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a Little Creole Girl." Albion W. Tourgee enjoyed An Outing with the Queen of Hearts"; and Marah Ellis Ryan told a story of old Louisiana in "The Flower of France." Paul Leicester Ford made his appearance as a novelist with a striking story, "The Honorable Peter Stirling and what People thought of him," in his explorations of New York tenement life; and John Kendrick Bangs indemnified himself for Three Weeks in Politics" by telling his experiences in an amusing manner. He also contributed The Water Ghost, and Others" to " Harper's American Story-teller Series." Mrs. Burton Harrison (Mrs. Constance Cary Harrison) drew the picture of "A Bachelor Maid" of the period; "On the Offenwas an army story by George I. Putnam, as was The Gun Bearer," by Edward A. Robinson and George A. Wall; Sweet Clover" was a romance of the White City, by Mrs. Clara Louise Burnham; Eva Wilder McGlasson entitled her novelette "Ministers of Grace"; Mists" was by Fletcher Battersall; Noah Brooks told 7 admirable "Tales of the Maine Coast"; and a local flavor pervades "P'tit Matinic', and Other Monotones," sketches of Nova Scotia life, illustrated with many drawings and decorations, by George Wharton Edwards. "Bayou Folk," as Mrs. Kate Chopin terms the Creoles and Acadians of Louisiana; Danvis Folks," whom Rowland E. Robinson found in Vermont; "On Cloud Mountain," the scene of which is poetically laid among the Rocky mountains, by Frederick Thickstun Clark; "His Vanished Star," Charles Egbert Craddock's (Miss Mary N. Murfree) latest tale of Tennessee moonshiners; "St. John's, Wooing" and "The Old Post Road," by M. G. MeClelland, the latter a tale of Maryland in stagecoach days; In the Midst of Alarms," a story of the Fenian uprising in Canada in 1866, by R. Barr; "Elder Conklin, and Other Stories" of the far West, by Frank Harris; "The Daughter of the Nez Percés," by Arthur Paterson; "Gray Rocks," by Willis G. Emerson, a tale of the middle West; "Before the Gringo came," 11 stories of life in California before the advent of the American, by Gertrude Franklin Atherton; and David of Juniper Gulch," a story of the placer regions of California, by Mrs. Lilian Shuey, were good examples of the novelist's constant search for new fields. "The Pioneers of New France in New England," by James Phinney Baxter, was a romance based upon documents discovered in the English and French archives. "In the Quartier," by Robert W. Chambers, suggests at once Paris and student life; from William Henry Bishop we had " A Pound of Cure," a study of Monte Carlo, and Writing to Rosina"; Frank R. Stockton detailed 66 Pomona's Travels"; Josiah Allen's Wife (Marietta Holley) told of "Sumantha among the Colored Folks "; and Kate Sanborn was delightfully humorous over "Abandoning an Adopted Farm." The Wives of the Prophet" was by Opie P. Read (Arkansas Traveler), and Archibald Clavering Gunter supplied a sequel to "A Princess of Paris" entitled "The King's Stockbroker." Edgar Fawcett was the author of 3 novels, Her Fair Fame," "A Mild Barbarian," and "Outrageous Fortune," all dealing with New York life; An American Peeress," by H. C. Chatfield Taylor, shifts the scene from Chicago to London with equally striking transformations in the fortunes of its hero and heroine; "Chaperoned" was a brief page from a summer_romance detailed anonymously in the "Unknown Library"; "Dan of Millbrook," a story of American life, by Charles Carleton Coffin, was republished after twenty years with the title changed from Caleb Krinkle." "Mr. Wayt's Wife's Sister" and "The Royal Road" were by Marion Harland (Mrs. Mary Virginia H. Terhune); John R. Musick continued his series of "Columbian Historical Novels " with Humbled Pride," a story of the Mexican War, and "Union," which last relates, of course, to the days of the great rebellion; "Coitlan" was a tale of the Inca world, by Anson Uriel Hancock; "How Thankful was Bewitched," by James K. Hosmer, suggests at once Cotton Mather; "My Lady was a

