Report of the

East Africa Commission.

T

Cmd. 2387. Price 3s. 6d. Post free, 3s. 8d.

HE Commission was appointed "to visit Northern
Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Tanganyika Territory, Uganda,

and Kenya with a view to obtaining as much information as possible in the time available on all subjects covered by the terms of reference to the East Africa Committee, and to report to the Secretary of State on any facts which they may consider have a bearing upon the above matters." The terms of reference to the East Africa Committee

were :

"To consider and report:

(a) on the measures to be taken to accelerate the
general economic development of the British East
African Dependencies and the means of securing
closer co-ordination of policy on such important
matters as transportation, cotton-growing, and the
control of human, animal, and plant diseases;
(b) on the steps necessary to ameliorate the social
condition of the natives of East Africa, includ-
ing improvement of health and economical
development;

(c) on the economic relation between natives and non-
natives with special reference to labour contracts,

care of labourers, certificates of identification, employment of women and children;

(d) on the taxation of natives and the provision for services directed to their moral and material improvement."

The fundamental importance of this Report to all interested in Imperial relationships has been recognised by all sections. of the Press. Nature describes it as "a valuable report. The Economist refers to it as "the exceedingly interesting report of the East Africa Commission." The Times says it is "a much needed survey of British East Africa as a whole"; and the New Statesman, "a document which ought to have a wide circulation."

May be obtained from the addresses shown on the attached cover.

(For Report for 1923 see Non-Parliamentary Publication, Colonial No. 2, July, 1924.)

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE
To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses:
Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W.1;
York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff;

1925.

Price 3s. Od. Net.

[Colonial No. 11.]

Appendix I. Questionnaire of Permanent Mandates Commission, with brief replies

67

Appendix II. The Native Courts Proclamation, 1925

75

Appendix III. Rules of Court (No. 1 of 1925.) Native Courts

78

Sketch Map of Territory.

Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government on the Administration under Mandate of

Tanganyika Territory

for the year 1924.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL NOTE.

1. The Tanganyika Territory consists of that portion of the former Colony of German East Africa which, under Article 22, Part 1, of the Treaty of Peace with Germany, the Principal Allied and Associated Powers agreed should be administered under a mandate by His Britannic Majesty. The coast line extends for a distance of approximately 500 miles from the Umba River on the north to the Rovuma River on the south. The northern boundary runs in a north-westerly direction to Lake Victoria at the intersection of the first parallel of latitude with the eastern shore of the lake (Mohuru Point), and thence along the first parallel of latitude until it strikes the Kagera River about 70 miles west of Lake Victoria. From this point the western boundary, if the recent demarcation is ratified, will follow the Kagera River to approximately latitude 2° 25′, and thence along the eastern boundary of Urundi to the Mlagarassi River which it follows to Lake Tanganyika. The boundary then follows a line due west until it reaches the centre line of Lake Tanganyika which it follows to Kasanga (formerly Bismarckburg), at the southern end of the lake. Thence it follows the boundary of Rhodesia to the northern end of Lake Nyasa and continues along the centre line of Lake Nyasa to a point due west of the Rovuma River whence the boundary runs east and joins the Rovuma River, whose course it follows to the sea. The total area of the Territory is about 373,500 square miles, which includes about 20,000 square miles of water.

2. Along the coast lies a plain, varying in width from ten to forty miles, behind which the country rises gradually to a plateau constituting the greater part of the hinterland. This plateau falls sharply from a general level of 4,000 feet to the level of the lakes (Tanganyika, 2,590 feet; Nyasa, 1,607 feet), which mark the great Rift valley extending northwards to Lake Naivasha.

The seat of Government is Dar-es-Salaam (population approximately 25,000), a modern town founded in 1862 by the then reigning Sultan of Zanzibar and subsequently occupied by the Germans in 1887. The town, which lies along the northern

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and north-western shores of an almost landlocked harbour about three miles long, is well laid out and the chief buildings are solid and well designed. The second town in importance is Tanga, 136 miles north of Dar-es-Salaam and eighty miles from Mombasa. Other seaports are Pangani, Bagamoyo, Kilwa, Lindi and Mikindani. The most important inland town is Tabora, which has a population of 25,000, and is situated at the junction of the main caravan routes from the coast to Lake Tanganyika and from Victoria Nyanza to Lake Nyasa. Other inland towns are, in the north, Moshi and Arusha ; in the central area, Morogoro, Kilosa and Dodoma; and in the south, Iringa, Mahenge, and Songea. On the great lakes the chief towns are Mwanza and Bukoba, on the Victoria Nyanza; Kigoma, the terminus of the Central Railway, Ujiji and Kasanga, on Tanganyika; and Mwaya, on Nyasa.

The highest points in the Territory are in the north-east, where are the extinct volcanoes, Kilimanjaro, which rises to 19,720 feet, and is snow-capped, and Mount Meru (14,960 feet). In the south-west are the Livingstone mountains, where the highest peak is over 9,000 feet.

3. The Territory was visited in 1884 by Dr. Karl Peters, who made twelve treaties with native chiefs, and in the following year the German Government established a Protectorate. This arrangement was recognised by the British Government in 1886.

Soon after the outbreak of the Great War in August, 1914, hostilities between British and German forces took place on the northern frontier of German East Africa. Early in 1916 Lieutenant-General J. C. Smuts attacked and defeated the German forces at the foot of Kilimanjaro, and occupied Moshi on 13th March of that year. By the end of 1916 all the country north of the Central Railway was effectively occupied by His Majesty's Forces or by Belgian troops, and a provisional Civil Administration was established in that area on 1st January, 1917, under Mr. (now Sir) H. A. Byatt, K.C.M.G. In November, 1917, the Germans were driven across the Rovuma River into Portuguese East Africa, and in March, 1918, the jurisdiction of the Administrator was extended to include the greater part of German East Africa. After the surrender of Major-General von Lettow-Vorbeck, upon receipt of the news of the Armistice, the military forces were withdrawn, leaving only a garrison of the King's African Rifles. A Royal Commission was issued in January, 1919, appointing Sir H. A. Byatt as Administrator. The Tanganyika Order in Council, 1920, (Appendix I to the Report for 1923), which was read and proclaimed in Dar-es-Salaam on 25th of September, 1920, constituted the office of Governor and Commander-in-Chief. This office was held from that date until November, 1924, by Sir H. A. Byatt, who was then appointed Governor of Trinidad and Tobago, and is to be succeeded early in 1925 by Sir D. C. Cameron, K.B.E., C.M.G.