REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION. A LAW DICTIONARY, ADAPTED TO THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND OF THE Seberal States of the American Union: WITH REFERENCES TO THE CIVIL AND OTHER SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN LAW. Ignoratis terminis ignoratur et ars.-Co. LITT. 2 a. Je sais que chaque science et chaque art a ses termes propres, inconnu au commun des hommes.-FLEURY. FOURTEENTH EDITION, REVISED AND GREATLY ENLARGED. VOL. I. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. NC Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by JOHN BOUVIER, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1848, by in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by ELIZA BOUVIER AND ROBT. E. PETERSON, TRUSTEES, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1887, by ELIZA BOUVIER AND ROBT, E. PETERSON, TRUSTEES, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. 1 Ir has been the aim of the publisher of the present edition of the Law Dictionary to vary in nothing from the general plan of Judge Bouvier, and to make only such modifications and additions his work as the changing conditions of the law seemed to quire. The period since the death of the able author has been fruitful, however, both in legislative enactments and judicial cisions, that numerous alterations and additions have been rendered necessary, resulting in an aggregate increase of matter to the extent of more than fifty per cent. This new matter has been prepared by gentlemen of recognized eminence at the bar or on the bench, and peculiarly well acquainted with the special opics upon which they have treated. The general editorial supervision has been performed in a very thorough and efficient manner by DANIEL A. GLEASON, Esq. The more useful part of Kelham's Dictionary, which in former editions was printed as a supplement, has been now incorporated in the body of the work. Careful attention has been given to the citation of authorities, and they have been brought down to the date of the preparation of the respective articles. By making use of a more condensed form of arrangement and of a somewhat smaller-sized type than were employed in the old editions, the contents have been increased to the extent above named without a corresponding enlargement of the bulk of the volumes. 13 MAR 17 1908 225209 iii |