— out, 17/8; 21 to 25ft-out, £1 os 6d. Towage. Vessels of 300 tons and upwards from wharves to sea, from £2 Is 8d to £4 3s 4d; from stream to wharf £2 15 8d to £3 2s 6d.

GLUCKSTADT, Germany. (Near the mouth of the Elbe.) Lat. 53° 51' N; long. 9° 20′ E. Pop. 6,000. Tr.-E. Oil-cake, &c. Accň. 18ft of water in outer and from 14ft to 18ft in inner harb. at HT. Charges. Cost of lighterage between here and Hamburg 2/ ton. Pilotage. 11d foot. In and out by agreement, 20/ for a vessel of 67 reg. tons.

GOA, India. Lat. 15° 30' N; long. 73° 54' E. Pop. 21,000. Tr.-I. Piece-goods, raw silk, sugar, &c.; F. Cotton, hemp, pepper, cocoa-nuts, betel-nuts, and salt. Accn. Anchorage in 4 to 5 fms. There are 13ft on bar of river, at low water, during fine season.

GONAIVES, Hayti. Lat. 19° 25′ 42′′ N; long. 72° 42′ 52′′ W. Pop. About 8,000. Tr.-E. Mahogany, coffee, cotton, lignum vitæ. Accn. A fine harb. Anchorage about a quarter of a mile off the shore in 3 fms. Pilotage. About 20/ in or out.

GOREE, Africa. Lat. 14° 39′ 55′′ N; long. 17° 24′ 20′′ W. Pop. 5,000. Tr.—I. Perfumes, soaps, wines, earthen and glass ware, paper, &c.; E. Skins, gold dust, ivory, wax, gums, palm oil, &c. Accn. A small harb. Can receive vessels of about 1oft dft. Pilotage. 94d reg. ton.

GOTHENBURG, Sweden. Lat. 57° 42' 4" N; long. 11° 57' 45" E. Pop. About 90,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, bacon, manufactures of silk, linen, and cotton, petroleum, machinery and implements, salt, and colonial produce, &c.; E. Iron and steel ores, wood, grain, dairy produce, cattle, paper, matches, soap, &c. Accn. Has two shipbuilding yards for sailing vessels, and three for steamers, two of which have patent slips, and one a dry dock. Vessels not drawing more than 16ft go up alongside quays. Shears to lift 18 tons, and cranes 50 tons. Charges. On a vessel of 162 reg. tons about £22. Pilotage. When entering to Gothenburg by Winga, and vice verså, for vessels of 8ft dft., from

SHIPPING WORLD

12/2 in summer, May 1 to Sept. 30, and 15/3 in winter, Oct. to April 30, to £2 2s 10d and £2 135 5d respectively for vessels of 22ft dft. Towage. No tariff, according to agreement.

GRANVILLE, France. Lat. 48° 50′ 7′′ N ; long. 1°35′ 57′′ W. Pop. About 20,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, lumber, hemp, tar, &c.; E. Eggs, salt fish, oysters, &c. Accn. A floating basin; Sp. rise 37ft; N. rise 274ft; mean NT. range 171ft; the floating basin can receive vessels of the largest tonnage. The approaches to this port are very dangerous at LW. Repairs of every kind can be effected, and shipbuilding is extensively carried on. Cranes to lift 5 tons. Charges. Brokerage 5d ton. Dues and charges on a vessel of 151 tons of 13ft dft. 17 10s. Pilotage. On vessel of 151 reg, tons, coals in and ballast out, drawing 13ft, loaded, in and out £2 Is 6d. Eng. Brokers. C. Guillebot, J. Lemaniché.

GRAVELINES, France. Lat. 51° 0' N; long. 2° 6' E; about 12 miles SW. of Dunkirk. Pop. 6,000. Tr.I. Coals, &c.; E. Liqueurs, timber, salt fish, &c. Accn. A small tidal harb., accessible to vessels of 14ft to 16ft dft.; a dock that will accommodate vessels drawing 16ft, and 33ft broad. 14ft to 16ft HWST.; 11ft LWST. Shipbuilding is carried on, and there is a gridiron for vessels up to 250 tons. Charges. Harb. dues Id ton. Pilotage. On a brig of 216 reg. tons, cargo in and ballast out, drawing 14ft 7in, loaded, in and out £3 17s. If the pilot be detained on board, he is paid 2/44d day, with victuals. Towage. On a brig of 216 reg. tons, cargo in and ballast out, drawing 14ft 7in, loaded, three horses towing, 12/3. Eng. Broker. Parisis.

GREENSPOND, Newfoundland. Lat. 49° 4' N; long. 53° 33′ W. Tr.-I. Salt provisions and general merchandise; E. Salted fish and seal oils. Accn. The harb., on SE. side of island, is small, and only capable of receiving vessels under 14ft dft., and rather dangerous. With favourable weather vessels drawing 16ft may enter. Charges. Light dues 1/ ton. Charges for dunnage wood, labour, &c., moderate. Pilotage. As per agreement.