tale of long ago in France, by Marguerite Bouvet; "Claudius, the Cowboy of Ramapo Valley," by P. Demarest Johnson, recalled revolutionary times in southern New York; and "Iola, the Senator's Daughter" was a heroine of ancient Rome, about 24 B. C., according to Mansfield Lovell Hillhouse. Back to the times of Ahab, King of Israel, we must look for the scene of The Prince of Peace," by A. W. Ackerman, and to the Orient for that of " Found and Lost," by Mrs. Mary Putnam Jacobi, which made No. 2 of the" Autonym Library." Miss Hurd: An Enigma' was from the pen of Anna Katharine Green (Mrs. Rohlfs); "Claudia Hyde" from that of Frances Courtenay Baylor; Harriet E. Orcutt told "A Modern Love Story which does not end at the Altar," and "Country Lanes and City Pavements" was the somewhat unique title of a novel by Maurice M. Minton. "The Heroine of a Mining Camp" was portrayed by Mrs. Harriet E. Monroe, as "A Child of the Ages" was by Francis Adams; "Where Honor leads" was by Lynde Palmer, the author of "A Question of Honor"; "A Prodgial in Love," by Emma Wolf, and Love and Shawl Straps," by Annette L. Noble and Pearl C. Coann, carried us abroad; "A Bit of Finesse " was a story of fifty years ago, by Harriet Newell Lodge, and The Flight of the Swallow," by Emily Malbone Morgan, contained a quaint romance. Derringforth," by Frank A. Munsey, filled 2 volumes; Under the Second Renaissance," by Florence Trail, described the trials of a young American actress whose family and lover object to her profession; Mrs. S. M. H. Gardner traced "The Fortunes of Margaret Weld," and also published a quaint volume of Quaker Idyls," which possess historic interest; and Charles M. Sheldon described "The Crucifixion of Phillip Strong" for adherence to his convictions as a Christian minister. Cheerful, often religious in tone, and all written with some good intent in view, were Betwixt Two Fires," by J. Jackson Wray; "Richard Rogers, Christian," by Alice Barber McConnell; "A Summer Brother," by Sophie Bronson Titterington; "Won by Love," by Mrs. S. S. Wood; "A Child of the Covenant," by Virginia Carter Castlemon: "Paths and By-paths," by Mrs. A. M. Pickford; "The Better Way," by William F. Lacy;

Rachel's Farm," by Annette L. Noble; and "Three Times and Out," by Mrs. Mary Lowe Dickinson. "The Leprosy of Miriam," according to Ursula N. Gestefeld, is scientific materialism; music is the theme of "The Missing Chord," by Lucy Dillingham, and of "Otto's Inspiration," by Mary II. Ford; Mrs. Nathaniel Conklin (formerly Jennie M. Drinkwater) published "Three Women" and "Growing Up"; Not for Profit" was by Fannie E. Newberry; "Grizzly's Little Pard," by Elizabeth Maxwell Comfort, suggests a mining story; and "No Enemy (but Himself)" was the verdict of Elbert Hubbard on the young tramp who recounts his adventures. From the same author we have "Forbes of Harvard." "Piokee and her People," a ranch and tepee story, by Theodora R. Jenness, is a sequel to "Two Young Homesteaders"; "A Mexican Ranch," by Mrs. Janie P. Duggan, "Fanny's Autobiography," by Mrs. M. E. Drake, and "Oowikapun," by Egerton Ryerson Young, are stories of missionary work in the West, while religion forms the keynote of "They met in Heaven," by George H. Hepworth, the author of "Hiram Golf's Religion," published anonymously in 1893; "The Wedding Garment," by Louis Pendleton; "Beyond the Veil," by G. B. Willcox; and "In Distance and in Dream," by M. F. Sweetser. Labor and capital are the themes of " Apprentices to Destiny," by Lily A. Long, and "Just Plain Folks," by E. S. Doubleday; "Beneath the Dome," by A. Arnold Clark, was posthumously printed, and proposes the single-tax theory as a solution for the corruption in Michigan politics portrayed; “ A Journey in Other Worlds" is professedly a romance of the future, by John Jacob Astor; 96: A Romance of Utopia," by Frank Rosewater, presents a solution of the labor problem, a new God, and a new religion; and from

Fayette Stratton Giles we have "Shadows before: or, A Century Onward." Gustavus W. Pope described "A Journey to Mars"; pure extravagance characterizes "Centuries Apart," by E. T. Bouvé; "The Land of the Changing Sun," by William N. Harben; "The Isle of Feminine," by Charles Elliott Niswonger; "2894; or, The Fossil Man," by Walter Browne; "From Earth's Center," by S. Byron Welcome; "Sophos," by Albert Alberg; and "Between Two Forces," by Flora Helm. The Dissolution: A Projected Drama," by Ritter Dandelyon, offers a new theory of marriage exemplified in mythological times. Hypnotism is the leading motif in "The Malachite Cross," a romance of two countries, by Frank H. Norton; A Modern Wizard," by Rodrigues Ottolengui; and Margaret Salisbury," by Mary Holland Lee. Scott Campbell was the author of "Union Down"; R. M. Manley of "The Queen of Ecuador"; Seward H. Hopkins of " In the China Sea" and "Two Gentlemen of Hawaii." Robert Appleton (Roman I. Zubof) published 3 novels," Violet, the American Sappho," a realistic novel of Bohemia, Elena," the story of a Russian woman, and "After the Manner of Men." Katharine E. Rand described "The Childhood of an Affinity "; Henry Goelet McVickar cast "The Purple Light of Love" with its attendant misfortunes upon a worthy hero; Margaret Sutton Briscoe, the author of "Perchance to Dream," sent out this year" Links in a Chain"; John Hicks contributed "The Man from Oshkosh": "Miss Gwynne, Bachelor" was by Winifred Johnes; "A Modern Magdalene," by Virna Woods; "A Moral Blot," by Sigismund B. Alexander; " David and Abigail," by B. F. Sawyer; and Richard Henry Savage was unusually prolific, turning out 4 novels, "The Princess of Alaska," The Anarchist," "The Flying Halcyon," and "Delilah of Harlem." "Six Thousand Tons of Gold," by H. R. Chamberlain, was written as an attempted solution of the financial problems of the hour, and politics are the theme of "The Story of Rodman Heath; or, Mugwumps, by One of them," who gives us no further clew to his identity; "The Speaker of the House," by Angeline Teal; and "Shylock's Daughter," by Margaret Holmes Bates. The Documents in Evidence," by Henry M. Blossom, Jr., was more striking in the form of its makeup than in the substance of the story it contained; and "Two Strings to his Bow" was by Walter Mitchell, a brother of Donald G. Mitchell (Ik Marvel). To the highly sensational belong, in conclusion, " Two Bad Brown Eyes," by Marie St. Felix, and Miss Derrick," a Boston society girl's diary, by Evelyn Ches

