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One day, however, he asked his first wife to accompany him to the bush, and there she started to make sago. I go along house," said the man, by and by sundown I come back." And he left her but did not return at all. The woman waited for him all day, and finally it became dark. She called him by his name over and over again, but there was no answer. Presently a certain bad spirit (óboro, spirit of a dead person) came to her, and on seeing him, the woman thought, "Oh, that no man belong me! That (is) óboro he come, foot belong him all same pig," and she was greatly frightened. My girl, what name you make him?" the spirit said. „Oh, I make sago." "I hungry," said the spirit, whereupon she cooked a great quantity of sago and gave it to him, and he devoured it ravenously. She kept on feeding the spirit for a long time and gave him water, till at length he wanted to sleep, and she made his bed ready. In the middle of the night she tried to wake him up in order to see whether he really was asleep, 52 and as he did not stir she picked up her large knife (made of the wood of a sago palm) and ran away. She ran and ran as fast as she could and was near home when he came on in hot pursuit, and she had to climb a coconut tree. 23 The spirit ran past the tree without noticing her, but soon he scented his way back and found her in the tree. My God, I go kill you!" he cried. He summoned a great number of other spirits and said to them, "You fellow go on top that coconut tree, take him down that woman. You me (we) kaikai." And they all started to climb the tree, but she cut off a leaf-stalk with her knife and knocked them all down. Again the first spirit urged them on, but she threw a coconut at them, and they all fell. All night the spirits endeavoured to get at the woman but in vain, and at length daylight came.

Manúba got up and went himself to the bush. He found the coconut tree in which his wife was and thought to himself, "What's the matter that coconut tree he got no leaf, no got no coconut on top? Oh, poor wife belong me he stop!" He called out to the spirits,,,What name (why) you fellow humbug my woman?" and they all ran away, and she climbed down. She was very angry and did not say a word to her husband. He asked her to go in front of him on their way home, but she made him go first, and when they were close to the village she lifted her knife and broke his head in one blow, and he died. On arriving home, she said to the members of his family, "You fellow go take pig belong you fellow; I been kill him along road." They found the dead man and exclaimed, "My God, that woman belong him, he kill him that man!" and they carried him home. The woman said, That man he no savy me. He been take me first time; he make pickaninny along last woman, he no make pickaninny along me. He make fool along me, go cut sago, he leave me there." And she told the people her adventure in the bush (abbrev.). She left her husband's people and went to live with her own family, and they paid for the dead man. (Gibúma, Mawáta).

A. The first wife of a certain Kiwai man was neglected by him. One day he left her alone in the bush, and she was harassed by a spirit which had a body covered with hair and a long tail, not stuck underneath the belt like an ordinary dancing-tail but grown to his back. She gave the spirit food and water till it fell asleep, and then she escaped. Hotly pursued she climbed a coconut tree, and the spirit summoned the útumu (spirits of beheaded people) and ivióbóro (spirits of people who have hanged themselves, they carry a rope round their necks). These ghosts started to climb the tree but the woman knocked them down, and at daylight all the spirits returned to their abodes. The woman was fetched down by her husband, but she was furiously angry with him and killed him with her

large knife.

She said to his people, „Me been kill him pig belong you, leave him along road, you go catch him." Her family gave payment for the dead man. (Tom, Mawáta).

B.

Another similar version. The woman was found by a bad man who lived far away in the bush. He climbed the coconut tree in which she had taken refuge, but she threw. a coconut at his head and knocked him down. A man named Simóro who lived inside a large tree came and protected her. At daylight her husband came, and she killed him on their way home. (Káku, Mawáta).

C. The man left his first wife in the bush and went home to his second wife. A bad man named Kumábiri came and frightened her as in the previous version, and was given food and drink. She knocked him down with a coconut when he climbed up the tree, and then he summoned all sorts of spirits to help him but she defended herself successfully. Simóro came and protected her. Her husband arrived at last, and she killed him on their way home, asking his people to carry their dead pig" home. The fault was with the dead man. (Gabía, Ipisía).

"

THE DANCE OF THE „BUSHMEN" INSIDE A LARGE TREE.

173. A Kubíra man named Mipári once went to the bush with his bow and arrows looking for game. It was after sunset, and the bushmen" who lived inside a large tree were holding a dance there. Mipári remained outside to look on, and a „bushman" jumped out and asked him, "Where you come from?" "Me come along outside. What you fellow make him?" "Come on," the bushman said, „you me two fellow go inside tree." But Mipári was afraid, for the bushmen's dwelling was not like any house he had seen. The man kept on urging him, „By and by you look, you me (we) go inside my house." At last Mipári went into the tree with the bushman, who asked him to put down his bow. Mipári saw that it was a fine large house, and he joined in the dance.

