East Africa Fugitive Offenders Order in Council, 1924.

15. The East Africa Fugitive Offenders Order in Council, 1924, making further provision for the exercise in the East African Territories of the jurisdiction of a Magistrate under the Fugitive Offenders Act, 1881, has been proclaimed in the Territory and will come into operation on the 1st of January, 1925.

Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments.

16. Arrangements were made during 1924 for the reciprocal enforcement of judgments obtained in the High Court of the Territory, and in the Supreme Court of the Colony of Seychelles, the Protectorate Court of the Somaliland Protectorate and the High Court of Northern Rhodesia. Similar reciprocity exists with the United Kingdom, Kenya, Uganda, Zanzibar and Nyasaland. Correspondence was proceeding at the close of the year, which will probably result in arrangements being made for reciprocity with other Colonies and Protectorates.

Corporal Punishment.

17. It has been decided that the use of the "Kiboko" for administering corporal punishment to offenders shall be discontinued. It will be replaced by a rattan cane. The decision applies equally to the punishment of natives serving in the military and police forces for offences against the military and police regulations. An Ordinance on the subject will shortly be enacted.

Exports of Native Produce: Increase as compared with pre-war trade.

18. A review of the trade of the Territory during 1924 is given in the section dealing with Trade, but some observations on the increased share of native produce in the export trade of the Territory, as compared with the pre-war trade, may suitably be made in this section of the Report.

The quantities of native products exported in 1913 and 1924 were as follows:

Turning to coffee and cotton, which are produced by both natives and non-natives, the figures are:

At present rather more than 50 per cent. of the coffee and about 75 per cent. of the cotton is native grown. The export of sisal, grown on non-native plantations, was 20,834 tons in 1913 and 18,428 in 1924, but an increase in the present output is anticipated.

Since 1913, the plantation rubber industry, which exported rubber valued at approximately £300,000 and held second place in the list of exports, has almost disappeared owing to its unremunerative nature.

It is evident that the natives are now making a much greater contribution, both in actual quantity and in percentage of the export trade, than was formerly the case, and the above figures furnish a complete vindication of the policy of encouraging native production which has been consistently followed, and which has appreciably increased the prosperity and contentment of the native population.

East Africa Parliamentary Committee and Commission.

19. During the year a Commission was appointed to visit the British East African Dependencies and enquire into certain questions locally. This Commission consisted of the Hon. William Ormsby-Gore, M.P., Chairman; Major A. G. Church, D.S.O., M.C., M.P., and Mr. F. C. Linfield, M.P., with Mr. J. A. Calder, of the Colonial Office, as Secretary. The Commission arrived in Dar-es-Salaam on 22nd September and left on the 29th. They proceeded by rail to Tabora, stopping at Morogoro and Dodoma, and visiting the Veterinary Laboratory at Mpapua en route ; they left Tabora on 2nd October, and travelled by motor car to Mwanza, leaving for Uganda on 5th October. After touring in Uganda and Kenya, the Commission arrived in the northern area of the Territory towards the end of November and visited Moshi and Arusha; two members also proceeded to Tanga, and inspected the Amani Institute.

20. The Commissioners interviewed many heads of departments, public bodies and planters, received deputations from the Indian and native communities, and collected much information. It is hoped that their visit and personal investigation of problems on the spot will result in considerable benefit to the Territory.

Development Board.

21. A Development Board has been created, purely advisory in character, to consider such development schemes as are referred

to it by the Government. The appointment of this Board will ensure detailed and thorough investigation of the utility and practicability of any proposals made, and will provide for the necessary co-ordination between departments and administrative officers as regards schemes of development, particularly those which affect the native population.

Anglo-Belgian Boundary.

22. The Anglo-Belgian Boundary Commission completed the work of demarcating the boundary between the Belgian and British Mandated Territories and signed the necessary protocol on 5th August. The British and Belgian Commissioners proceeded to Europe in order to present to their respective Governments signed copies of the protocol and map for the necessary ratification. The speed, precision and unanimity with which the work of demarcation was performed, reflects the greatest credit on the Commissioners and their staffs. The successful consummation of the work was due in no small degree to the spirit of cordiality and accommodation which at all times subsisted between Mr. White, the British Commissioner, and Colonel Gendarme, the Belgian Commissioner.

23. After the ratification of the protocols by the British and Belgian Governments, a formal perambulation of the boundary, examination of the boundary pillars, and handing over, will take place. It is proposed that Pillars XI to XX should be maintained in a proper state of repair by the Administrative Officer in Charge of Ujiji; Pillars XXI to XXXVII by the Administrative Officer in Charge of Kibondo; Pillars XXXVIII to XL by the Administrative Officer in Charge of Biharamulo, and the remainder by Belgian officials at Nyanza and Muhinga. The pillars will be examined at least once a year by the officers responsible, and once every three years all pillars will be inspected by two representatives of the interested Governments.