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ter. "Love at Seventy," by Albert Ross (Linn Boyd Porter), was in that author's usual vein, and from Lawrence L. Lynch emanated " A Dead Man's Step" and "Against Odds," a romance of the Midway Plaisance. A Sleep Walker" was by Paul H. Gerrard; The American Ambassador," anonymous; "The Duke of Arcanum," by Frank Carleton Long; and The Dancing Faun," by Florence Farr.

Volumes of short stories other than those already mentioned were "Norseland Tales," by Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen; "The Exiles, and Other Stories," by Richard Harding Davis; "Little Ike Templin, and Other Stories," by Richard Malcolm Johnston; "The White Crown, and Other Stories," by Herbert D. Ward; "Marsena, and Other War Stories," by Harold Frederick; A Scarlet Poppy, and Other Stories," by Harriet Prescott Spofford; "Break o' Day Tales," by Frank West Rollins; "Salem Kittredge, and Other Stories," by Bliss Perry; "A Suburban Pastoral, and Other Tales," by Henry A. Beers; "A Burne-Jones Head and Other Sketches" of American society life, by Clara Sherwood Rollins; "The Robb's Island Wreck, and Other Stories," by Lynn R. Meckins; · Peak and Prairie, from a Colorado Sketchbook," by Anna Fuller; "The Rousing of Mrs. Potter, and Other Stories," by Gertrude Smith; "Seven Strange Stories," by J. Wallace Hoff; Zigzag Tales from the East to the West," by H. L. Wilson; Nos. 13 and 14 of Tales from Town Topics"; and "Ten Notable

Stories from Lippincott's Magazine," by Kate Jordan, Annie Flint, and others. Imaginary conversations between the characters in novels of famous writers of the day were "Overheard in Arcady," by Robert Bridges (Droch) and republished from "Life," in which they appeared.

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Juvenile.-Still do books continue to be written for children which find older readers, and familiar names are found upon their title pages. "Piccino, and Other Child Stories," by Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett, were illustrated by Reginald B. Birch. Hezekiah Butterworth told of early Christmas in America in his two stories bound in one volume, "The Parson's Miracle" and "My Grandmother's Christmas Candle," in the "Christmas in Many Lands Series," while his history of "The Patriot Schoolmaster" belongs to the days of the minutemen and the Sons of Liberty. Thomas W. Knox carried two boys through various adventures with "The Lost Army" during the Arkansas campaign; "The Raid from Beauséjour," and "How the Carter Boys lifted the Mortgage" were two stories of Acadie by Charles G. D. Roberts; "The Search for Andrew Field," by Everett T. Tomlinson, belongs to the "War of 1812 Series": "Brother against Brother," by William T. Adams (Oliver Optic), to the Blue and the Gray Army Series"; and A Salt-Water Hero," by Rev. E. A. Rand, to the Fighting the Sea Series." Edward Stratemeyer told of "The Last Cruise of the Spitfire, or Luke Foster's Strange Voyage" and of" Richard Dare's Venture "; W. J. Henderson, as "an old salt," spun "Sea Yarns for Boys"; Dr. Eugene Murray-Aaron combined science with entertainment in "The Butterfly Hunters in the Caribbees"; and "Three Boys on an Electrical Boat," by Prof. John Trowbridge, proved as fascinating as his previous story of The Electrical Boy." The standard writers of books for boys made their customary contributions: W. O. Stoddard, of Chris, the Model-Maker," a story of New York, and "The Captain's Boat "; Horatio Alger, Jr., of “ Vietor Vane, the Young Secretary "; Kirk Munroe, of Big Cypress: The Story of an Everglade Homestead" and "The Fur Seal's Tooth"; Harry Castlemon (Charles A. Fosdick), of "Sailor Jack, the Trader"; Willis Boyd Allen, of Snowed In" and "Lost on Umbagog"; Edward S. Ellis, of "The Great Cattle Trail," Honest Ned," "Righting the Wrong." and "Brave Toin," the last three in the "Brave and Honest Series"; "James Otis" (James Otis Kaler), of "Chasing a Yacht, or the Theft of the Gem," Adventures of a Country Boy at a Country Fair." "Jinny and his Partners," and "The Boys' Revolt," a story of the street Arabs of New York. Nor did the little girls fare less liberally, for A. G. Plympton told of "Penelope Prig, and Other Stories," and also of Rags and Velvet Gowns"; Mrs. Laura E. Richards, Marie" and "Narcissa, or the Road to Rome," with which last is included also "In Verona." Eliza Orne White narrated what befell" When Mollie was Six"; Minnie E. Kinney (Mrs. George A. Paull) published More Bedtime Tales" and "Ruby at School"; "Mollie Miller" was by Mrs. Effie W. Merriman; "Mildred's New Daughter" and "Elsie at the World's Fair," by Martha F. Finley; "Jessie's Three Resolutions" and "In Editha's Days," a tale of religious liberty, by Mary E. Bamford; "Wee Lucy: Little Prudy's Wee Croodlin' Doo," by Sophie May" (R. S. Clarke); "Martha's Mistakes," by Mrs. M. E. Bradley; and "Margaret Arnold's Christmas, and Other Stories," by Mary D. Brine, all found readers, as did "The Pansy" for 1894, edited by Mrs. I. M. Alden, and "The Child Amy," by Julia Magruder. For larger girls there were "Hope Benham," by Nora Perry; "Witch Winnie at Shinnecock," in which Mrs. Elizabeth W. Champney described the doings of the King's Daughters in the summer art school; "Not quite Eighteen," sixteen short stories by "Susan Coolidge" (Sarah C. Woolsey); "Another Girl's Experience," by Leigh Webster; and Sirs, only Seventeen," by Virginia F Townsend. Howard Pyle was both author and

