Iron-Band Ore, Nelson. Contains 70 per cent. of iron. Also Wyndham River, Otago, and Manukua, Auckland -formed by the black sand-layers becoming cemented with hæmatite. This would be a most valuable ore if obtained in large quantities. Black Iron Sand, from beach at Taranaki. Compound of Iron Sand, Ferruginous Earth, and Ground Charcoal. Iron Sand cemented by heat. Bloom of Iron. Bar of Crude Metal as from the blast furnace. Bar of Crude Titanic Steel. Bar of Workable Steel. HEMATITES: Specular Iron Ore, Dun Mountain, Nelson. Occurs in irregular veins in greenstone rocks; contains 63 per cent. of metallic iron. Specular Iron Ore, Maori Point, Shotover, Otago. A sixfoot vein in mica schist, equally rich with the above; extent unknown. This ore forms the large heavy pebbles known as Black Maori in the auriferous gravels of the diggers. Compact Iron Ore, D'Urville Island, Nelson. Vein, thickness unknown, in diorite slate, with serpentine and chrome, yields 63 per cent. of iron. Concretionary Hæmatite or Limonite, Mongonui, Auckland. Occurs strewn on the surface from the decomposition of clays, associated with lignite seams; a common ore. Hæmatite (about 40 per cent. of iron), Collingwood, Hæmatite Pigment. Exhibited by Johnston and Louison, Ironstone (two specimens). Exhibited by E. Ford, Christchurch, Canterbury. Ironstone, Malvern, Canterbury. Exhibited by W. Wilson Christchurch, Canterbury. Bog Iron Ore, Spring Swamps, Auckland. Forms thick layers at the bottom of swamps. Though rich in iron, the ore is inferior, on account of the sulphur and phosphorus it usually contains. Reniform Iron Ore, or Hydrous Hæmatite, Mongonui. CHROME ORES The pure ore contains 50 per cent. of the chrome oxide, and is worth from 117. to 201. per ton, according to the state of the market. Used for manufacture of pigments and dye salts. Massive Chromic Iron. Crystallized Chromic Iron. From irregular lodes in serpentine bands. Dun Mountain, Nelson. Dunite, interspersed with crystal of chrome ore. Dun Mountain, Nelson. COPPER ORES Copper Pyrites. Mixture of sulphides of copper and iron. From a lode 3 to 5 ft. thick in mica schist, Moke Creek, Wakatipu Lake. The ore is very pure, and contains from 11 to 55 per cent. of metallic copper; the usual average of such ore in Cornwall being only five per cent. There is limestone in close vicinity to the lode; so that there would be no difficulty in reducing the ore to a "regulus," in which state it would save cost in ship ment. Grey Sulphide, Wangapeka, Nelson. Contains 55 per cent. of copper, together with a little silver and gold. Cupreous Iron Ore, in Serpentine, Dun Mountain. Interesting from its being slightly auriferous. The present value of crude (unrefined) copper is 307. per ton. Copper Ore. Decimal Company's Mine, Collingwood, Nelson. Graphite. Collingwood, Nelson. LEAD ORES- The Galena, Wangapeka, Nelson. Sulphide of lead, with quartz that contains also sulphides of iron, and antimony with gold, in veins in felspathic schist. Galena contains 26 oz. of silver per ton. The gold is only in those parts of the ore that contain Iron pyrites. Galena with Zinc Blende, Perseverance Mind, Collingwood, Nelson. Occurs in a band 2 to 5 ft. thick, parallel with auriferous quartz veins. These two ores are both pure, but so intermixed in the lode that they could not be reduced separately. 100 tons has been sent to Great Britain to test the value of this ore. ZINC ORE (Yellow or Honey Blende) This ore occurs in the Perseveance Mine, Collingwood, Nelson, and in small quantity in Tararua Creek, Thames, in white cement with auriferous veins. It contains 60 per cent of metallic zinc, which is worth about 157. per ton. MANGANESE ORES Uses For generation of chlorine for bleaching purposes; also for calico printing, &c. The value of these common ores is 37. to 41. per ton. Rhodonite (silicate of manganese), Dunstan Otago. As 1. Parapara Iron and Coal Company, Nelson.-Limestone. Occurs in quantity at a considerable distance beneath the outcrop coal measures. Intended to be used as a flux in the reduction of the brown hæmatite ore which is found in great quantities in the district. 2. W. Wilson, Christchurch.—a. White limestone; b. yellow limestone. Obtainable in blocks of from 1 to 10 tons. 3. Nelson Committee. - Marble from Ruatanuka, Golden Bay. 4. Nelson Committee.-Porcelain clay from Pakawau. 5. Nelson Committee.-Clay from Pakawau. 6. Nelson Committee.