CLIMATE AND POPULATION.

155

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE FOR FREDERICTON, N. BRUNSWICK, LAT. 45° 57′, LONG. 66° 45'.

The animal and vegetable kingdoms, detailed under Canada, answer equally for New Brunswick.

CHAPTER III.

POPULATION BY COUNTIES AND

PARISHES-GOVERNMENT

FINANCES-COMMERCE-PROPERTY-RELIGION-EDUCA

TION AND THE PRESS-SOCIAL STATE, &c.

POPULATION.I regret to state that there has been no census of New Brunswick since 1824, when the aggregate number of the inhabitants was— Whites, males, 38,764; females, 32,656; total,

County or District.

71,420. Free blacks, males, 749; females, 774;

grand total, 72,943.

Divided by counties the population was, in 1824—

Whites.

Free Blacks.

Total.

Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females.

Area in

Square Miles.

No. of

Parishes.

The number of Inhabitants in Kent and Gloucester is included in Northumberland.

The estimate in round numbers is, at present, about 100,000, which I hope, in a future edition, to be able to give a detailed account of1.

In person the inhabitants of New Brunswick are generally tall, well-proportioned, and athletic; those born in the province excelling in stature the Europeans from whom they are descended. A spirit of enterprise and manly exertion characterizes them; their loyalty springs from good feeling; and their freedom of deportment is attractive, rather than repulsive, as in some parts of the United States.

FORM OF GOVERNMENT.-The constitution of New Brunswick is assimilated to that of the other North American colonies, differing thus far from that of Upper or Lower Canada, that the Lieutenant Governor's executive council of twelve have also a legislative capacity; a union which a part of the colonists are strongly opposed to.

The House of Assembly contains twenty-eight members, thus contributed :-City of St. John two, county of ditto, four; counties, Charlotte four, King's two, York four, Westmoreland four, Queen's and Sunbury, two each; Kent one, Northumberland two, and Gloucester one. The provincial parliament sits for about two months during the winter at Fredericton, and is regulated in its proceedings after the manner described in the preceding chapters.

1 The number of emigrants which arrived at St. John's from the 24th June to the 26th July, was 1,144; viz. 893 adults-87 between 7 and 14 years of age, and 164 under 7

years.

MILITARY DEFENCE.-FINANCE.

159

MILITARY DEFENCE.-The militia of the province consists of upwards of 12,000 men, distributed in regiments as follows:-1. York county, five battalions; 2. St. John's city, two battalions; 3. St. John's county, two battalions; 4. Sunbury county, four battalions; 5. Westmoreland county, four battalions; 6. Northumberland county, two battalions; 7. Gloucester county, two battalions; 8. Kent county, two battalions; 9. King's county, 3 battalions (with cavalry attached); 10. Queen's county, two battalions; making a total of ten regiments, and twenty-nine battalions. Each battalion has a lieutenant-colonel-major, 11 to 15 captains, 15 to 17 lieutenants, 10 to 16 ensigns, and a paymaster, adjutant, quarter-master, and surgeon. The laws are administered by a Supreme Court, and minor tribunals. The former has a chief justice and three puisne judges. There are also Courts of Chancery, Vice Admiralty, and for granting probates of wills, &c. The number of barristers and attorneys practising in the province are-fifteen at Fredericton, nineteen at St. John's, and thirty-seven at other stations. There are fifty public notaries.

FINANCE.-Taxation.-The revenue of New Brunswick is principally derived from duties levied on the importation of goods at the several ports of the province; thus, in 1832 :

St. John's.-Ordinary duties secured on merchandise imported into St. John, 12,2457.; ad valorem duties on merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture, 1,114%.; ordinary and ad valorem duties on ditto, under Acts 11 Geo. IV. c. 1. and 1 Wm. IV. c. 1., 323l.; auction duties paid into the Pro