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illustrator of "Twilight Land," a story book for children; "Little Thimblefinger and his Queer Country," with what the children saw and heard there under the spell of Uncle Remus (Joel Chandler Harris) was illustrated by Oliver Herford; and Palmer Cox carried The Brownies around the World." Lily Wesselhoeft told of "The Fairy Folk of Blue Hill." William Drysdale explained "The Mystery of Abel Forefinger" in the "Harper's Young People Series"; William Riley Halstead described "Life on a Backwoods Farm" in Indiana fifty years ago; John S. Wood's "College Days" was rewritten and reprinted from "Outing," and deals with life at Yale a score of years back; Toinette's Philip," by Mrs. C. V. Jamison, varied in scene from New Orleans to New York; Mme. Jeanne Schultz, the author of "Colette," wrote Madeleine's Rescue" for girls and boys; The "Two Girls" pictured by Amy E. Blanchard grew up in the South, while "Sarah Dakota," according to Mary E. Q. Brush, was named for her native State. "The Little Lady of the Horse," by Evelyn Raymond, is another Western heroine, while more subdued in tone are "The Dutchman's Daughter," by Eva Hansen Lamb; "Endeavor Chris," by Isabella T. Hopkins; "A Family Dilemma," by Lucy C. Lillie; "Garret Grain," by Mrs. Frank Lee; and "Little Miss Faith," by Grace Le Baron. "Jolly Good Times To-day," by Mary P. Wells Smith, is illustrated by Jessie McDermott; "Three of us: Barney, Cossack. Rex," are shown by Mrs. Izora C. Chandler to have been interesting dogs; "Pax and Carlino," by Ernest Beckman; Ragweed," by Julia McNair Wright; "Philip Leicester," by Jessie E. Wright; "Jacky Lee" and "St. Rockwell's Little Brother," by Mrs. Harriet A. Cheever; "A Troublesome Name," by Catharine S. Holmes; "Tony," by Laisdell Mitchell; and TanPile Tim, or a Yankee Waif among the 'Blue Noses," by Rev. B. Freeman Ashley, deserve mention, as do The Wagner Story Book," a collection of firelight tales of the great music dramas, by William H. Frost, and "Stories from Plato and Other Classic Writers," by Mary E. Burt. Edith M. Thomas, Miss E. S. Tucker, and Helen Gray Cone united to produce "A Treasury of Stories, Jingles, and Rhymes" for little folks, and an "Index to St. Nicholas," covering Vols. I to XXI, proved useful to many. Two holiday editions of favorite books which must not be omitted were those of "Timothy's Quest," by Kate Douglas Wiggin, and "The Story of a Bad Boy," by Thomas Bailey Aldrich. "The Century Book for Young Americans," by Elbridge S. Brooks, told how a party of boys and girls who know how to use their eyes and ears found out all about the Government of the United States.