—Clay from Ruatanuka, Golden Bay. 1. T. B. Louisson, Nelson.-Hæmatite Paint, made from the ore found in unlimited quantities at Parapara, Nelson. Being a pure peroxide of iron, it is the best preservative of that metal. Wood coated with this paint is comparatively uninflammable; it is, therefore, much used in painting shingled roofs. Value 251. per ton. 2. Johnstone Brothers, Nelson.-Umber Pigment, made from the raw hæmatite ore found at Parapara. 3. Johnstone Brothers, Nelson.-Red Pigment, made from calcined hæmatite ore found at Parapara. 4. W. S. Grayling, Taranaki.—Bark of the Hinau (Elæocarpus dentatus), and sample of Phormium fibre dyed therewith by the Maoris. 7. Taranaki Committee.-Potter's clay from Urenui. 8. Kennedy Brothers, Nelson.—Fireclay from a seam of 8 ft., underlying the coal at the Brunner Mine. 9. Kennedy Brothers, Nelson.-Fireclay, same as No. 8, ground ready for brick-making or other fire goods. Is sold at 60s. per ton at Greymouth. 10. Kennedy Brothers, Nelson.-Fire-bricks, manufactured at the company's works at the Brunner Mine. Value, 61–71. per 1,000 at Greymouth. 11. Nelson Committee.-Steatite from Golden Gully Collingwood. TANNING BARKS. 5. Taranaki Committee.-Bark of the Atauhero (Rhabdothamnus solandri). Produces a red dye. 6. Taranaki Committee.-Bark of the Pukatea (Atherosperma novæ-zealandiæ). The inner bark contains a powerful anodyne. 7. W. S. Grayling, Taranaki. — Extract of Kamai or Towhai (Weinmannia racemosa). A forest tree abundant in many parts of New Zealand. The bark has been successfully applied as a tanning agent. It is also used by the Maoris in producing their red and brown colours. The dye obtained from this gives a very fast class of shades upon cotton. It can be sold at the same price as gambier and catechu. Bark of the Towhai, from which the extract is obtained. 8. W. S. Grayling, Taranaki.-Two samples of Extract of Hinau. The Hinau Elæocarpus dentatus is a large forest tree, abundantly diffused throughout most parts of New Zealand. The bark has been successfully used in tanning operations. The natives also use it in producing the beautiful black dye for their flax work, for which purpose the bark is first bruised and boiled for a short time. When cold, the flax if put into the mixture, where it is left for two days, after which it is taken out and steeped thoroughly for two days in red swamp mud, rich in peroxide of iron, when it is removed and dried in the sun. The Hinau can be used in the manufacture of ink, by dissolving a small quantity of the extract in water, and adding a little rust of iron. As it contains neither corrosive acid nor gum, the pen is neither injured nor clogged. The extract of Hinau can also be used instead of logwood. The extract of Towhai is much more astringent than that of Hinau, and needs only to be introduced to be accepted by tanners. 9. Westland Committee.-Bark of the Tawai or Red Birch (Fagus menziesii), suitable for tanning purposes; also a sample of the extract fluid. 10. W. S. Grayling, Taranaki.—Blue earth, supposed to be vivianite or a phosphate of iron. Used by the Maoris, mixed with shark oil, as a deep and brilliant blue paint. Cl. 620. 11. Dr. Hector, Colonial Museum.— TAN BARKS, native to New Zealand: Wood of Fuchsia excorticata, native name Kotukutuku ; percentage of tannin, 5·3. Bark of Eugenia maire, native name Whawhako; percentage of tannin, 16.7. Bark of Elacarpus hookerianus, native name Pokako; percentage of tannin, 9.8. Bark of Coriaria ruscifolia, native name Tutu; percentage of tannin, 16.8. Bark of Knightia excelsa, native name Rewarewa; percentage of tannin, 2·7. Bark of Elæcarpus dentatus, native name Kiri-Hinau; percentage of tannin, 21.8. Bark of Weinmannia racemosa, native name Tawheri; percentage of tannin, 12.7. Bark of Myrsine urvillei, native name Mapau; percen- Bark of Phyllocladus trichomanoides, native name Kiri- Bark of Hoheria populnea, var. augustifolia. Leaves of Celmisia coriacea, native name Tikapu; hills 12. Taranaki Committee.-Earth used by Maoris as a mordant for dyes. GRAIN AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE. John G. Ruddenklau, Addington, Canterbury.— 17. 1 bag Champion White Wheat; yield, 45 bushels per acre; value, 4s. 6d. per bushel. 18. Robert Wilkins, Christchurch Canterbury. Half-bushel of Perennial Rye Grass Seed (Lolium perenne), grown by Rev. T. R. Fisher, Selwyn District; soil, sandy loam; yield, 30 bushels per acre value, 6s. 6d. per bushel of 20 lbs. ; weight, 18 lbs. or 36 lbs. per bushel. 