sion "lighthouses" shall, in addition to the meaning therein assigned to it, include sirens and all other descriptions of fog signals; and the expression "new lighthouse" shall include the addition to any existing lighthouse of any approved light, or any siren, or any description of fog signal.

Repeals.-Section 6 is the last in the Act, and merely repeals Section 48 of the Seamen's Fund Winding-up Act, 1851, and Section 4 of the Merchant Shipping (Fees and Expenses) Act, 1880. MERCHANT SHIPPING (LIFE SAVING & APPLIANCES) ACT, 1888. Section 1. Obligation of owners and masters to carry boats and other appliances in British merchant ships for saving life.

Section 2. Authority of Board of Trade to appoint a consultative committee for framing rules under Act. Tenure of office, &c. Sections 3 and 4. Power to make rules as to life-saving appliances, and penalties provided for breach of rules.

Sections 5, 6, and 7. Power of Board of Trade to inspect and enforce rules. Rules not to apply to sea-fishing boats. Power provided to proceed for breach of other Acts.

Sections 8, 9, and 10. Repeals after first publication of rules, sections 292, 293, and 294 M. S. A., 1854, as to boats to be carried, except so far as they relate to sea-fishing boats, registered under Sea Fisheries Act, 1868. Repeals section 27 of Passengers Act, 1855, from the beginning to words "immediate use at sea"; and repeals section 15 M. S. A., 1873.

Sections 9 and 10. Construction and short title of Act.

Schedule I of Act specifies constitution of committee and number of representatives from Chamber of Shipping, Liverpool and Glasgow Associations, Council of Naval Architects, Shipmasters' Societies, Seamen's Societies, Lloyd's Committee, Lloyd's Register Society and Committee of London Underwriters.

Schedule 2. Matters for which rules are to provide, including arrangement of British ships into classes; boats, buoys, and other apparatus and appliances to be carried.

RULES MADE BY THE BOARD OF TRADE.

(Which came into effect on November 1, 1890.)

For the purposes of these rules, British ships shall be arranged into the following classes :

:

DIVISION (A)-Class 1.-Steamships carrying emigrant passengers, subject to all the provisions of the Passengers Acts." Class 2.-Foreign-going steamships having passenger certificates under the "Merchant Shipping Acts." Class 3-Steamships having passenger certificates under the "Merchant Shipping Acts" authorising them to carry passengers anywhere within the hometrade limits; that is to say, between places in the United Kingdom, or between the United Kingdom and ports in Europe between the River Elbe and Brest.

DIVISION (B).- Class 1.-Sailing ships carrying emigrant passengers subject to all the provisions of the "Passengers Acts." Class 2.-Foreign-going sailing ships carrying passengers, but not subject to all the provisions of the " Passengers Acts.' Class 3.-Foreigngoing sailing ships not carrying passengers. Class 4-Foreigngoing steamships not certified to cary passengers.

DIVISION (C).-Class 1.-Steamships not certified to carry

SHIPPING WORLD

passengers plying anywhere within the home-trade limits. 2.-Sailing ships in the same trades not carrying passengers.

Class

DIVISION (D).-Class 1.-Steamships having passenger certificates authorising them to carry passengers within certain specified limits of the home-trade; that is to say, on short specified passages along the coasts of the United Kingdom, or between Great Britain and Ireland, or between Great Britain or Ireland and the Isle of Man. Class 2.-Steamships carrying passengers on short excursions or pleasure trips, to sea, or in estuaries or mouths of rivers during daylight. Class 3.-Steamships carrying passengers on rivers (and) (or) lakes, but not going to sea or into rough waters. DIVISION (A).-CLASS I.-Rules and Tables for steamships carrying Emigrant Passengers, subject to all the provisions of the "Passengers Acts."

(a) Ships of Division (A), Class 1, shall carry boats placed under davits, fit and ready for use, and having proper appliances for getting them into the water, in number and capacity not less than prescribed by the following table; such boats shall be equipped in the manner required by and shall be of the description defined in the General Rules appended hereto.

(b) Masters or owners of ships of this class claiming to carry fewer boats under davits than are given in the following table must declare before the collector or other officer of Customs, at the time of clearance, that the boats actually placed under davits are sufficient to accommodate all persons on board, allowing 10 (ten) cubic feet of boat capacity for each adult person, or statute adult." (c) TABLE for DIVISION (A),

Class 1.

