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137, 337, and 406, as conclusive evidence (the last particularly) of hostility to Calvinism; a point which he maintained to be further confirmed by several passages in your description of modern characters.

These proofs I replied were by no means satisfactory, being all drawn from the papers of correspondents, for whose sentiments you professed not to be responsible. My friend, however, denied that there was any weight in my objection, so long as the power of exclusion remained in your hands; a power which he said he knew you had freely exercised with respect to the papers of some Calvinists. It was not necessary, however, he added, to resort to disputable evidence in support of his charge, as it was fully substantiated by what had fallen from your own pen. He cited, as examples, the denial of the doctrine of reprobation, (Vol. I. p. 304, and Vol. II. p. 97); the affirmation of the doctrine of general redemption, and the admission that strong Calvinism is not held by the Church of England, (Vol. I. p. 304); the unmerited commendation given to Arminianism, (Vol. I. p. 793); the unguarded expressions as to the extent of Christ's satisfaction, (Vol. II. p. 29); and the attempt to fritter away the plain and obvious meaning of Rom. vii. 14; to say nothing, in this place, of the review of Overton's work and Gisborne's Sermons, on which he largely insisted, but of which I shall have occasion myself presently to speak.

The defence of Calvinists from the misrepresentations of their adversaries, he said, was not in your circumstances to be avoided, the slanders being frequently too gross to be overlooked, with any hope of retaining a character for impartiality; but yet you always appeared to him exceedingly dexterous in contriving, while you attempted to raise the individual whom you defended into estimation, to sink their distinguishing tenets somewhat lower in the scale of doctrinal importance.

I certainly did not concur with my friend in most of these remarks; nor should I myself have been disposed to cite many of the above examples as proofs of your Arminianism; not only because I agree with you in holding that general redemption is aflirmed, and that the doctrine of reproba

tion is not maintained in our articles; but because I think it right to allow a considerable latitude of opinion to your correspondents, and because I do not perceive any remarkable proots of partiality in your admission of their contributions. I have been particular. however, in communicating to you the opinions of my friend, because I believe it to be a pretty fair specimen of the views entertained of your work by such of your readers as concur with him in their doctrinal opinions.

But although I and many of my brethren, who are more moderate in our sentiments, do not go quite so far as my friend in condemning your conduct, yet we are by no means satis fied with your neutrality. Indeed, from the time I read the review of 0verton and that of Gisborne, I Lave considered you as justly liable to be taxed with a departure from your avowed indifference to the tenets peculiar to Arminianism and Calvinism, and as decidedly, though moderately, Arminian. I question whether any tenet is avowed in your work, to which Arminius himself would not have acceded; and in the reviews in question you seem to me to favour his peculiarities.

The circumstances in the review of Overton's book, which have chiefly contributed to produce this impression in my mind are, your evident anxiety to prove the Church of England not calvinistic; your unnecessary and unseasonable digression to those partial views of Christianity which prevail in some religious circles; your elaborate exposure of the minute faults of that excellent work; and the cold and guarded commendation you bestow upon it. But in your review of Gisborne's Sermons, you appear to me, notwithstanding your subsequent explanations, (Vol. I. p. 551,) to have departed still more from the line of neutrality, which you originally and very properly promised to maintain.

In advancing this charge, I have immediately in view your introduc tion, without any censure, of an extract from Mr. Gisborne's Sermons, (Vol. I. p. 371,) evidently levelled at what the author supposes to be Calvinism. This certainly looks like a departure from strict neutrality; for I can see no reason, if you were really desirous of acting a fair and impartial part, why you should have lost so convenient an opportunity of stating, what