19. Half-bushel Cocksfoot Seed (Dactylis glomerata), grown by executors of Ebenezer Hay at Banks Peninsula. Soil, volcanic hills. The seed was sown on cleared bush land, but not ploughed or cultivated in any way; yield not known; value, 7d. per lb.; weight, 10lbs. or 20 lbs. per bushel. 20. E. H. Banks, Christchurch, Canterbury. Rye, grown in Ashburton District. Soil, fine black loam, shingle bottom, formerly covered with native flax (Phormium); sown in May; 2 bushels of 60 lbs. per acre; crop average, 40 bushels per acre; value, 4s. per bushel. 21. Malt, made in Christchurch, from Barley grown in Selwyn District. Soil, rich black loam, formerly laid down with English grasses; sown in September; 2 bushels of 50 lbs. per acre; value, 8s. per bushel of 40 lbs. 22. Barley, grown in Leeston District. Soil, light porous, made rich by sheep feeding upon turnips and mangolds, and by artificial drainage; sown in October; 2 bushels of 50 lbs. per acre; crop average, 45 bushels; value, 5s. per bushel. 23. Broad Beans, grown in Lincoln District. Soil, old flax (Phormium) swamp, with stiff clay subsoil; sown in July; 1 bushels of 60 lbs. per acre; crop average, 30 bushels; value, 4s. per bushel. 24 Canadian Oats, grown in Rolleston District. Soil, very light, formerly a sheep run; sown in August. Two bushels of 40 lbs. per acre; crop average 45 bushels; value 2s. 10d. per bushel. 25. Black Tartarian oats, grown in Ashburton district; soils, alternate down and flax (Phormium) swamp, at present an extensive sheep-breeding station; sown in August, 2 bushels of 40 lbs. per acre; crop in 1875 about 30,000 bushels, three fourths of which are crushed and consumed on the station, feeding long wool sheep and horses. Value, 2s. 6d. per bushel. 26. Horse beans, grown in Kaiapoi district soil, very heavy swamp land, strong clay bottom, covered by a silt deposit caused by a periodical overflow of the Waimakariri river; sown in July, 2 bushels of 60 lbs. per acre; crop average, 35 bushels; value, 5s. per bushel. 27. Field peas, grown in Prebbleton district. Soil, light loam, shingle bottom; sown in July, 2 bushels of 60 lbs. per acre; crop average, 40 bushels; value, 4s. 6d. per bushel. 28. Chaff from oaten hay, grown in Heathcote District, cut by a Buncle (of Melbourne) patent cutter, screen and packer Cl. 667. combined, packed and pressed ready for shipment to the different gold diggings, in bales of 5 sacks, weighing about 34 cwt. and measuring 17 ft.; value, 51. 10s. per ton. 29. Field peas, grown in Templeton district. Soil, very light, well drained, mostly shingle bottom. Sown in July, 2 bushels of 60 lbs. per acre; crop average 30 bushels; value, 4s. 6d. per bushel. The above are intended to show the produce of the different districts in the province of Canterbury. The quantity per acre given in the actual result in these particular eases. The price is what each exhibit would command free on board at Port Lyttelton, in large parcels, nett cash. 30-57. Twenty-eight samples of grain, &c., a fair average of farmers' delivery at exhibitors' store. All grown within 50 miles of Christchurch. Season, 1875. 58. Four sheaves of prime Tartarian white oats, cut green for fodder. 59. Hooper and Dodson, Nelson.-Hops, picked in March, 1875. Crop off 5 acres, 106 cwt. 60. John Gilmour, Christchurch, Canterbury.-One ham, clothed; one ham, bare weight each, 12 lbs.; value, 1s. per lb. 61. One side of bacon, clothed; one side, bare weight, each 26 lbs.; value, 1s. per lb. WOOL. 1. W. S. Peter, Anama, Ashburton, Canterbury.—Merino, male, 12 months old, not previously shorn, first combing, in grease. Average weight, 6 lbs. Average price of previous clips, 1s. 1d. all round except locks, sold at Christchurch privately. 2. Samuel Bealey, Canterbury.-10 Fleeces, second cross from Merino ewe by Romney Marsh or Kent ram; ewes and wethers, 14 months old, not previously shorn, first combing, in grease. Average weight, 10.3 lbs. Average price of previous clips in London, 1s. 3d. in grease, and 1s. 10d. to 2s. 6d. cold water washed. 3. A. W. Rutherford, Mendip Hill, Amuri, Nelson.- Merino, ewe hoggetts, 14 months old, not previously shorn, dipped in February 1875 in lime and sulphur for ticks, greasy super first combing. Average price of previous clips in London 1873 greasy fleece, 1s. 4d. to 1s. 5d.; 1874 greasy fleece, 1s. 5d. to 18. 6d. 4. George A. Anstey, Canterbury.