Fine Arts. Several valuable works on art were written. Art in Theory," by Prof. George Lansing Raymond, the author of Poetry as a Representative Art" and "The Genesis of Art," is intended as an introduction to the study of comparative æsthetics. William H. Beard wrote upon " Action in Art," accompanying the text with over 220 illustrations from original drawings. William Ordway Partridge contributed 6 essays upon "Art for America," and, descending from the general to the particular, we are indebted to John C. Van Dyke for A Text-Book of the History of Painting" in the series of College Histories of Art." Miss A. G. Radcliffe gave a popular history, free from technicalities, of Schools and Masters of Sculpture," uniform with her Schools and Masters of Painting." Bernhard Berenson wrote on "The Venetian Painters of the Renaissance," as well as an essay in constructive art criticism entitled Lorenzo Lotto." "Renaissance and Modern Art," by William H. Goodyear, is one of the "Chautauqua Reading Circle Literature" volumes, and Frank Fowler's "Portrait and Figure Painting," with 3 colored plates showing progressive stages in oil painting, forins one of the "Art Amateur Handbooks Series." Charles Godfrey Leland's Elementary Metal Work" is a practical manual for amateurs and for use in schools. Charles Dexter Allen's guide to the study of "American Book Plates" contains a

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bibliography by Ellen Newell Hewins, and is illustrated with many reproductions of rare and interesting specimens. Dramatic art was handled by James Brander Matthews in "Studies of the Stage," and by Alfred Ayres (Thomas Embley Osmun) in "Acting and Actors, Elocution and Elocutionists," a book about theater folk and theater art. Parts VII to XXV of "Famous Composers and their Works," edited by John Knowles Paine, appeared, and Adolph Carpé was the author of a treatise on "The Pianist and the Art of Music" for teachers and students. A second series of "Tables for the Writing of Exercises in the Study of Harmony," arranged in conformity with S. Sechter's "Fundamental Harmonies," and adapted for the New York College of Music, was devoted to the "Harmonization of Melodies," and Mrs F. Roena Medini explained "The What and How of Vocal Culture.' Among gift books are especially to be noted "The Art of the World," illustrated in the paintings, statuary, and architecture of the World's Columbian Exposition, edited by Ripley Hitchcock, in 30 parts; "Child Life in Art," by Estelle M. Hurll; 6 reproductions of "Madonnas," with original coloring, by Mrs. Fanny I. Edgerton; "Tales and Verses of Long Ago," Rhymes and Stories of Olden Times," and "Children of Colonial Days," by Miss Elizabeth S. Tucker, each with numerous full-page color plates after paintings in water colors by E. Percy Moran; Facsimiles of Water Colors," by the same artist; " A Collection of Eighty-four Drawings," by C. D. Gibson; "American Landmarks," a collection of pictures of our country's historic shrines, by Harry Fenn, F. D. Chase, L. J. Bridgman, and others, with descriptive text by George A. Cleaveland and Robert E. Campbell; "The Marie Burroughs's Art Portfolio of Stage Celebrities"; "Yankee Doodle at the Fair," in 12 parts, 2 of which were issued during the year, designed to perpetuate the architecture and novel features of the World's Columbian Exposition, profusely illustrated, in colors and in black and white, after paintings and photographs, with text by wellknown authors; and the "Salon of 1894," 100 photogravure illustrations of the choicest paintings and statuary of the year's Paris salons. Handsome illustrations of standard works of literature included Irving's "Sketchbook," in a 2-volume Van Tassel edition, and his "Alhambra," Kingsley's "Hypatia," Howells's "Their Wedding Journey," Scott's Kenilworth," and De Amicis's Holland."

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General Science.-But few works of importance fall under this head, though more books are recorded for 1894 than for the previous year. "Sea and Land Features of Coasts and Oceans, with Special Reference to the Life of Man," by Prof. N. S. Shaler, is to be reckoned among the foremost. Sir John W. Dawson lectured before the Lowell Institute "The upon Meeting Place of Geology and History," and also published notes on the pleistocene geology of Canada entitled "The Canadian Ice Age." Ralph S. Tarr wrote an "Economic Geology of the United States," with briefer mention of the foreign mineral products; and Samuel F. Emmons edited a "Geological Guidebook for an Excursion to the Rocky Mountains." An" Outline of the Geology and Physical Features of Maryland," by George H. Williams and William B. Clark, was accompanied with a geological map. "Biological Lectures at the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood's Holl in the Summer Session of 1893," by various authorities, were collected into a volume. Charles Wright Dodge wrote an "Introduction to Elementary Practical Biology," intended as a laboratory guide for high-school and college students. Emanuel R. Boyer filled a similar want with "A Laboratory Manual in Elementary Biology"; and "Playfair: A Text-Book of Invertebrate Morphology," was the work of Prof. J. McMurrich. "From the Greeks to Darwin" an outline of the development of the evolution idea, by Henry F. Osborn, in the "Columbia University Biological Series"; another volume of which was "Amphioxus and the Ancestry of the Vertebrates," by Arthur Willey; and William North Rice reviewed

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on "

