mind about the petty superstition which would have made this an obstacle to his joining in the Lord's Supper. This rite was to him nothing but a simple remembrance of Christ's last supper and death.' He thought the English Catechism wholly unfit for children, and vehemently disliked the dogmatic parts of it. His thoughts and opinions were not to be bounded or cramped by the regulations of any one sect built up by man. He looked forward to a day when there would be no priests, or rather when every man would be a priest, and all superstitious notions-such as is implied in the notion that only a clergyman ought to perform certain offices of religion—should be cast aside by Christian men for ever.
In practice, however, Lord John showed a greater tolerance than might be inferred from some of his opinions or writings. When he was in London he usually attended the services at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, or at Belgrave Chapel. It would have been difficult to select two churches, within a reasonable distance of Chesham Place, representing more opposite poles of thought. But he did not confine himself to places of worship within the pale of the Church. Lady John and he went sometimes to hear the great Nonconformist preachers; while occasionally, like most men of deep religious feeling, he recognised that public worship does not constitute the highest form of devotion. Sitting one Sunday among his trees and his flowers, with his daughter and his grandchildren around him, he said to Lady Russell, 'It conduces much to piety not to go to church sometimes.'
Such is a rough sketch of Lord Russell's religious views. But his opinions on the highest subjects were modified by his political judgment. Few Tories-who had resisted the emancipation of the Roman Catholics which he had done so much to secure-had so genuine a dread of the political consequences of the spread of Roman Catholicism. Through the greater part of his life he hoped to find an adequate barrier to Rome in the Church; and for this reason, even if
1 Writing to Lady Victoria Villiers in 1866, Lord Russell said, 'About his and your views on the Eucharist, every one must judge for himself how far he believes in the spiritual presence of Christ in the Holy Communion. Without questioning your belief, I am inclined to think that every act of kindness and love and charity to our fellow creatures obtains the special blessing of God and Christ -that the merciful shall obtain mercy; and those who forgive trespasses of others may hope forgiveness of their own.'
it had stood alone, he would have desired to maintain the Establishment. But he was also throughout his early and middle life impressed with the notion that the clergy of an endowed Church were more likely to profess liberal views than the ministers of voluntary sects, who were dependent for their livelihood on the subscriptions of their congregations. The experience of a long life perhaps convinced him that a Stateendowed clergy would not extricate itself from the trammels of Creeds and Articles; and so, as years rolled on, he became less earnest in defence of the cause, and would often laugh as he brought out the well-known arguments. Writing early in 1870, the year of Mr. Forster's Education Act, from San Remo, he said
The prospect of obtaining a national unsectarian education, founded on the exclusion of all catechisms and formularies, is, in the present temper of the nation, so fair a one that I think the country may well wait a year for the accomplishment of so great a blessing.
My wish and hope is [so he wrote a year afterwards], the rising generation may be taught to adopt, not the Church of Rome, or the Church of England, but the Church of Christ.
These few remarks may possibly help the reader to supply the lights and shadows of an imperfect portrait, and to gather some idea of the nature and character of the man whom the author has endeavoured, however vainly, to draw. It is a pleasure to recollect that his long life was, on the whole, a very happy one.
His childhood was, indeed, clouded by the death of his mother, his middle years by the loss of his first wife, his old age by the deaths of his eldest son, his daughterin-law, and their child; as well as by the afflicting illness of another son.
Yet, in the children who were still left to him, in the children's children who were brought to his home, in the memory of the part which he had played in the past, in the interest which he was taking in the present, in the hope which he felt for the future, in the consciousness of his own integrity, in the respect of his fellow-countrymen, in faith in his God, Lord Russell may have found some consolation for his trials, and have reflected that, if his old age was clouded with sorrow, his grey hairs were descending with honour to the grave.