When he was tired, he sat down for a while. There were many people present occupied with eating, drinking water, and smoking, but when they offered Mipári food, he said, "I no want kaikai, by and by me dead." "You kaikai," the same bushman said, "you no dead. You man, me fellow man." Then they ate together, drank water, and smoked and after a while got up to dance again.

At daybreak the bushman gave Mipári presents of food, saying to him, "You no throw away that kaikai, more better you kaikai. Me fellow no dead man, me fellow all same you fellow, you me (we) one (belong to the same) country."

Mipári's wife was weeping all night, but at last her husband returned. His father asked him, "Where you been sleep? Me fellow look round, me fellow cry for you. Where you been sleep?" "Me fellow been dance inside tree," Mipári said. „Oh, no, you no can go inside tree.“ „True, me fellow make dance inside tree." They gave him food, but he said, "Me fellow no want him." Then he went to sleep, for he had been up all night. At sundown Mipári said to a friend of his, „Come on, you me two fellow go bush," and they went together. When they came to the tree Mipári asked the bushmen, „You fellow dance again?" "Yes, me fellow dance." Mipári bade the other man, ,,Come on, you me two fellow go," but his friend said, "No, you go self, by and by I go back, I fright." Mipári went into the

tree, but the other man ran home. ,,Where Mipári?" the people asked him. "Oh, Mipári been go inside tree." ,,No good you ben run away," they said, "more better you too go inside tree." The bushmen all danced and Mipári with them. When he was tired, he sat down and ate, and afterwards danced again till daylight. Oh his leaving the bushmen gave him food, and he returned home. He scolded his friend who had run away from him (abbrev.). The people asked him, "What kind place you fellow make dance?" "Oh, all same this house me fellow dance." In the evening Mipári went to the same place in the bush taking his wife with him. But the woman was afraid and said to him, "More better you one man (alone) go inside that tree, me go back." Mipári held her hand, however, and when the bushmen opened the door, they both went in. Mipári said, "You look, this all same house belong you me (us), that good house." They were given food and slept in the house, but no dance was held there that night. On their return they were asked by the people where they had been. „Oh, me sleep along tree," Mipári said. The other women said to Mipári's wife, ,,Oh, that's no house. What way (how) you sleep?" "Oh, good fellow bed, all same bed belong you."

While Mipári was working in his garden, a bushman came to him and said, ,,Mipári, sundown you come, you sleep along my house." Mipári said, "I come inside, I no fright, me fellow friend, that my house." He went there again with his wife, and they slept in the tree till the morning.

Mipári was always the friend of the bushmen, but they never came to his house, for they were afraid. (Duába, Ipisía).

THE ILL-FATED GIVARI-MAN, SORCERER (no. 174-183).

In the Kiwai folk-lore the givári-dubu (literally sorcery-man) more or less ranks among the malevolent beings. In some cases he is one of the ordinary people, either in disguise or not, in others he appears as a mysterious personality outside the community at large and harmful to the people. Some of the tales of the givári-dubu (for instance numbers 182 and 183) are very like those of the origorúso and other malignant beings, and we have to remember in this connection that the nomenclature as regards some of the mythical beings is rather vague.

As a rule the givári-dúbu appears in the folk-tales as a person who may be killed as soon as discovered, and very often he falls the victim of his own machinations.

174. Long ago there lived in Kíwai a wild boy named Bádabáda. One night he was sitting in a banana garden when a great givári-man came into the garden to steal a bunch of bananas which he needed for making sorcery. Bádabáda had his bow and arrows with him and shot twice at the man hitting him in both sides under the armpits, 41 and the man fell dead. Although a young boy, Bádabáda was very stout-hearted, and he went up to the man to look at him. I think he dead altogether," he said, but he did not draw out the arrows. He then went home to sleep. In the morning the owner of the garden came to examine his bananas, and as he walked round, looking up at the ripe bunches, he stumbled over the dead man's body. "Aah!" he shrieked terrified, and called the other people. Who been shoot that big man?" everybody was asking, "Who been cut that banana? That dead man been cut him? Who been shoot him?"

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None of the people could solve the mystery, and Bádabáda who was afraid remained silent. He took his garden tools and slipped away to work. The dead man was buried by his friends, and a mourning feast was held.

If anyone sees a givári-man at night, the narrator concluded, he shoots him without further ado, and that is one reason why the people are careful to light a torch when going out in the dark, for givári-men go without a light. (Káku, Ipisía).

"

175. A certain Kíwai boy named Sigáge one moonlight night went hunting in the bush and shot a large pig which was killed on the spot. He left the arrow in the dead body and cut off the tail with a shell, placing it in his adigo (arm-guard) after the fashion of a koima (ornament worn in the adigo). A group of men were sitting together when Sigáge returned home, and he told them, I shoot him big fellow pig; one time he fall down, he no run away." "Oh," they said, "you no big boy, you no shoot him pig," but he produced the pig's tail from his adigo and placing it on the ground among the men said, "You look." Then they were convinced and said, "Oh, Sigáge, you small boy, you been shoot big fellow pig!" The next morning the pig was carried home, hanging underneath a large pole to which the feet were tied. A feast was held, and Sigáge's father invited the people to come and eat; „Boy belong me first time he shoot pig," he said, „altogether man come kaikai." The people all feasted on the meat of the pig, but on this first occasion Sigáge's father and mother did not eat any of it themselves.

