14ft on the bar at LT. Sp. rise 8 to 1oft. From the entrance to the town 4 to 5 fms. Charges. Dues and charges on a barque 371 reg. tons drawing 13ft 2in, £72 9s 11d. Pilotage. On a barque of 371 reg. tons; ballast in and cargo out, 13ft 2in dft. loaded: up and down to Natal 10 8s 4d, Guarapes and back £8 6s 8d.

NEDER CALIX, Sweden. Lat. 65° 50' N; long. 23° 10' E. Tr.-E. deals, &c. Accn. Vessels of 18ft dft. can ascend as far as the town. Charges. On a vessel of 450 tons ballast inward, deals out, £50 9s 8d. Pilotage. On a vessel of 303 reg. tons, ballast in and cargo out, in, from Maloren 12ft, 1 Is 1d; out, 17ft, £2 Is 3d.

NELSON, New Zealand. Lat. 41° 15′ 35′′ S; long. 173° 16′ 58" E. Pop. 7,500. Tr.-I. General merchandise; E. Wool, gold, flax, hops, grain. Accn. Vessels of 18ft to 20ft dft. can enter at HWST. Charges. On a barque of 500 reg. tons cargo in and ballast out, £41 165. Pilotage. Steamers not ex. 150 tons 4d; from 150 to 250 tons 4d on 150 tons, and 24d ton on excess over 150 tons in or out; from 250 to 400 tons 34d on 250 tons and 2d ton on excess over 250 tons in or out; ex. 400 tons 3d on 400 tons and Id ton on excess over 400 tons in or out. After annual pilotage, steamers under 240 tons, 1 each way, 240 tons and upwards Id ton in and out; sailing vessels from 50 to 250 tons 4d, 250 to 400 tons 5d, ex. 400 tons 6d ton; vessels towed into and out of harb. by steamer are entitled to a reduction of one half the above rates. For removing any steamer or sailing vessel within the harb., from 50 to 250 tons id, and from 250 tons and upwards td ton. Towage. On a barque of 502 reg. tons, cargo in and ballast out £16 135.

NEUHAUS, Germany. Pop. About 2,000. Tr.-I. Coals, wood, &c.; E. Cement, bricks, tiles, &c. Accn. Vessels of 1oft dft. can enter the harb., and those of 15ft dft. can load in the river Oste. Charges. River dues on a vessel of 50 tons 4/. Harb. dues the same. Pilotage. 2/ per ft.

NEW BEDFORD, U.S. Lat. 41° 38′ 6′′ N; long. 70° 54′ 31′′ W. Pop. About 27,000. Tr.-I. General merchandise, coal, and staves; È. Oils, fish, whalebone, &c. Accn. Vessels of 16ft dft. can enter the inner harb. or pool at LW. Charges. Wha1fage dues 10d 100 tons per day. Pilotage. 9/4 foot, inwards and outards. Towage. As per agreement. NEW ORLEANS, U.S. Lat. 29° 57′ 45′′ N; long. 90° 9′ W. Pop. About 250,000. Tr.-I. Manufactured goods, salt, iron, wines, coffee, fruit, and coal; E. Cotton, tobacco, flour, grain, corn, pork, &c. Accn. The S. Pass has 26 to 30ft; the S. W. Pass has now only 13ft. The construction of the jetties at the S. Pass enables vessels to load up to 26ft. Since the jetties were made the other Passes have gradually filled up, and are not now used, except for very small vessels. Charges. Harb. master's dues, £4 each vessel, steam or sail. Pilotage. Bar, over 1oft dft. 19/ foot cach way; river, from inside the bar to the city, and vice versâ, £8 9s 2d, up and down. Ships of war and steamships are the only vessels requiring the services of river pilots. Towage. From bar to city, and city to bar 3/34 ton.

NEW WESTMINSTER, Brit. Col. Lat. 49° 13' N ; long. 122° 53′ W. Tr. I.-General merchandise; E. Lumber, fish, canned and salted salmon, ships' spars of the finest quality, and minerals. Accn. The town, which is 15

