DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

account of the phrase Mount of Elohim, (verse 5, compared with iii. 3,) the phrase delivered out of the hand of, (compare iii. 8,) and, in general, on account of the reference to the plagues of Egypt. (Compare verse 9 with Num. xx. 15.) On the other hand, 13-17 is Elohistic.

Chap. xix. Legislation on Mount Sinai. This is Jehovistic, according to Stähelin, because verse 2 does not connect with verse 1, but with xvii.; (but compare Num. xxxiii. 11-15;) on account of Jehovah's descent and appearance, as in other Jehovistic passages, (xvii. 6, iii. 1, sqq., and Gen. xi. 7;) because the existence of the priests is presupposed, (verse 22, and elsewhere.) But, on the other hand, Elohim occurs verses 17, 19; and the necessity for the appearance of God on this occasion, leads us to suppose the two accounts are united.

VII. Chap. xx. 1-13. The ten commandments. This is

Chap. xx. 14-23. This is in part Jehovistic. Verses 14-18 Elohistic. (Compare verse 11 refer to chap. xix., (but verses 16 Stähelin-18 are Elohistic.) Part is

with Gen. ii. 2, 3.)

thinks differently.

uncertain, but Stähelin calls the whole Jehovistic.

Chap. xxi.-xxiii. Ewald" considers this an older writing, that has been inserted; and the repetition (xxiv. 11, sqq) favors the supposition. Stähelin considers it Jehovistic, because Abib occurs, xxiii. 15, as in xiii. 4; an angel, verse 20, as in xxxii. 34, and xiv. 19; the Canaanites are mentioned, verses 23, 28, as in iii. 18, xiii. 5, Gen. xv. 19; and the Euphrates, verse 31, as the limit of the land, as in Gen. xv. 18. Compare, also, verse 20 with xv. 17.o

с

Studien und Kritiken for 1831, p. 603.

See Studien und Kritiken for 1837, p. 955.

* [The difficulty is easily solved by the hypothesis that xxi. 1–xxiii. 17, is an independent document, neither Elohistic nor Jehovistic. The latter part of verse 15, telling how and why the feast is kept, looks like an interpolation by the Jehovistic writer. The rest (18-33) has all the marks of the Jehovistic fragment. The former fragment is unique in its character, and contains laws not elsewhere alluded to. Chap. xxi. 1, seems prefixed merely to connect it in some manner with the preceding account; but still the connection is very loose.]

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

Chap. xxiv. is Jehovistic, according to Stähelin. It corresponds to chap. xix. There is a covenant and sacrifice, as in Gen. xv. 18. The sacrificial feast (?) occurs verse 9, sqq. [Here, also, it seems to

me a different arrangement may be made. 15-18, seems entirely Jehovistic. The passage 9—11, and 13, 14, are Elohistic, and parallel with xxxiii. 12, sqq.

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

my

beseech thee, show me thy glory.' And he said, 'I will make all goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of Jehovah before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.' And he said, Thou canst not see my face, for there shall no man see me and live.' And Jehovah said, 'Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock: and it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a cleft of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by: and I will take away my hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.'"]

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

VIII. Chap. xxv. 1—xxxi. 17. Command to erect the tabernacle; all from the same hand. This is Elohistic, if we are to judge from the repetitions, and the resemblance to Gen. vi. 13-22. There are several Elohistic formulas, such as, I will be their God; xxix. 45, 46, as in vi. 7, xxxi. 12—17, and xx. 11."

a

[I would rather consider the whole passage as Jehovistic, except xxix. 45, 46, and xxxi. 18, (which are decidedly Elohistic,) both of which seem torn from their connection, and much misplaced in their present position. The sanguinary command, xxxi. 15, savors of the Jehovistic.]

The characteristics reappear: ; viii. 4, 24, 25, 26, ix. 28, x. 17, 18. Stars of heaven; xxxii. 13. Canaanites; iii. 8, 17, xiii. 5, xxiii. 23, 28, xxxiii. 2, xxxiv. 11, Gen. xv. 19, sqq. Euphrates as a limit; xxxiii. 31; comp. Gen. xv. 18. Flowing with milk and honey is new; iii. 8, 17, xiii. 15

VOL. II.

DOCUMENT "JEHOVAH."

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

IX. Chap. xxxv.-xl." Execution of the command respecting

the erection of the tabernacle.

A strong pin,)

5, xxxiii. 3., in the sense of to meet with; iii. 18, iv. 5, v. 3. hand, (7717 77;) iii. 19, vi. 1, xiii. 9, xxii. 11. Hardened the heart, (3 and the like; ix. 12, xiv. 4, vii. 3; comp. vii. 13, 22, viii. 15, viii. 11, ix. 34, ix. 7. Staff of God, or Moses; iv. 2, 20, vii. 19, viii. 1, xiv. 6, xvii. 5. Signs; iv. 8, 17, 30, vii. 9, viii. 23, xi. 10; comp. iv. 15. Angel of Jehovah, confounded with Jehovah himself. Pillar of cloud; iii. 2, 4, xiv. 4, xxiii. 20, xxxii. 34; see Gen. xviii. 19, xxii. 11. Sensual appearances of God; Descent of God; Moses' conversation with Jehovah face to face; iii. 2, (see Gen. xv. 17,) xvii. 6, chap. xix. xxiv. xxxiii. 11, xxxiv. 11. The tent out of the camp; xxxiii. 7, sqq. Joshua the servant of Moses; xxiv. 13, xxxiii. 11.