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"Twenty-five Years of Scientific Progress." Charles H. Clark wrote on " Practical Methods in Microscopy," and Mabel Loomis Todd gave comprehensive though unprofessional information about Total Eclipses of the Sun." William M. Davis was the author of an Elementary Meteorology"; a popular edition was made of the 12 charts of "Climates of the United States, in Colors," by Charles Denison, M. D., and from Prof. Samuel Pierpont Langley we have a paper The Internal Work of the Wind," in the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge." Vol. VI was issued of "The Silva of North America," by Charles Sprague Sargent, who also made "Notes on the Forest Flora of Japan"; John H. Redfield and E. L. Rand were joint students of Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine," of which they made a preliminary catalogue prefaced by a geological introduction by William Morris Davis; Volney M. Spalding offered a "Guide to the Study of Common Plants," Oliver R. Willis "A Practical Flora" for schools and colleges, and Mrs. William Starr Dana talked of the flowers "According to Season." Readings from the Book of Nature," by Simeon Mills, went far to elucidate some of the simple mysteries of every-day life; John A. Bower prepared "Simple Experiments for Science Teaching"; and Prof. John F. Woodhull drew up a "First Course in Science" for school use. Vol. I of Elements of Atom Mechanics," by Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs, M. D., was devoted to "The True Atomic Weights of the Chemical Elements and the Unity of Matter"; Edward L. Nichols edited "A Laboratory Manual of Physics and Applied Electricity," Vol. I of which covered the junior course and was by Ernest Merritt and F. J. Rogers; while Vol. II, for seniors, was by George S. Moler, Frederick Bedell, E. L. Nichols, and others. Joseph Struthers, D. W. Ward, and Charles H. Willmarth contributed Chemistry and Physics" to the "Students' Series ": W. H. Perkin and F. S. Kipping wrote an Organic Chemistry," Paul C. Freer a " Descriptive Inorganic General Chemistry," as a college textbook; H. N. Chute a " Physical Laboratory Manual" for use in schools and colleges, and John A. Miller "An Outline of Qualitative Analysis." "Our Notions of Number and Space" were the theme of Herbert Nichols and William E. Parsons; a new revised and enlarged edition was made of "Matter, Ether, and Motion," by A. E. Dolbear; and in electricity we have The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla," by Thomas Commerford Martin. The Electric Transformation of Power and its Application by the Electric Motor," by Philip Atkinson, which included electric railway construction; "The Practical Application of Dynamo-electric Machinery," by Charles K. MacFadden and William D. Ray How to build Dynamo-electric Machinery," by Edward Trevert; " Electricity One Hundred Years Ago and To-day, with Copious Extracts," by Edwin James Houston; "Alternating Current Wiring and Distribution," by William Leroy Emmet; "How to become a Successful Electrician," by T. O'Connor Sloane; Electric Belt Construction" and "Practical Electrical Belt Fitting," by F. C. Allsop; "What an Engineer should know about Electricity," by Albert L. Clough; "The Magneto Hand Telephone," by Norman Hughes; and How to make and use the Telephone," by George H. Cary. The tenth, eleventh, and twelfth annual reports of the Bureau of Ethnology (Smithsonian Institution) were issued, covering the years 1888-'89, 1889-290, and 1890-'91.

History. Among the foremost are a History of the United States," in 2 volumes, by President E. B. Andrews; "A History of the United States for Schools," by John Fiske, whose study of "The War of Independence" was republished in the " Riverside Literature Series"; a " Dictionary of United States History, 1492-1894," four centuries of history, written concisely and arranged in dictionary form, by J. Franklin Jameson; and a " History of the United States,” by Allen C. Thomas. "Cartier to Frontenac," by Justin Winsor, considers geographical discovery in