66

Gross Tonnage.

Minimum Number of

Boats to be placed
under Davits.

Total Min. Cubic Con-
tents of Boats to be
placed under Davits.
L. x B. x D.

x 6.

Gros Tonnage.

Minimum Number of
Boats to be placed
under Davits.
Total Min. Cubic Con-
tents of Boats to be
placed under Davits.
L X B. × D. X 6. |

Note.-Where in ships already fitted the required cubic contents of boats placed under davits is provided, although by a smal.er number of boats than the minimum required by this table, such ships shall be regarded as complying with the rules as to boats to be carried under davits.

(d) Not less than half the number of boats placed under davits shall be boats of Section (A) or Section (B). The remaining boats may also be of such description, or may, in the option of the shipowner, conform to Section (C), or Section (D), provided that not more than two boats shall be of Section (D).

(e) If the boats placed under davits in accordance with the foregoing Table (c) do not furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, then additional wood, metal, collapsible or other boats of approved description (whether placed under davits or otherwise) or approved life rafts shall be carried. One of these boats may be a steam launch; but in that case the space occupied by the engines and boilers is not to be included in the estimated cubic capacity of the boat.

Subject to the provisions contained in paragraph (g) of these rules, such additional boats or rafts shall be of at least such carrying capacity that they and the boats required to be placed under davits by Table (c) provide together in the aggregate three-fourths more than the minimum cubic contents required by column 3 of that Table. For this purpose 3 cubic feet of air case in the life raft is to be estimated as 10 cubic feet of internal capacity. Provided always that the rafts will accommodate all the persons for which they are to be certified under the Rules.

All such additional boats or rafts shall be placed as conveniently for being available as the ship's arrangements admit of, having regard to the avoidance of undue encumbrance of the ship's deck, and to the safety of the ship for her voyage.

(f) In addition to the life-saving appliances before mentioned, ships of this Class shall carry not less than one approved life-buoy for every boat placed under davits. They shall also carry approved life-belts, or other similar approved articles of equal buoyancy, suitable for being worn on the person, so that there may be at least one for each person on board the ship.

(g) Provided, nevertheless, that no ship of this class shall be required to carry more boats or rafts than will furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board.

DIVISION (A).-CLASS 2.

Ships in this Class shall be subject to the same requirements as those in Division (A), Class 1.

DIVISION (A).-CLASS 3.-Rules for steamships having passenger certificates under the "Merchant Shipping Acts," authorising them to carry passengers anywhere within the Home Trade Limits, that is to say between places in the United Kingdom, or between the United Kingdom and ports in Europe between the River Elbe and Brest.

(a) Ships in this Class shall carry boats placed under davits in accordance with the rules and table provided for ships in Division (A), Class 1.

(b) If the boats placed under davits in accordance with this requirement do not furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, then additional wood, metal, collapsible, or other boats of approved description (whether placed under davits or otherwise), or approved life-rafts, shall be carried of at least such cubical capacity that they and the boats required to be placed under davits by Table (c) provide together in the aggregate one-half more than the minimum cubic contents provided by column 3 of that Table.

(c) Provided that if (having regard to the avoidance of undue incumbrance of the ship's deck, and to the safety of the ship for her voyage) it is not practicable for any ship of this Class to carry all the additional approved boats or approved life-rafts required by the preceding sub-section (b), the deficiency so caused may be made up by the supply of an equivalent number of approved buoyant deck seats or other approved buoyant deck fittings.

(d) Ships of this Class shall carry not less than six approved life-buoys.

(e) They shall also carry, in addition to the boats and appliances required above, approved life-belts or other similar approved articles of equal buoyancy suitable for being worn on the person, so that there may be at least one for each person on board the ship.

(f) Provided nevertheless that no ship of this Class shall be required to carry more boats, rafts, and other buoyant deck fittings than will furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board. DIVISION (B).-CLASS 1.-Rules for sailing ships carrying Emigrant Passengers subject to all the provisions of the "Passengers Acts.'

