tends also to this book, as it was required by the author's plan to go farther than Genesis. Yet this subject has not been investigated on all sides, and the present views are not so perfectly established as it is desirable. However, the following distinction of the Elohistic and Jehovistic fragments, made according to Stähelin's plan, is, as a whole, certainly correct."

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

I. Chap. i. 1-7, perhaps, also, verse 8-22. Increase of the Israelites in Ægypt. Elohim occurs xvii. 20, 21."

II. Chap. ii. 23-25. God remembers the Israelites.

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

d

Chap. ii. Birth of Moses, &c. This is considered Jehovistic, from the motive given for the name of Moses, and the scene at the Well. The name Raguel favors the Elohistic, for the Jehovistic has Jethro; iii. 1.

Chap. iii. 1-iv. 17. Mission of Moses. Chap. iii. 14, containing the explanation of the name Jehovah, is decidedly Jehovistic. But elsewhere the name Elohim occurs seven times; ii. 4, 6, 11—15.

sqq.,) and displays greater skill, and better arrangement, with less diffuseness. See Tuch, p. lix., sqq. Stähelin, p. 87, sq.

a

Stähelin's contributions to the critical investigation of the Pentateuch, and the books of Joshua and Judges, in the Stud. und Krit. for 1835, p. 461, sqq, and a MS., communicated to the author, from which, however, he sometimes ventures to differ.

[It will be seen, from what follows, that the two documents are not to be separated in Exodus with the same certainty as in Genesis, because one of the chief characteristics of distinction ceases to be such after chap. iii.]

с

The word, verse 13, 14. Comp. Levit. xxv. 43, 46, 53.

Comp. verse 24 with Gen. xvii. &c., and Ex. vi. 5.

d But comp. Gen. xxx. 1-13, 17-24.

But comp. Gen. xxix.

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

III. Chap. vi. 2-vii. 7. God, as Jehovah, declares to the people, through Moses, his intention to deliver them. Genealogy of Moses. Aaron appointed as Moses' spokesman. Chap. vi. 9.

"But they heark

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

Chap. iv. 18-31. Moses' journey. Arrival in Egypt. Confirmed before the people. Compare verse 20 with iv. 2; verse 21, 28, 30, with iv. 1–9.

In chap. iv. 31, there is a strik

ened not unto Moses, for anguishing antithesis to vi. 9. "And the of spirit, and for cruel bondage."

Chap. vi. 30, vii. 1, 2. "And Moses said before Jehovah, Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?'

people believed; and when they heard that Jehovah had visited the children of Israel, then they bowed their heads and worshipped."

Chap. iv. 10-16. "And Moses said unto Jehovah, O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.' And Jehovah said unto him,

"And Jehovah said unto Moses, 'See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh and Aaron thy broth-Who hath made man's mouth? er shall be thy prophet. Thou shalt speak all that I command thee and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.'"

The genealogy (vi. 14-27) corresponds to the genealogies of document" Elohim;" but vii. 3, is probably Jehovistic. Compare ix. 12, and xiv. 4—17.

or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? Have not I Jehovah? Now, therefore, go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say.' And he said,

O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send.' And the anger of Jehovah was kindled against Moses, and he said, 'Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee; and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart. And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth; and

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what ye shall do. And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people and he shall be, even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him instead of God.'"

This is known to be Elohistic, from the accurate date (verse 1) and the consecration of the Sabbath.

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

wept again, and said, Who shall give us flesh to eat? We remember the fish which we did eat in Ægypt freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlic. But now our soul is

in the wilderness. And the children of Israel said unto them, • Would to God we had died by the hand of Jehovah in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh-pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilder-dried away; there is nothing at ness, to kill this whole assembly all, besides this manna, before our with hunger.' eyes.'

"Then said Jehovah unto Moses, 'Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no.'

“And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying, 'I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel; speak unto them, saying, "At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am Jehovah your God." And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp; and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, 'It is manna; for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which Jehovah hath given you to eat.'"

"And the manna was as coriander-seed, and the color thereof as the color of bdellium. And the people went about, and gathered it, and ground it in mills, or beat it in a mortar, and baked it in pans, and made cakes of it; and the taste of it was as the taste of fresh oil. And when the dew fell upon the camp in the night, the manna fell upon it.

"Then Moses heard the people weep throughout their families, every man in the door of his tent; and the anger of Jehovah was kindled greatly; Moses also was displeased. And Moses said unto Jehovah, Wherefore hast thou afflicted thy servant? and wherefore have I not found favor in thy sight, that thou layest the burden of all this people upon me? Have I conceived all this people? have I begotten them, that thou shouldest say unto me, "Carry them in thy bosom (as a nursing-father beareth the suckling child) unto the land which thou swarest unto their fathers." Whence should I have flesh to give unto all this

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

people? For they weep unto me, saying, "Give us flesh, that we may eat." I am not able to bear all this people alone, because it is too heavy for me. And if thou deal thus with me, kill me, I pray thee, out of hand, if I have found favor in thy sight; and let me not see my wretchedness.'

"And Jehovah said unto Moses, 'Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, and officers over them; and bring them unto the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand there with thee. And I will come down, and talk with thee there; and I will take off the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not thyself alone. And say thou unto the people, "Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; (for ye have wept in the ears of Jehovah, saying, 'Who shall give us flesh to eat? for it was well with us in Ægypt;') therefore Jehovah will give you flesh, and ye shall eat. Ye shall not eat one day, nor two days, nor five days, neither ten days, nor twenty days; but even a whole month, until it come out at your nostrils, and it be loathsome unto you; because that ye have despised Jehovah, which is among you, and have wept before him, saying, 'Why came we forth out of Ægypt?'"' And Moses said, 'The people among whom I am are six hundred thousand footmen; and thou hast said, "I will give them flesh, that they may eat a whole month." Shall the flocks and the herds be slain for them, to suffice them? or shall all the fish of the sea be gathered together for them, to suffice them?' And Jehovah said unto Moses, 'Is Jehovah's hand waxed short? Thou shalt see now whether my word shall come to pass unto thee, or not.' And Moses gat him into the camp, he and the elders of Israel.

"And there went forth a wind from Jehovah, and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp as it were a day's journey on this side, and as it were a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp, and as it were two cubits high upon the face of the earth."

Chap. xvii. 1-15. Water from the rock. Victory over Amalek. Compare verse 5 with vii. 20.

Chap. xviii. 1-12. Jethro's visit to Moses, as Stähelin thinks, is Jehovistic, from a comparison of verses 2-4 with ii. 22, iv. 20, 21, – though there is rather a contradiction between them,- and on