the interior of North America in its historical relations, 1534-1700, and is accompanied with full cartographical illustrations from contemporary sources; C. Wyllys Betts's "American Colonial History Illus trated by Contemporary Medals," was edited, with notes, by W. T. R. Marvin and Lyman Haynes Low. Rev. Morton Dexter told again The Story of the Pilgrims"; a fourth edition was made of Samuel G. Arnold's" History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1636-1790," in 2 volumes. The Carolina Pirates and Colonial Commerce, 1670– 1760" were the theme of Shirley Carter Hughson in the "Johns Hopkins University Studies," as "The Struggle of Protestant Dissenters for Religious Toleration in Virginia" was that of Henry R. Mellwaine. "Documents relating to the French Settlements on the Wabash," by Jacob Piatt Dunn, were printed by the Indiana Historical Society, as well as " Slavery Petitions and Papers" collected by the same author. Vol. III of The Winning of the West," by Theodore Roosevelt, was devoted to "The Founding of the Trans-Alleghany Commonwealths, 1784-1790.” The Making of the Ohio Valley States, 1660–1837) was traced by Samuel Adams Drake in the "Stories of American History for Young Readers." John Spencer Bassett published "The Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina, 1663-1729," and Clark S. Mattesen wrote a "History of Wisconsin from Prehistoric to Present Periods." "A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1893," by Edgar Stanton Maclay, in 2 volumes, which won the highest commendation, was the result of nine years of labor and research; and “Our Navy: Its Growth, and Achievements," was also the theme of J. D. Jerrold Kelley. John Codman Ropes told "The Story of the Civil War" once more; J. W. Gibson prepared "A Chart History of the Civil War, 1861-1865," for the use of schools; "Following the Greek Cross" was the title of interesting memoirs of the Sixth Army Corps, by Gen. Thomas W. Hyde; Charles E. Davis, Jr., traced the Fifteenth Massachusetts Volunteers through “Three Years in the Army "; H. L. Hedgood compiled the "Veterans' Memorial Volume," a series of original and collected sketches, anecdotes, etc., relative to the late war and that of Texan independence; Vol. II was published of " Military Essays and Recollections," read before the Illinois Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, as was also a " History of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers." A history of the reconstruction period in Arkansas is contained in John M. Harrell's" Brooks and Baxter War." Rose N. Yawger made a historical study of the Iroquois League of the Six Nations in "The Indian and the Pioneer," Vol. I of which appeared; and Charles F. Lummis attempted the vindication of "The Spanish Pioneers. Anson Uriel Hancock contributed "A History of Chile" to the "Latin-American Republics Series and "Maximilian and Carlotta," by John M. Taylor, was a story of imperialism. J. I. Mombert, D. D., wrote "A Short History of the Crusades"; George Burton Adams considered Civilization during the Middle Ages, especially in Relation to Modern Civilization "; Ephraim Emerton's “ Mediæval Europe (814-1300) was written as a continuation of his "Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages"; " Europe in the Nineteenth Century," by Harry Pratt Judson, and "The Growth of the English Nation," by Katharine Coman and Elizabeth Kendall, both belong to " Chautauqua Reading Circle Literature." Mrs. Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer enjoyed peculiar advantages in the preparation of "England in the Nineteenth Century.' Brave Little Holland, and what she taught us was this year the theme of William Elliot Griffis, D. D., and again she was chronicled as "The Land of Pluck," by Mrs. Mary Mapes Dodge. Mary O. Nutting (Mary Barrett) was the historian of The Days of Prince Maurice." Twelve lectures on "The French Revolution, Tested by Mirabeau's Career," delivered by Hermann E. von Holst at the Lowell Institute, Boston, were collected, and filled 2 volumes;

John G. Alger's "Glimpses of the French Revolution" examined its myths, ideals, and realities; "The Evolution of an Empire," by Mrs. Mary Parmele, traced in brief the history of France; and to another woman, Helen Maria Williams, we are indebted for a "Narrative of Events which have taken place in France from the Landing of Napoleon Bonaparte on the 1st of March, 1815, to the Restoration of Louis XVIII." Edward T. Blair gave a faithful picture of "Henry of Navarre and the Religious Wars in a handsomely illustrated volume; historical sketches by J. Milliken Napier Brodhead were entitled "Slav and Moslem"; John Bonner wrote "A Child's History of Spain"; David Murray, after a residence of several years in the country, contributed "The Story of Japan" to the "Story of the Nations Series"; and Parts I and II appeared of the first volume of a "History of the Scandinavians and Successful Scandinavians in the United States," compiled and edited by O. M. Nelson. Pioneer life in Indiana is described in 4 papers on " Old Settlers," by Robert B. Duncan, published by the Historical Society of the State. Vols. III and IV appeared of Henry Graetz's History of the Jews," and Henry S. Morais gave the history of "The Jews of Philadelphia" from the earliest settlement to the present time. "A Facsimile of the Laws and Acts of the General Assembly for their Majesties' Province of New York," printed by William Bradford in 1694, was made on parchment by the Grolier Club, and accompanied with an historical introduction, notes on the laws, and appendices by Robert Ludlow Fowler; and other volumes of local historical interest were "The Records of Oxford, Massachusetts," by Mrs. Mary De Witt Freeland; "An Historical Sketch of Groton, Massachusetts, 1655-1890," by Samuel Abbott Green; "The History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut," in 2 volumes, by Henry R. Miles, M. D.; and Historic Green Bay, 1634-1840," by Ella Hoes Neville, Sarah G. and Deborah B. Martin. Two valuable works of reference are the "Library of Historic Characters and Famous Events of All Nations and All Ages," edited by A. R. Spofford. Frank Weitenkampf, and J. P. Lamberton, to be complete in 10 volumes, of which 2 were published during the year; and History for Ready Reference from the Best Historians, Biographers, and Specialists," by Josephus Nelson Larned, President of the American Library Association, and intended primarily for librarians. It will be complete in 5 imperial volumes, 3 of which appeared.