Another night Sigáge shot four pigs in the bush, and on his return killed a fifth near home. He did not wake up the people but placed the five tails on a shelf, and there they were found the next morning. The people said to Sigáge, Oh, you good man, you strong man, you shoot him plenty pig." The pigs were carried home, and another great feast was held.

"

When the bananas were ripening, a givári-man one day came and looked at them and decided to come and steal a bunch the next night. That night Sigáge was out shooting, but he did not find a single pig. „Every time I been shoot him pig," he thought, „what's the matter I no shoot no pig this time? I think something wrong now." And he turned homewards, and after him came the givári-man from the garden carrying the bunch of bananas. On seeing Sigáge he put down his burden and waited till the former had walked out of sight. Then he picked up the bananas and proceeded on his way, but after a while he again saw Sigáge who was walking very slowly. In order to frighten him into quickering his pace he threw a piece of clay at a sago-palm, causing the leaves to rustle. „Oh, givári man he come behind," Sigáge concluded on hearing the sound, by and by I shoot him." He went on a short distance and then hid behind a tree, and the sorcerer who saw no sign of him marched on confidently. Then Sigáge drew his bow and shot an arrow through the man's stomach, and he dropped the bunch of bananas and fell into a creek close by. He was not killed and floated in the water, till he came near the village. There he staggered up and tried to get into his house but fell down dead. Sigáge carried the bananas home.

In the morning the givári-man was found and the people said, "What's the matter that man he dead? Oh, some man been shoot him!" The friends of the man bewailed his death and buried him.

The owner of the banana garden missed the bunch which had been stolen and got into a rage. Who cut that banana?" he cried,,,Night-time some man been steal him. That no other man he take him, Sigáge he take him." And he seized his bow and arrows and went for Sigáge, and they had a regular quarrel. I no steal banana belong you," protested Sigáge, but ,,I the other man persisted, "Oh, no, you no make him garden, you no got no banana self, you been steal my banana." "You no talk," said Sigáge, „,banana belong you, givári-man been cut him. I shoot him that man to night. That givári-man they dig him ground now, all them people cry, you hear him. Banana he stop house belong me. You no come take him daytime, by and by friend belong that man find out, make givári. You come little bit dark, night-time." And in the evening the rightful owner came and fetched his bananas. The friends of the dead giváriman wondered, "Who shoot him that man night-time?" But they could not find out, for Sigáge remained silent and so did the owner of the banana garden. (Káku, Ipisía).

176. A certain Ipisía man used to fish every night with a gonéa (conical trap of basket-work which is held in the hand and tilted over the fish in shallow water). A givári-man, who wanted some fish, one night went after him and met him at the creek. „Ei! who that you?" the man exclaimed. What name (why) you come?" "I come look you. You give me altogether fish." "No," the man said, you catch him fish self." "Suppose you give me fish, I learn (teach) you givari." "You got givári?" Yes, I got givári." Then the man gave him all his fish and said, "All right, you no learn him (that) this time, another day you learn me." night the man only brought his wife three fishes. You no talk," he whispered to her, giváriman been come behind, he speak, 'You give me altogether fish, I give you givári.' I give him plenty fish. You no speak." All right, I no speak."

arrow.

The next day the two men arranged to meet again in the same place. But the fishermancalled his friends to come and said to them, ,,Night-time you come that place, you take bowGivári-man he come, you shoot him." After nightfall the men fully armed went and lay in ambush close to the creek, waiting for the two fellows to come. They arrived and started to fish as on the previous night. The man who was to be taught sorcery talked in a loud voice, SO as to let the others know where he and the sorcerer were. One of the men lying in wait got up, pointed out to the rest where the sorcerer was, for it was very dark, and drew his friend aside, and the next moment all the others rushed up and shot their arrows at the givári-man till he was dead. Then they left him on the beach and went home.

In the morning the givári-man was missed by his friends, who began to search for him. He was found by some women who went to catch crabs: „Oh! oh! givári-man he stop there (here), somebody shoot him, plenty arrow stand up!" The friends of the dead man came and took charge of his body, saying, "All time he make him givári, that's why all people he shoot him." (Káku, Ipisía).

177. Anéga, an Iása man, used to catch fish by angling, and his wife cooked them. He was a great man who entertained many people, and they came and sat down at his fireplace, yarning and smoking. One night a givári-man went underneath the house and peeped in through a hole in the floor. One of the men in the house noticed that there was something underneath