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intended to put our readers fairly in possession of a variety of important questions, which Mr. Overton's book professed to discuss and to decide. Mr. Overton is made to speak for himself throughout the whole of that analysis, which is not interrupted by a single expression either of praise or blame, excepting a few words signi

you must know to be the genuine sentiments of all sober and judicious Calvinists. You might have thus expressed yourself. By many of his readers Mr. Gisborne will be supposed to level, what he says on the subject of ascribing 'delusive offers to the Most High' at Calvinism. With whatever truth these words may be applied to the system avowed by certain supra-lap-fying our agreement with the author sarian divines, it is but justice in us, who wish to be mediators and not parties in the controversy, to remark that they are not fairly applicable to the sublapsarian hypothesis adopted by all sober and intelligent Calvinists of the present day; who think they sufficiently disembarrass themselves from all such consequences, by that distinction between a moral and a natural inability, which they conceive not more founded in the nature of things than recognized in every page of scripture." Or if unwilling to enter so much into detail you might have remarked, that "many Calvinists so explain their sentiments that this pass says the charge of undue partiasage does not affect them.".

On reading over my letter, I am doubtful whether you may not mistake my meaning, when I speak of myself and brethren as Calvinists. I wish you to understand, that it is only in conformity with common language that I have adopted this designation. More accurately speaking we are Augustinians rather than Calvinists; for very few, I believe, within the establishment, hold all Calvin's doctrines, neither most clearly does the Church of England.

G. S. O. P. M.

WE are obliged to both our correspondents for their friendly expostulations; but we think it necessary, with the view of obviating misconception, to subjoin a few remarks on what has fallen from them.

We readily admit that there appears, at first sight, to be much force in what xos has said; but in order to ascertain its real amount, it may be proper to notice distinctly each of the five reasons which he has produced, as affording a ground for imputing to us a predilection for Calvinism.

1. The lengthened analysis of Mr. Overton's work, which appeared in our first numbers, may have been injudicious, but it affords, we apprehend, no evidence of a party spirit. It was

in the opinion he has given, that our, articles were not framed on the precise theological system of John Calvin. No other mark of approbation occurs in the course of four numbers, except in the first four lines of the review, viz. "This work is evidently the result of much careful and laborious research, and is executed with ability and candour." We mention the cir- cumstance with no view of detracting from the merited commendation we thought ourselves called upon, in our fifth number, to bestow on Mr. O.'s work; but to shew that, in the four first numbers of our review, on which

lity to that writer is grounded, nothing occurs to substantiate the charge. Our concluding remarks can alone be referred to as indicating our sentiments on the points discussed by Mr. Overton; and these, it will be found, are so far from proving our Calvinism, that by Calvinists, who must best know their own system, they are adduced, we think without reason, as clear evidence of our Arminianism.

2. Our controversy with Dr. Kipling arose, not from his Anti-calvinisın, but from the necessity we were under of exposing the weakness of his reasoning and the unfairness of his representations, and of reprehending the acrimony of his style. Our dispute with Mr. Daubeny, into which we entered with great unwillingness, involved no question in any way connected with Calvinism.

3. We trust that, in discerning minds, the hostility of the Anti-jarobin Reviewers will operate little to our disadvantage; since they are not more opposed to the tenets of Calvin than they have shewn themselves to be, on seve ral occasions, to points which every pious Arminian holds to be essential to salvation, and especially to that charity which suffereth long and is kind, doth not behave itself unseemly, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil, and rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth. We must be content to re