(a) Ships of Division B, Class 1, shall carry boats in accordance with the Table (c) provided for Division A, Class 1, and such boats shall be, as far as practicable, placed under davits, with proper appliances for getting them into the water. All boats not placed under davits are to be so carried that they can be readily got into the water.

(b) If the boats so carried do not furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, then additional life-saving appliances shall be supplied as for ships in Division (A), Class 1.

(c) Provided that no ship in this Class shall be required to carry more boats or rafts than will furnish accommodation for all persons on board.

(d) Approved life-belts or other similar approved articles shall be carried as required for ships of Division (A), Class 1, and also one life-buoy for each boat of wood or metal.

DIVISION (B).-CLASS 2.-Rules for Foreign-going sailing ships carrying passengers but not subject to all the provisions of the "Passengers Acts."

Ships of this Class shall be subject to the same requirements as those in Division (B), Class I.

DIVISION (B).-CLASS 3.-Rules for Foreign-going sailing ships not carrying passengers.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry a boat or boats of Sections A or B sufficient for all the persons on board, and in addition thereto one good serviceable boat of Section (D). Such boats shall be, as far as practicable, placed under davits, with proper appliances for getting them into the water; all boats not placed under davits are to be so carried that they can readily be got into the water to the satisfaction of the Board of Trade officer.

(b) They shall carry approved life-belts as required for ships in Division (B), Class 1, and also one life-buoy for each boat of wood or metal.

DIVISION (B).-CLASS 4.--Rules for Foreign-going steamships not certified to carry passengers.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry, on each side, at least so many and such boats of wood or metal placed under davits (of which one

on one side shall be a boat of Section (A) or Section (B), and on the other side shall be a boat of Section (A), or Section (B), or Section (C), that the boats on each side of the ship shall be sufficient to accommodate all persons on board. They shall have proper appliances for getting the boats into the water.

(b) They shall carry approved life-belts as required for ships of Division (B), Class I.

(c) They shall carry not less than six approved life-buoys. DIVISION (C).-CLASS 1.-Rules for steamships not certified to carry passengers plying anywhere within the Home Trade Limits.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry, on each side, at least so many and such boats of wood or metal placed under davits (of which one on each side shall be a boat of Section (A), or of Section (B), or of Section (C), that the boats on each side of the ship shall be sufficient to accommodate all persons on board. They shall have proper appliances for getting the boats into the water.

(6) They shall also carry approved life-belts so that there may be at least one for each person carried on board the ship.

(c) They shall also carry not less than four approved life-buoys. DIVISION (C).—CLASS 2.—Rules for sailing ships in the same trades not carrying passengers.

(a) Ships of this Class shall carry a boat or boats of wood or metal, at least sufficient for all persons on board, and in such a position as to be readily got into the water. Each boat shall be provided with one gallon of vegetable or animal oil and a vessel of an approved pattern for distributing it in the water in rough weather. (6) Ships of this Class shall also carry an approved life-belt for each person on board.

(c) They shall also carry at least two approved life-buoys. DIVISION (D).-CLASS 1.-Rules for steamships having passenger certificates authorising them to carry passengers within certain specified limits of the Home Trade, that is to say, on short specified passages along the coasts of the United Kingdom, or between Great Britain and Ireland, or between Great Britain or Ireland and the Isle of Man.

(a) Ships of this Class shall, according to their tonnage, carry boats placed under davits, as required by the Table for ships in Division (A), Class 1, but all such boats as are not required to be of Sections (A) or (B), must be of Section (C).

(b) If the boats placed under davits in accordance with the above requirements do not furnish sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, then additional wood, metal, collapsible, or other boats of approved description (whether placed under davits or otherwise), or approved life-rafts, shall be carried of at least such cubical capacity that they and the boats required to be placed under davits by Table (c) provide together in the aggregate one-half more than the minimum cubic contents provided by column 3 of that Table. For this purpose 3 cubic feet of air case in the life-raft is to be estimated as 10 cubic feet of internal capacity; provided always that the rafts will accommodate the persons for which they are certified under the rules.

(c) Provided that if (having regard to the avoidance of undue incumbrance of the ship's deck, and to the safety of the ship for her voyage) it is not practicable for any ship of this Class to carry all