-Merino, bred by John Cl. 666. Hartland, of Mount Parnassus, Amuri, Nelson, four-year old rams; date of previous shearing, 25th November 1874, months growth, dipped in November 1874 in lime and sulphur, first combing in grease. Average price of previous clips in London, 1874 portion of clip (without rams), ls. 1d.; 1875 portion of clip, without rams, 1s. 3 d. 5. J. Cathcart Wason, Corwar, South Rakaia, Canterbury. -Merino, 6 tooth wethers, 12 months' growth, greasy. Average price of previous clips in London, 9d. to 1s. 5d. 6. J. Cathcart Wason, Corwar, South Rakaia, Canterbury. -Lincoln, full-mouth ewes, bred by Thomas Kirkham, of Beresthorpe and Dudding, of Pantin, Lincolnshire, England, imported in March 1874 from England, being then 4 tooth 12 months' growth, in grease. 7. J. Cathcart Wason, Corwar, South Rakaia, Canterbury, -Cross between Lincoln and Merino, 2-tooth ewes, 12 months' growth. Average price of previous slips in London, 1s. 1d. to 1s. 4d. in grease. PHORMIUM TENAX, OR NEW ZEALAND FLAX, RAW AND MANUFACTURED. Cold-water Dressing.-The leaf of the Phormium Tenax, or New Zealand Flax, is fed to a machine called a "stripper," at the rate of 100 to 120 feet per minute. The drums of these stripping machines are driven at the rate of 1,000 to 2,000 revolutions per minute, their diameter being from 14 to 20 inches. After passing through the strippers, the partially-cleaned fibre is hand-washed in bundles of about 20 leaves; these bundles are then suspended in water and allowed to soak for about two hours; the fibre is then spread out on the bleaching ground for a time, which varies according to weather, and then hung on lines to dry; it is then either scutched or hackled, or both, packed in bales, and pressed for shipment. When the stripper is in good order and the fibre has been fairly cleaned, the loss in scutching amounts to from 3 to 5 cwt. per ton, and in hackling from 2 to 3 cwt. Warm-water Dressing.-After passing the leaf through the stripper, as in cold-water dressing, the fibre is washed and placed to soak from 6 to 24 hours in tanks filled with warm water, which is kept heated either by means of a fire or a steam pipe; when taken out it is scutched or hackled, or both these operations are performed. Maori or Native Dressing.-The Maoris only use a portion of the fibre on one side of the leaf, the leaves being selected with great care. They scrape the leaf with a mussel shell, or a piece of hoop iron, on the thigh; it is then soaked in cold water and dried. Some of their very fine samples are obtained from particular varieties of the plant, and then only the youngest and best leaves are used, particular attention being also paid to the manipulation. 1. Charles Chinnery, Addington, Canterbury.-1 bale, machine dressed, washed, bleached, scutched, and hackled. Valued by exhibitor at 30l. per ton free on board. 2. Taranaki Committee.-1 bale, machine dressed. 3. Edward Moyle, Taranaki.-3 samples of cord. 4. Thomas Bevan, junior, Otaki, Wellington.-1 hank of native-dressed fibre. The Maoris only use a portion of the fibre on one side of the leaf, the leaves being selected with great care. They scrape the leaf with a mussel shell or a piece of hoop iron. The fibre is then soaked in cold water and dried. 5. Thomas Bevan, junior, Otaki, Wellington.-Rope manufactured from native-dressed fibre, 2 fish lines, horse halter, lead-line, twine, double twine. James Cook, Nelson.-Mats and matting. 7. Mrs. Richard Taylor, Wanganui, Wellington.—Ornamental satchel and table mat. Bevan and Sons, Wellington.-Assortment of Cords and Twines. Manufactured from Native-dressed Fibre by Exhi Canterbury Flax Association, Christchurch, Canterbury.—Assortment of Cordage, tarred and untarred. 7 exhibits. T. Lennon, Christchurch, Canterbury. - Assortment of Cordage, Ropes, and Twines. Manufactured by Exhibitor. W. Cook, Nelson.-12 exhibits, all manufactured by Exhibitor, viz. :-2 Hearth-rugs, 2 Parlour Mats, 2 Bedroom Mats 4 Hall Mats, 1 Railway Mat, and 1 Carriage Mat. Simons and Malcolm, Nelson.—2 Door Mats. Colonial Museum, Wellington.-10 Maori Mats, viz. :— 1 Flax and Kaka Feathers. 1 Flax and Pigeon Feathers (Kereru). 1 Flax and Kiwi Feathers (Eheruheru). 1 Piu Piu. 1 Korowai. 1 Pota. 1 Pureke. Shoes, Apron, Bag, Dyed Fibre, of Maori Manufacture. MANUFACTURES. 1. New Zealand Provision and Produce hermetically sealed and preserved so as to 2. David Nairn, Addington, Canterbury. |