Inter-territorial Boundary on the North Side of Kilimanjaro.

24. Difficulties are frequently experienced in this locality where the Masai have been in the habit of grazing and settling at certain seasons on both sides of the boundary. Early in the year certain Kenya Masai were arrested and punished for continued trespass in the forest reserve on the Tanganyika side of the border; such trespass had in the past resulted in extensive destruction of valuable cedar forest and warnings had been persistently ignored. A clear definition of the boundary was therefore considered necessary and the Kenya Government has agreed to a survey and demarcation of a portion of the boundary, but the necessity of demarcating the remainder of the boundary, which divides the Tanganyika and Kenya Masai Reserves, is still under consideration.

Tsetse-fly.-Reclamation of Fly-infested Bush and Prevention of Encroachment of Tsetse-fly on New Areas.

25. A special staff to deal with the reclamation of fly-infested bush and to prevent the encroachment of tsetse-fly on new areas is about to be created. Probably two-thirds of the Territory is infested with tsetse-fly and the infested area is increasing. Reclamation will necessarily be a slow process, but the actual advance of the fly must be prevented, as otherwise the development of the Territory will be seriously endangered.

Destructive Game, Animals and Elephants.

26. Sanction has been given to obtain the staff necessary to initiate a scheme for the protection of crops against destructive game, animals and elephants in particular. The method previously adopted of issuing special licences to Europeans to shoot elephant in specified areas proved unsatisfactory. Under the new system cultivation protectors" will be employed by the Government. "Cultivation protectors " will be placed in charge of defined areas of cultivation and will be required, with the aid of native assistants, to exclude elephants from those areas. Inhabitants of scattered villages will be informed that protection will be afforded if they concentrate in convenient places or join existing settlements, but that otherwise they must accept the risks incident to their isolated position. When not employed in controlling elephants, the "cultivation protectors" will deal with other destructive animals.

British Empire Exhibition.

27. The results of the Territory's participation in the Exhibition are considered to be very satisfactory. The activities of native agriculture and native arts and crafts were well represented. The Publicity Office connected with the Tanganyika Court conducted a considerable correspondence in response to enquiries regarding the Territory and its resources. An informative handbook was prepared and issued by the Central Committee dealing with the Territory's exhibit and about 2,000 copies were sold. The Exhibition provided an excellent advertisement for coffee and favourable reports of its practical effectiveness in this direction have been received. A very valuable feature of the Exhibition was the conferences arranged with representatives of British manufacturers and merchants; these enabled the possibilities of the Territory to be brought before the industries directly interested and afforded an opportunity for the discussion of any difficulties standing in the way of an increase in trade. The Territory will continue to participate in the Exhibition, which is being re-opened in 1925.

Native Foodstuffs.

28. Care is taken to emphasize the necessity of growing sufficient native foodstuffs and to prevent the supply of food

being jeopardized by the growth of economic crops. Generally speaking, there was during the year a sufficiency of native foodstuffs, though a serious situation arose at the end of the year in the Dodoma District out of the failure of the food crop through drought.

Ordinance No. 17, of 1924, the Native Foodstuffs Ordinance, empowers Administrative Officers, with the previous sanction of the Governor, to take various steps to prevent a shortage of native foodstuffs occurring and to deal with the situation arising from any actual shortage.

Imperial Institute.

29. A number of Tanganyika products are now displayed in the exhibition galleries at the Imperial Institute and it is hoped to develop this nucleus into a separate Tanganyika Court in the near future. It has been suggested that a selection of the exhibits of the products and industries of the Territory displayed at the British Empire Exhibition should be installed at the Institute. The Government has decided to contribute £100 annually to the Institute which carries out various investigations and enquiries on behalf of the Territory.

War Graves-Monument to Native Troops.

30. An Ordinance to provide for the control of war graves has been enacted. The Ordinance incorporates certain suggestions made by the Imperial War Graves Commission and gives that body adequate control over all war graves whether in public or in private land.

The War Graves Commission has made considerable progress with the permanent construction of the twenty-seven war memorial cemeteries in the Territory.

A monument to native soldiers and porters who fell in the Great War is in the hands of the sculptor: when ready it will be erected in Dar-es-Salaam.

Dinosaur Bones and British Museum Expedition.

31. During the German occupation of Tanganyika, fossil dinosaur bones had been discovered in the vicinity of Lindi. Small excavations were made during the war, but in view of transport difficulties it was decided to cease operations. Early in 1924 the British Museum sent out a party to continue investigations which will probably last for some time. The scientific study of the fossil remains will be greatly facilitated if any bones discovered can be transported intact and complete, and, as carriage of such weighty and bulky specimens intact by porters would be almost impossible, arrangements are being made to allow of their removal in a complete condition by means of a road along which motor vehicles may travel.