ABERCORN, Duchess of (half-sister to Lord John), i. 58 n Abercorn, Luke of, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, ii. 430
Abercromby, Lady Mary, i. 432; ii. 164, 276
Abercromby, Mr. (Master of the Mint), i. 206, 207; declines the Speakership, 215; becomes Speaker, 216; O'Connell's support of, 220; resignation of the Speakership, 322; made Lord Dunfermline, 322; death of, ii. 433
Abercromby, Sir R. (afterwards 2nd
Lord Dunfermline), British minister at the Hague, ii. 236
Aberdeen, Lady, letter to Lord John, i. 152
Aberdeen, Lord, brings the dispute with America in 1846 to a peaceful issue, i. 422; disapproves of Prince Leopold's selection as husband for the Queen of Spain, ii. 1; memo- randum from M. Guizot on the Spanish marriages, 5; his con- ciliatory policy towards France, 13; letter from Lord John on the Austro- Italian conflict, 50; enjoined by the Queen to submit all important drafts to her before the despatches leave the office, 54; arranges with Lord John a ministry based on unity between the Whigs and the followers of Sir Robert Peel, 124; reply to Lord John's memorandum, 124; Lord John's answer, 126; declines further negotiation, 127; asked to form a Ministry and declines, 128; letter from Lord John, with an offer, 156; his reply, 157; sent for by the Queen to form a Ministry, 160; accepts office, 160; proposes ulti- mately to retire from the Premiership in Lord John's favour, 163; corre- spondence with the Duke of Bedford thereon, 163; completes his ministry, 164; difficulties because of the jeal-
ousies of Whigs and Peelites, 165; misunderstanding with Lord John, 165; letters to and from Lord John on the latter's tenure of office, 166- 169; letters from and to Lord John on the latter's speech on the Irish Church, 173; letter to Mr. Monsell assuring him that Lord John's opinions on the Irish Church are not shared by many members of the Government, 174; on the necessity of circumspect instructions to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe on his mission to Constantinople, 178; does not credit the Czar's alleged hostile in- tentions towards Turkey, 180; con- flict of views with Lord John on the Russian difficulty, 180, 181, 182; labours for peace, 183; hopes that Russia will accept the Porte's modi- fications of the Vienna Note, 185; Lord John's memorandum on the Eastern question laid before him, 186; letter to Lord John on the situation, 188; desires to draw up a new Note to be submitted to the Porte by the four Powers, 194; ob- jections to his handing over the Premiership to Lord John, 194; agreement with Lord John on Reform and the Eastern question, 198, 199; explains and defends Prince Albert's action in public affairs, 203; against the postponement of Lord John's Reform Bill, 204; uneasy at the pro- spects of war, 204 n; on the further postponement of the Reform Bill, 206; asks Lord John to postpone same, 207; congratulates Lord John on his speech on the postponement of his Reform Bill, 210; Punch's' cartoon of him and Lord John, 211; divergence of policy between him and Lord John in the Crimean War, 212; his treatment of the offer of an Austrian alliance, 213; his dilatoriness in the execution of the plan for the
division of the War and Colonial departments, 217; against subsidising Sweden, 217; prefers to subsidise Austria, 217, 218; letters to and from Lord John on changes in the minis- try, 219; concurs in Lord John's acceptance of the Presidency of the Council, 220; reasons for avoiding the introduction of Sir George Grey into the Cabinet, 221; agrees gene- rally to Lord John's proposed minis- terial changes, 222; letter to Lord John in reply to the latter's proposed resignation, 225; declines to advise the Queen to appoint Palmerston as War Minister, 230; disclaims any want of confidence in Lord John as leader of the House of Commons, 232; declines to concert with the French a new plan of campaign, 236; letter in answer to Lord John's resignation, 237; interview with Lord John re- specting the latter being asked to form a government, 287 Acheson, Lord, i. 458
Acland, Sir Thomas, i. 4 n, 169, 299, 305 n
Adair, Mr. (afterwards Sir Robert), i. 50 Adam, Captain (afterwards Admiral Sir C.), i. 71
Adam, Rt. Hon. William (Duke of Bedford's agent), i. 20, 27 Adams, Mr. (astronomer), pension to, ii. 146
Adams, Mr. (American minister to England), his correspondence with Lord John regarding the Alabama,' ii. 353; asks redress for the injuries inflicted by that vessel, 356 Adams, President, i. 421 Adams, Serjeant, i. 282 Adrianople, Treaty of, ii. 192 Adye, Captain, i. 74
Aidé, Hamilton, his poetical tribute to the character of Lord John, ii. 397 Alabama' case, the, ii. 353
Albemarle, Lord, his doggerel Latin lines on the Masters of Westminster School, i. 6 n
Albert, Prince, on vastly good terms with Lord John,' i. 434; interest in the Cracow matter, ii. 8; distrust of Lord Palmerston, 8; on the action of the King of Piedmont in the Italian revolt against Austria, 39; attitude in the Austro-Italian conflict, 46; objects to the wording of a despatch to the Porte on the Hungarian re- fugees, 54; letter to Lord John on Palmerston's conduct in the Greek
dispute, 59; criticism of Lord John's scheme of Reform, 129; differs with Lord Palmerston on the Schleswig- Holstein question, 132; charged with interfering unconstitutionally in foreign and domestic affairs, 202, 346; death of, 347