Housekeeping. As usual, but few works falling under this head were published during 1894, by far the most elaborate of all being "The Epicurean : A Franco-American Culinary Encyclopædia," a complete treatise of analytical and practical studies on the culinary art by Charles Ranhofer, filling 1,200 octavo pages, and illustrated. The "F. F. V. Receipt Book," by Mrs. Clement Carrington McPhail, contains over 800 receipts according to the famous "old Virginia" authorities. Mrs. Christine Terhune Herrick gave directions for "The Chafing-dish Supper," and Anne Frances Springsteed prepared a manual for the pantry, kitchen, and dining-room entitled "The Expert Waitress." "The Century Cook-Book," by Jennie A. Hansey, purported to be a collection of carefully tested household recipes in brief compass; while "The Woman's Book," including the treatment of all the larger subjects which to-day interest and concern women, fills 2 large volumes and is a veritable encyclopædia, with an index of 5,000 titles and 400 illustrations, many of them colored.

Jurisprudence. An unusually large number of law books are to be chronicled for 1894. Those intended to meet the wants of statesmen rather than the everyday requirements of members of the legal profession are Carmen F. Randolph's exposition of The Law of Eminent Domain in the United States":"An Essay on Judicial Power and Unconstitutional Legislation," being a commentary on parts of the Constitution of the United States, by Brinton Coxe; Parts I and II

of the first volume of "Cases on Constitutional Law, with Notes," by James Bradley Thayer; "Restrictions upon Local and Special Legislation in State Constitutions," by Charles Chauncey Binney; "A Manual relating to the Constitution, the Interpretation of Statutes, Etc.," a book of Massachusetts law, by George F. Tucker; and "The Judicial Interpretation by the United States Courts of the Acts of Congress relating to the Tariff," by William Wilkins Carr. "The Laws and Jurisprudence of England and America" were the subject of 12 lectures delivered before Yale University by John F. Dillon; James Kent's "Commentaries on American Law " were edited in 1 volume by William Hardcastle Browne; John D. Works treated of "Courts and their Jurisdiction," showing how such jurisdiction is conferred and the means of acquiring and losing it: Eugene Wambaugh suggested "Cases for Analysis," and a second edition was also made of his previous work upon "The Study of Cases." "Trial Procedure," by John C. Fitnam, "A Treatise on General Practice," in 2 volumes, by Byron K. and William F. Elliott, and a collection of "General Legal Forms and Precedents" for ordinary use, by James Jones and Henry Binmore, are useful manuals, as are "Forms of Federal Procedure," compiled, arranged, and annotated by Frank O. Loveland, and "Precedents and Forms of Indictments, Informations, Complaints, Etc.," adapted to practice in United States criminal and civil cases, by Oliver E. Pagin. "The Common Law" was the theme of a discourse delivered April, 1894, by Charles P. Daly, who traced its sources, nature, and development, showing what the State of New York has done to improve it; Charles Fisk Beach, Jr., filled 2 volumes with "A Treatise on the Modern Practice in Equity in the State and Federal Courts of the United States "; W. P. Willey wrote on "Procedure in the Common Law Actions, in Equity and in the Extraordinary Remedies"; Charles E. Phelps published "Judicial Equity abridged" for the use of students, in 2 parts; Part I appeared of the first volume of " A Selection of Cases on Equity Jurisdiction," by William A. Keener; Williain H. Silvernail proved an authority upon "Appeals from Inferior Courts of Civil Jurisdiction"; H. C. Underhill was the author of "A Treatise on the Law of Evidence,” and Evan B. Lewis examined “The Law of Expert Testimony." "A Manual of the Law of Pleading," by James G. Parks, contained a succinct compilation of the statutes and decisions in Tennessee on that subject; "The Art of Winning Cases, or Modern Advocacy," by Henry Hardwicke, was a practical treatise on preparation for trial and the conduct of cases in court; John Jay McKelvey investigated the Principles of Common Law Pleading"; a "Handbook of Common Law Pleading" emanated from Benjamin J. Shipman; "The Law of Pleading under the Codes of Civil Procedure," by Edwin E. Bryant, was accompanied by an introduction briefly explaining the common-law and equity systems of pleading; and a third edition was issued of" A Treatise upon the Law of Pleading under the Codes of Civil Procedure" of various States and Territories, by Philemon Bliss. "A Selection of Cases and Other Authorities upon Criminal Law," in 2 parts, and "A Short Selection of Illustrative Criminal Cases," by Joseph H. Beale; an exposition of the "Law of Crimes and Punishments," by John B. Minor, and a "Handbook of Criminal Law," by William L. Clark, Jr., cover this department. Ernest W. Huffeut and Edwin H. Woodruff edited "American Cases on Contract"; Vol. II appeared of" A Selection of Cases on the Law of Contracts," prepared by Samuel Williston for use as a text-book in Harvard Law School; and from the same author we have " A Selection of Cases on the Law of Sales of Personal Property." ." "Adams's Illustrative Cases on the Law of Sales were selected by professors of leading law schools to form a volume, and so named arbitrarily for purposes of identification merely. Part I of" The Principles of the Law of Real Property," by Christopher Stuart Patterson, upon