miles from the bar of the river, can be reached by vessels of 18ft dft Pilotage. Pilotage compulsory. No rates given. Towage. From Royal roads and return for a vessel of 700 tons about £62 10s. NEW YORK, U.S. Lat. 40° 42' N ; long. 74° 8' W. Pop. About 2,500,000. Accn. There are 70 piers for shipping on the W. and 90 on the E. side of the city. Vessels drawing 23ft can lie at some piers at HW. Charges. No light dues are payable by British vessels. Wharf dues id ton per day up to 200 tons, 1/4 per 100 tons above 200. Pilotage. Viâ Sandy Hook, from April 1 to Nov. 1. Minimum, inwards, 6ft dft. 15/91; outwards, 6ft dft. 11/64 foot; off shore 1 35 5d. Maximum, inwards, 25ft dft. 1 7s 51d; outwards 1 os 2d foot; off shore £8 11s 9d. From Nov. 1 to April 1, 16/11 additional. Detention 12/8 day. For taking vessels from upper to lower quarantine, for vessels having had death or sickness on board, double outward rates; for vessels from sickly ports, but having had no sickness on board, single outward rates; for vessels from new quarantine to New York, half inward rates; vessels from lower to upper quarantine, quarter rates; vessels from upper quarantine to New York, quarter rates. Towage. Transporting ship not ex. 200 tons £2 25 31d, 400 tons £3 38 54d, 600 tons £3 11s 10ąd, 800 tons £4 4s 7d, 1,000 tons and upwards £3 3s 54d to £4 4s 7d; North to East river, and vice versa 1 Is Id. Hauling to and from wharf 12/81.

NEWCASTLE, New South Wales. Lat. 32° 55′ 15′′ S; long. 151° 49' 15" E. Pop. 65,000. Tr.-I. Manufactured goods, hardware, glass and earthenware, &c. ; E. Coal, coke, wool, copper, tallow, hides, and country produce. Accn. Vessels drawing 22ft can safely enter; 21ft on the bar; tide rises 2ft N. and 5ft Sp. Cranes to lift 15 to 25 tons. Charges. Harb. light rate 4d reg. ton half-yearly. Dues and charges on a vessel 1,300 tons reg., ballast in and coal out, about £247. Pilotage. From and to sea 4d reg. ton. Vessels under 300 tons whose masters do not hold an exemption certificate have to pay £2 10s pilotage each way, whether having the services of a pilot or not. Removals:-from 20/ for vessels under 300 reg. tons to 50/ for vessels of 1,000 tons, and 60/ for those exceeding 1,000 tons. Towage. From sea 8d per reg. ton. Removals as follows:— From 20/ for vessels of 200 reg. tons to 60/ for vessels of 701 tons and over, with 10/ for each intermediate 200 tons; steamers up to 500 and under 600 reg. tons 70/, over 600 and under 1,000, 80/, over 1,000, 100/ per removal.

NEWCHWANG, China. Lat. (entrance buoy) 40° 35′ 26′′ N ; long. 121° 58′ 24′′ E. Pop. 60,000. Tr.-I. Opium, sugar, and cotton; E. Beans, bean oil, bean cake, castor oil, brown silk, hemp, tobacco, jute, felt, indigo, furs, hides. Accn. Least depth on the bar at LWST. 7ft; Sp. rise 11ft or 12ft, and N. rise 7ft or 8ft. The anchorage is opposite the town, about 800yds wide, with great depth of water. Charges. No local; tonnage dues same as Canton. Pilotage. £1 foot.

NEWHAVEN, U.S. Lat. 41° 14′ 52′′ N ; long. 72° 54′ 35′′ W. Pop. About 70,000. Tr.-I. Rags, paper, crockery, rails, iron, coal, &c.; E. Mules, hoops, staves, ammunitions of war, &c. Accn. Vessels of 18ft dft. can discharge alongside the wharves. Charges. Health dues 1 os. 10d. Pilotage. On foreign vessels at the rate of 3/3 foot; from 9 to 12ft, 4/2

foot; from 12 to 15ft and over, 6/3 foot. Towage. About £2 25 3d for brigs and schooners, and £3 3s 51d to £6 6s told for barques and ships; from Newhaven to New York, 71 miles LIO IIs 5 d.

NEWPORT, U.S. Lat. 41° 28′ 22′′ N; long. 71° 21′ 14′′ W. Pop. About 11,000. Tr.-I. Lumber, W.I. goods, general merchandise; E. Nil. Accn. Vessels of 18ft dft. can lie close to the pier at LW. Vessels of the largest tonnage can enter the port. Pilotage. Compulsory on vessels under reg. Inwards, 5/2 to 14/7 foot, and 1/0 extra for winter; outward, from 4/2 to 6/3 foot.

NICE, France. Lat. 43° 42' N ; long. 7° 17' E. Pop. About 77,500. Tr.-I. Wheat, brandy, wines, and coal; E. Olive oil, confections, perfumery, oranges, cement and plaster. Accn. The harb. has a superficial area of about 38,000 sq yds, and will shortly be enlarged to double its present size. It is well protected and easy of access. Mean depth of water 22ft. Charges. Harb. dues, including tonnage and quay dues, 5d per reg. ton. Excellent fresh water can be obtained. Pilotage. £1 11s 9d for every vessel; putting ships alongside quay 7/11d. Eng. Broker. J. Salvy.