Ali Pacha, Turkish Plenipotentiary at the Vienna Conference, ii. 257 Alice, Princess, visits the Russells, ii. 439
Alien Acts, the, i. 73
Allen, Mr., i. 42, 43, 112, 113; letter to Lord John, 116 Althorp, Lord, undertakes conduct of Lord John's Bribery Bill, i. 129, 131; proposals for suppression of bribery, 133, 134; his rumoured falling off,' 137; discourages Lord John's pro- ject of a Central Association, 147; becomes leader of the Whig party, 153; letter to Lord John, 153; wishes to settle the new civil list, 154; offers office to Lord John, 159; not on the Reform committee, 165; aids Lord John in passing a Reform Bill, 170; coincides in coercive Irish legislation, 186; introduces Bill for Irish Church reform, 188, 192; hoped, on Lord Grey's resignation, that the King would send for Sir Robert Peel, 204; succeeds to the peerage, 207; letter to Lord John, 209; his principle in respect to Church rates, 278; ii. 196 Amberley, Lady, death of, ii. 449 Amberley, Lord (eldest son of Lord
John), i. 387, 402; Landseer's sketch of, ii. 113; in private theatricals at Woburn, 114; writes to his father as to his future education, 279; his marriage, 403; defeated at Leeds in the general election, 406; birth of a son, 406; begins his Parliamentary career, 430; death of, 451
American Civil War, causes of, ii. 338, 339
Ampthill, Lord; see Russell, Lord Odo Anglesey, Lord (Viceroy of Ireland), i. 183, 184, 197
Anti-Corn Law League, the, i. 366, 318; ii. 196
Antonelli, Cardinal, sends the Pope's blessing to the young King of Naples, ii. 323
Antwerp, bombardment of, ii. 189 Apponyi, Count (Austrian minister to England), ii. 321, 392, 393 Appropriation Clause, i. 246, 276, 297, 299, 301, 433
Arguelles, Señor, ii. 48
Argyll, Duke of, i. 35; ii. 174, 200; quoted, 243; letter to Lord John respecting the detention of the Alabama,' 355 n
Armagh, Archbishop of, consulted by Lord John on reforms in the Irish Church, i. 299
Arms Bill, the, i. 388, 431, 467-469 Arnould, Sir J., quoted, i. 479 Arrouca, convent of, i. 60
'Arrow' question, the, ii. 286 Ashley, Lord (afterwards Shaftesbury, Earl of), his diary quoted, i. 399; letter to Lord John, 455
Ashley, Mr. E., his publication of Lord Palmerston's letters, ii. 158 Atherton, Sir William, his advice soli- cited on the Alabama' question, ii. 354
Atkin, Mr., i. 5
Attwood, Mr., i. 173 n
Auckland, Lord, i. 411; ii. 16; his measures of national defence, 21; letter from Lord John on the naval estimates, 28; death of, 80, 97 Augustenburg, Prince, his claim to the duchy of Holstein, ii. 386 Australia, i. 338; French plan for in- vading and holding, ii. 176 Austria, loses Milan, ii. 38-40; sug- gested transfer of Ionian Islands to, 41; seeks a compromise with the Italians, 45; refuses a conference on Italian affairs, 49; suppresses the Hungarian rebellion and demands the extradition of Hungarian refu- gees from Turkey, 54; action in the Montenegrin difficulty, 177; propo- sition to subsidise, in the Russian war, 217, 219 Austria, Emperor of, his abdication, ii. 25; a fugitive, 49
Austrian alliance with England, pro- posals of an, in the Russian war, ii. 213, 218
Aylmer, Lord, i. 268 n, 269 Azeglio, Signor, ii. 277
BALACLAVA, ii. 228
Ball, John, quoted, i. 233, 234 n Ballot, the, i. 286, 295, 325 Bandon Bridge, borough of, i. 132 Bank of England charter revised, i. 193; in the crisis of 1847, 459 Bank Restriction Act of 1797, i. 82 Bannister (actor), i. 7
Barillon, M., despatches of, i. 103, 113
Baring, Sir Francis, i. 178; in the Cabinet, 335; at the Exchequer, 365; Budget proposals of, 368, 369; asks for a committee on the sugar duties, 374; succeeds Lord Auckland in the Cabinet, ii. 80; relationship to Sir Charles Wood and the Greys, 80; a stern economist, 80; accepts the Admiralty, 98; votes for the Militia Bill, 150 n; protests against Lord John's supersession in the leader- ship, 159; quoted, 210; consulted by Lord John on a ministerial crisis, 287
Bath, Lord (uncle by marriage of Lord John), i. 27
Bathurst, Lord, i. 133
Baxter, Sir David, ii. 402 Baynes, Sir Christopher, i. 30 Beaumont, M. de (French minister in London), ii. 46
Beauvale, Lord, i. 425
Bedford, Duchess of (Georgiana, mother of Lord John), letters of, i. 2, 4; chronic ill health, 2, 3; death of, 4 Bedford, Duchess of (Georgiana, step- mother of Lord John), i. 5, 10, 113; ii. 113; death of, 174
Bedford, Duchess of (Lord Tavistock's
wife); see under Stanhope, Lady Bedford, fourth Duke of, i. 2 Bedford, Francis, fifth Duke of, i. 2, 3 Bedford, Francis, seventh Duke of; see under Tavistock, Lord
Bedford, John, sixth Duke of, i. 2; death of his wife (a daughter of Lord Torrington), 4; second marriage to a daughter of the Duke of Gordon, 5; made Viceroy of Ireland, 18; his part in the fall of the Talents Administration, 28; retirement from the Viceroyalty, 28; on tour in Eng- land, 30; visits Sir Walter Scott in Selkirkshire, 31; opinion of English universities, 44; pleasure at Lord John's début at the Speculative Society, 47; encourages him to con- tinue the Whig Register,' 49; sug- gests to Lord John a tour through the English manufacturing towns, 54; discourages Lord John's going to Cam- bridge University, 57; on the riots and discontent in 1816, 88; continen-
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