The characteristic marks recur. El-shaddai; vi. 3. Increase and multiply; i. 7. In that self-same day; xii. 17, 41. Your generations, and the like; xii. 14, 17, xvi. 32, 33, xxvii. 21, xxix. 42, xxx. 8, 21, xxxi. 13, 16, xl. 15. Land of strangers; vi. 4. Establish a covenant, "; vi. 4. The threat, (Gen. xvii. 14,) soul shall be cut off, recurs, xii. 15, 19, xxx. 33, 38, xxxi. 14. -The diffuse style and repetitions: a statute forever (by hp) is a new phrase; xii. 14, 17, xxvii. 21, xxviii. 43, xxix. 9, 28, xxx. 21; see xxx. 16. Sabaoth, applied to Israel; vi. 26, vii. 4, xii. 17, 41, 51. Appearance of the splendor of Jehovah in a cloud; xvi. 10, xl. 34. Jehovah's interview with Moses in the tabernacle; xxv. 22, xxix. 42, 43, xxx. 6, 36.

[I can see no sufficient reason for separating this passage from the preceding. To me it seems Jehovistic throughout, like xxxii.—xxxiv., above; xxxv. 1-3, seems misplaced, and so does xl. 36-38, which does not profess to be contemporary with the erection of the tabernacle. These accounts of the tabernacle present some important peculiarities. In Ex. xxv. Moses is commanded to make the tabernacle and its furniture after a certain pattern. A minute description is given of the furniture to be made for it, of the dresses of the priests, and the form of consecration, and two men are said to be inspired to perform the work. Next, (xxxiii. 7, sq.,) it seems, the tabernacle is finished. It is named the "tabernacle of assembly." The people flock to it to seek Jehovah. Moses entered, and a cloud stood at the door of it. But after this, (chap. xxxv. sq.,) Moses requests contributions for building the tabernacle. They were brought; the tabernacle is made; it is called the "tabernacle of the assembly," and the cloud descends upon it. But Moses was not able to enter it.]

§ 152, a.

C. Leviticus.

Here the style is marked by the Elohistic peculiarities,“ with only a few exceptions which may surprise us."

The following are some of the Elohistic peculiarities:

1. Increase and multiply, an ; xxvi. 9.

2. Male and female,

to be in point.)

p; iii. 6, xii. 7: (xxvii. 3, sqq., does not seem

3. In your generations, ; iii. 17, vi. 11, 36, x. 9, xvii. 7, xxii. 3, xxiii. 14, 21, 31, 41, xxiv. 3.

4. A statute forever, p; iii. 17, vi. 11, vii. 36, x. 9, 15, xvi. 29, 31, 34, xvii. 7, xxiii. 14, 21, 31, 41, xxiv. 3, 9.

5. That self-same day; xxiii. 14.

6. A possession, ¬8; xiv. 34, xxv. 10, 13, 24, 25, 27, 28, 32, sq., 41, 45, 46, xxvii. 16, 21, 22, 24, 28.

7. The threat, That soul shall be cut off; vii. 20, 21, 27, xvii. 4—10, xviii. 29, xix. 8, xx. 18, xxiii. 29. See xxii. 3.

8. To oppress, 5; xxv. 43, 46, 53, as in Ex. i. 13.

9. To make a difference between...... and between x. 10, xi. 47, xx. 25, as in Gen. i. 18.

......

; להבדיל בין "ובין

10. A citizen, or a stranger, 77 77787; xvi. 29, xvii. 15, xviii. 26, xix. See Ex. xii. 49.

34, xxiv. 16, and 22.

11. He shall bring.

......

unto the door of the tabernacle of assembly, expressed

,14 ,4 .iv ;הקריב (or הביאר) דאן (or לפני) פתח אהל מועד in the forin

ix. 5, xii. 6, xvii. 4, 5, as in Ex. xxix. 4, 10, xl. 12. The same form, to bring a gist, 17 (xan or) ; i. 2, ii. 1, 12, iii. 7, 14 ; — PP, a gift; ii. 4, 13, vi. 13, vii. 14, 38, ix. 7, xvii. 4, xxiii. 14, xxvii. 9, 11.

Other marks are the appearance of the glory of Jehovah, (ix. 23;) the appearance of Jehovah in the cloud over the mercy-seat, (xvi. 2, as in Ex. xxv. 22, and elsewhere ;) two festal days at the chief feasts, (xxiii. 7, 8, 35, 36, 39, as in Ex. xii. 16.) There is an opposition between xxv. 39, sq., and Ex. xxi. 1, sqq. In Exodus it is permitted to buy a Hebrew slave; in Leviticus it is forbidden.

Chap. xviii. 3, 24-28, xx. 22, 23. The reference to the Canaanites seems surprising, xx. 9-11, 13, 16. The formula, dying thou shalt die, , verse 9-13, 16, 27. His blood upon him, (777777,) &c. The punishment of stoning, in verse 2. Flowing with milk and honey, (xx.