NICOLAIEFF, Russia. Lat. 46° 58′ 20′′ N; long. 31° 58' 36" E. Pop. About 90,000. Tr.-I. Coals, cement, iron, machinery, and general merchandise; E. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, linseed, rapeseed, sugar, wool, iron ore, and timber. Accn. Vessels drawing 14 or 15ft can always pass the bar without lightening, and the channel has been dredged to a minimum depth of 20ft. Charges. On a steamer of 1,200 reg. tons, dft. 18}ft, about £66. Pilotage. 2/ per foot in and out.

NICOLAISTAD, Russia. Lat. 63° 4′ 3′′ N; long. 21° 43′ E. Pop. 7,000. Tr.-I. Salt, coals, and general merchandise; E. Tar, pitch, cattle, corn, and general provisions. Accn. In inner roadstead close to the town, there is a depth of 15ft to 16ft; the quays are accessible to vessels of 12 and 13ft dft. Pilotage. Between Ronnskaren and Wasa, a vessel 161t dft. pays £3, and between Norrskaren and Wasa, 20ft dft. £4 19s. These rates are augmented 25 per cent. from September 15 to May 10. Towage. Steamtug can always be had for harb. service.

NINGPO, China. Lat. 29° 55' N; long. 127° 30' E. Pop. 300,000. Tr.-I. Cotton and woollen manufactures, opium, dried fruits, &c. ; E. Tea, raw cotton, medicines. Accn. Vessels of 17ft dft. can enter town at half tide. Sp. rise 9ft. Charges. Tonnage dues 2/6 per ton for vessels over 150 tons. Pilotage. It is advisable to write and engage a pilot beforehand. Steamers 12/6 per ft, sailing vessels 16/8 per ft, from Square Island to Ningpo, and vice versa. Towage. No steam tugs. NORFOLK, U.S. Lat. 36° 51' N; long. 76° 19′ W.

Pop.

25,000. Tr.-I. Salt, phosphate, iron, tar, oil, &c.; E. Cotton, grain, staves, timber, and cattle, coals, meat, tobacco, and general western produce. Accn. The channel has 24ft of water OT. Pilotage. Varies from 10/6 foot for vessels of 1oft dft. and under, to 18/4 for any dft. over 16ft. Vessels coming to Hampton Roads, seeking, in ballast, only half rate in and half rate out; but if they are chartered in the State they will have to pay usual full rates in and out. This law is compulsory, but no

master of a vessel coming from sea is compelled to take a pilot after arriving within the line at which Cape Henry bears W. of S., &c. Towage. Hampton Roads to Norfolk, or vice versa, 350 tons £4 4s 7d, shifting 1 5s 4d, 1,000 tons 10 IIS 51d, shifting £2198 24d, 2,000 tons £14 16s old, shifting £5 14s 21d, and other sizes in proportion.

NORRKOPING, Sweden. Pop. About 29,000. Tr.-I. Coals, soda, cotton, wool, wine, porter, tools, engines, sugar, coffee, tobacco; E. Deals, battens, bar-iron, sails, pig-iron, matches, oats, paper, &c. Accn. Vessels of 15ft dft. can anchor near the quay. Good dry dock, wharf, and facilities for executing repairs. Charges. Port charges for sailing vessels and steamers 3d ton. Pilotage. For a vessel drawing 15ft entering from sea at Arko Beacon 4 25, entering at Hafringe Light £4 16s, entering at Haradskar Light £6 4s, and less in proportion for every foot less dft. These rates are from April 16 to Sept. 16. During the winter season the charge is 25 per cent. more. Towage. According to arrangement, from £3 to £10. NYHAMN, Sweden. Lat. 61° 12' N ; long. 17° 10' E. Accn. Vessels of 17ft dft. can easily enter harb.

ODESSA, Russia. Lat. 46° 29′ N; long. 30° 44′ E.

Pop.

About 280,000. Tr.-I. Coal, iron, machinery, tobacco, manufactured goods, earthenware, tea, coffee, and other colonial goods, &c. (sadly hampered by heavy customs duties and other obnoxious formalities); E. Grain, linseed, wool, tallow, cattle, &c. Accn. Best artificial Russian harbour in the Black Sea, the depth of water being up to 24ft. The harbour is formed by several stone piers and a long breakwater, which protects it from northerly gales. Very good anchorage in the inner roads. Charges. On a vessel 900 to 1,000 tons ballast in, cargo out (grain) £79 78 Id. Almost daily communication with Constantinople by mail steamers. 3 days from London by rail. Pilotage. By agreement. On a barque of 364 reg. tons entering in ballast, leaving with cargo of wheat, in and out, 16ft 2in dft. 2 8s 9d.