GREIFSWALD, Germany. (On the Rick, 2 miles from the Baltic.) Lat. 54° 5' N; long. 13° 21' E. Pop. 18,000. Tr.-E. Wheat, &c. Accn. Vessels drawing 11ft to 12ft can reach the harb. A slip for vessels up to 650 tons. Charges. Expenses on a vessel of 134 tons drawing 12ft, about 10 55. Pilotage. On vessel of 134 reg. tons, ballast in, and cargo out, 12ft dft., in 30; river pilot and two horses, in 11/3, ditto 9; to sea 30/.

GRONINGEN, Holland. Lat. 53° 13' N; long. 6° 34' E Pop. 50,000. Tr.-I. Coal, wood; E. Corn, cattle. Accn. Tidal harb. with depth of water on bar about 2 fms at LW., and 3 to 4 fms at HW. Vessels drawing 14ft can reach the port vid Delfsyl. Charges. Harb. dues nearly id per reg. ton. Sand ballast 1/6 for two tons alongside. Brokerage outward 1%, inward 1% Chartering commission 3%. Pilotage. For vessel drawing 1oft in summer 1 16s 8d, winter £2 8s 4d. Towage. 7d Dutch ton. GUAYAQUIL, Ecuador. Lat. 2° 11' 21" S; long. 79° 43′ W. Pop. About 34,000. Tr.-I. Cottons, woollens, wines, spirits, liqueurs, groceries, soap, flour, lard, metals,

ironware, earthenware, linens, and stationery; E. Cocoa, cotton, coffee, straw hats, timber, bark, hides, tob cco (annual value £1,250,000), ivory, nuts, canes, sarsaparilla, and indiarubber. Accn. Vessels drawing 22ft can reach the city. Charges. Wharfage: vessels of 100 tons, 1 135 4d per day; 8/4 extra upon every 100 tons up to 400 tons, and 12/6 for every 100 tons above 400. Pilotage. From Puna 8/4 foot; out to Punta Arenas 10/5 foot.

GUAYMAS, Mexico. Lat. 27° 54′ N; long. 110° 49′ 10′′ W. Pop. 10,000. Tr.-E. Plumbago, ore, &c. Accn. Good harb; landlocked, and well protected. Depth from 6 to 7 fms. Pilotage. 75 3d foot each way. Charges. Tonnage dues, 4s 2d ton when loaded; in ballast, free.

HACKODATE, Japan. Lat. 41° 47′ 8′′ N; long. 140° 45′ 34′′ E. Pop. 41,571. Tr.-I. Woollen, linen, and cotton stuffs, velvet, and sugar; E. Wood, hides, deer-horns, tow, kombu (seaweed), iriko, awabir, dried fish, cuttlefish, oil, salmon, cod, herrings, fish manure, sulphur, &c. Accn. Good roadstead. Anchorage in 5 fms. Pilotage. 1 os 10d per vessel,

HALIFAX, N.S. Lat. 44° 39′ 38" N; long. 63° 35′ 10′′ W. Pop. 40,000. Tr.-I. Colonial produce, manu factured goods, &c.; E. Dried and pickled fish, lumber, coals, flour, butter, oats, potatoes, gypsum, deals, oils, furs, &c. Accn. Harb. is one of the finest in America, can be entered by the largest vessels, and is seldom closed by ice. There are numerous wharves alongside which vessels load and discharge their cargoes in from 10 to 15 fms. Tides rise Sp. 8ft; N. 6ft. Movable cranes 15 tons. Charges. Labour 74d to 10d per hour. Stone ballast 1/8 ton. Water d per gall. Commission on disbursements and freights 2 Pilotage. Under 200 tons in, £1 13s 4d, out, £1 Os 10d; 200 to 300 in, £2 5s 10d, out, £1 9s 2d; 300 to 400 in, £2 18s 4d, out, £1 175 61; 400 to 500 in, £3 6s 8d, out, £2 Is 8d; 500 to 600 in, £3 15s, out, £2 5s 1od; over 600 tons 2/1 inwards, and 1/6 outwards additional for every 100 tons. Outward pilotage for all vessels of 200 tons and upwards is compulsory. Towage. From Chibucto Head, £4 5s 4d to £8 10s 8d, as agreed upon, or £2 Is 8d hour.

HAMBURG, Germany. (On the Elbe.) Lat. 58° 32′ N; long. 9° 58' E. Pop. About 520,000. THW. 6h. Tr.-I. Coffee, cocoa, rice, sugar, coals, cotton, wool, manufactured goods, machinery, guano, saltpetre, &c.; E. Manufactured goods, salt, sugar, cattle, dairy produce, wines, spirits, &c. Accn, Depth varies. Vessels of 20ft dft. can ascend at HW. Now that the new harbour works, costing £6,000,000, are completed, the dredgers employed at the works will be released to further deepen the bar at Blankenese, and Hamburg will then be the greatest harbour on the Continent. Charges, 10pf (about 5 farthings) per cubic metre. Pilotage. In winter, from Oct. 1 to Mar. 31, from sea to Gluckstadt or Bosch 11/4 per H.ft. From April 1 to Sept. 30, 7/41. Vessels remaining at Cuxhaven, the charges are 9/51 and 6/3 respectively per foot. Towage. Per agreement. Vessels of 1,000 tons are usually charged £25 to 30 from the lightship to Hamburg, and from Gluckstadt to Hamburg about £10.