ONEGA, Russia. Lat. 63° 54′ N; long. 38° 8' E. Tr.-I. Machinery, fish, salt, &c.; E. Deals. Accn. At HW. there are 1oft on the bar, and LW. 3ft. Charges. Tonnage dues 2d ton. Pilotage. In and out 1 ton. Towage. To or from the ballast place £2 8s 9d each way. OPORTO, Portugal. Lat. 41° 8' 48" N; long. 8° 37′ 0′′ W. Pop. About 90,000. Tr.-I. Iron, beef, sugar, coffee, rice, hemp, flax, dried fish, coal, codfish, stationery, hardware, cottons, woollens and every description of fancy and manufactured goods, besides colonial produce; E. Wine, oil, shumac, butter, cabinet-work, fruit, wool, cream of tartar, salt, leather, and cork. Accn. The depth on bar is uncertain, but it is not safe for any vessel of more than 16ft dft. to cross. Charges. On vessel of 107 tons £24 7s. Pilotage. Varies, according to the state of tides and weather, say from £7 10s, out and in, to £12 according to tonnage. Steamers are charged much less. When a pilot is detained off the bar he has to be paid 4/ a day. Towage. Across the bar, in or out, from £6 15s to £10 25 6d. From 1764 tons to 220 tons £11 5s, 220} to 265 £12 7s 6d, 309 to 353 tons 13 10s, 397 to 442 tons 15 155, 443 tons 18 and upwards. River service: 88 to 176 tons £375 6d, 1761 to 265 tons £4 10s, 309 and upwards £5 12s 6d.

ORAN. Lat. 35° 44′ 21′′ N; long. 0° 41' 2" W. Pop. 75,000. Tr.-I. Manufactured goods, wine, butter, and cheese; E. Wheat, barley, cotton, wool, seeds, esparto grass, cattle, hides. tobacco. Accn. Old and new harbs., formed by an inner and outer mole. Least depth in old harb. 18ft, av. depth in new harb. 30ft. Charges on a vessel of 200 reg. tons £8. Pilotage. On British vessel of 200 reg. tons £1 5s. Eng. Brokers. Kuhlmann, Ricca fils, Roux, Saunier.

OSCARSHAMN, Sweden. Lat. 57° 16' N ; long. 16° 28' E. Pop. About 5,800. Tr.-I. Coals, rye, flour, and colonial goods; E. Pit props, planks, staves, battens, and oats. Accn. Small harb., which can admit vessels of 19ft dft, excellent anchorage, and good dry dock. Charges. Harb. duesId ton; custom-house dues 14d; light dues, 4d cargo, 2d ballast. Pilotage. In and out, for vessels of 13ft dft. 1 6s 6 d. Towage. For vessels of 200 tons reg., in and out, about £2 105.

OSTEND, Belgium. Lat. 51° 15′ N; long. 2° 26' E. PopAbout 20,000. THW. oh 25m; Sp. rise 19ft; N. 15ft. Tr.-I. Coal, salt, colonial produce, manufactured goods, guano, and timber; E. Corn, cloves, seed, cattle, fruits, potatoes, flax, &c. Accn. Vessels drawing 16ft can always enter at HW., and some drawing 20ft have gone in during ST. 6ft on the bar at LW., and same inside the harbour. Sp. rise 14 to 16ft; N. rise 11 to 12 ft. Ostend ranks second in importance among the Belgian ports. Cranes to lift 10 tons. Charges. On a vessel of 259 tons £25 Is 9d. Pilotage.

for vessel about 17ft 6in dft. Vessels calling and not performing any commercial operation pay half the above; towed vessels and steamers a little less. Towage. Charges for first hour or fraction thereof:-A ship under 100 tons 31/6, two or more vessels under 100 tons 47/6, every vessel above 100 and under 200 tons 35/6, 200 and under 300 40/, 300 and under 400 44/, above 400 tons 60. For each hour or fraction of an hour after the first hour, whatever the number or tonnage of the vessels, 15/10}.

OTAGO HARBOUR or PORT DUNEDIN, New Zealand. Lat. 45° 47' S; long. 170° 45′ E. Tr.-I. Coal, railway materials, manufactured goods, &c.; E. Gold, wool, timber, potatoes, grain. Accn. The average depth at LWST. in Otago north or main channel is 18ft; mean rise at HW. about 18ft. Vessels not over 14ft discharge at Dunedin wharves. Charges. Light dues 3d to 6d ton. Port charges, halfyearly 2d to 6d ton. Harb. master's fees id ton. Wharfage, steamers d, sailing d ton. Pilotage. In and out, sailing vessels without a tug 6d, steamers 4d; sailing vessels with a tug 4d reg. ton. In addition to these rates there is a charge of 15/ day for the first 3 days, and 10/ day after the first 3, for any period that a pilot might be detained on board any vessel, whether by stress of weather, quarantine, or otherwise. Vessels in distress, and whaling vessels