sign those to their prejudices who regard the hostility of the Anti-jacobin reviewers, as a proof of our Calvinism. 4. When worthy men are maligned merely because they are thought to be Calvinists, or when their tenets are misrepresented, or charged with practical consequences, which they unequivocally disavow and condemn, we deem it an essential duty to undertake their vindication. We shall be no less ready, however, to rescue the pious Arminian from any censure which may attach to him merely on the ground of his Arminianism, as well as to detect any misrepresentations of the tendency of that system which may fall in our way. It has happened, indeed, since the commencement of our labours, that the adversaries of Arminianism have given us little opportunity of rectifying their misapprehensions, or blaming their vehemence; while the war has been carried on against Calvinism with much heat and asperity, and, we may add, occasionally, with great ignorance of the real merits of the question at issue. There is a species of sophistry which has been successfully practised by writers of no mean name in the present day, but which it especially becomes the Christian Observer to expose and detect, with whatever obloquy the execution of the duty may be attended. We mean the dishonest art of bestowing some obnoxious name upon the particular tenets which it is the object of an author to attack. Thus have the advocates for the abolition of the slave trade been vilified as Jacobins; and thus have some of the most essential doctrines of our holy religion been attacked through the sides of Calvinism. But shall we abandon the defence and assertion of these doctrines-original sin, salvation by grace, justification by faith, and sanctification by the holy spirit; the absolute necessity of the renewal of the human heart in the image of God, of mortification to the world, and of entire devotedness to the service of Christ, merely because Mr. Fellowes, Dr. Gleig, Dr. Croft, the Anti-jacobin Reviewers, or some others, of whom we had hoped better things, choose to render the defence of any or all of these doctrines difficult or invidious, by confounding them with the peculiarities of Calvin? An attentive observer will likewise not fail to discover, that the stigma of

Calvinism is often incurred by indivi duals who have no title to be so designated; and that, consequently, those who may have occasion to plead their cause will be involved in the same condemnation. There is, certainly, a great impropriety in the appropriation of this name to many of the individuals within the Church who have obtained it. And it is a curious fact, that the Anti-jacobin Reviewers did not, for a long time, discover, (if they have yet discovered) that the followers of Mr. Wesley, (called by way of distinction the Arminian Methodists) were not Calvinists.

5. The preponderance of Calvinism or Arminianism in the writings of our correspondents seems to be a question between 15 and G. S. O. P. M. We must leave our readers to decide it for themselves.

We shall confine our notice of the letter of G. S. O. P. M. to the two points on which he himself insists. We do not mean to enter upon the defence of our review of Overton's work: the subjects which it involves are too wide and complicated. A presumption of our impartiality in that review arises, however, from the dissatisfaction it seems to have given both to Calvinists and Arminians. We confess that we never entertained a hope in our review of that publication of satisfying either party.

With respect to the review of Gisborne's Sermons, we should have thought our former explanation (Vol. I. p. 371) sufficient. We shall add to it one remark. There are, certainly, persons to be found, to whom the charge of "ascribing delusive offers to the Most High" may be applied. G. S. O. P. M. admits that there are. Mr. Gisborne then only attacked an error which is acknowledged even by moderate Calvinists to exist, and which is unquestionably of dangerous tendency. Whence, may we not therefore ask, arises the alarm which his attack has raised among them? Only as it would appear from a too jealous apprehension of being themselves implicated in the charge. Had the same sentiment been uttered by a Calvinist, it would have excited no emotion in their breasts; they would have pointed it without hesitation against the Antinomian. But surely an Arminian may be supposed to point his weapon directly at Antinomianism as well as a Calvinist.

To conclude. Our original object in the work we have undertaken was to promote the peace and purity of the Church, and this object, we say it without hesitation, notwithstanding the suspicion of party views which has attached to us, we have continued uniformly to pursue. Our earnest prayer is, "That God would give us all grace to put away from us all rancour of religious dissension; that they

who agree in the essentials of our most holy faith, and look for pardon through the merits and intercession of the Saviour, may, notwithstanding their differences upon points of doubtful opinion, and in the forms of external worship, still be united in the bonds of Christian charity; and fulfil his blessed Son's commandment of loving one another as he hath loved them."

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL INTELLIGENCE, &c. &c.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Is the press, a new edition of GRAINGER'S Biographical History of England, in 4 vols. 8vo. on fine wove paper, with a capital Portrait of the Author; with a Supplement to the 4 vols. by an eminent Collector.-The Posthumous Works of HENRY HUNTER, D. D. in 3 vols. 8vo.-New editions, by Mr. WILLIAM JONES, of ADAM'S Geometrical and Graphical Essays, and his Lectures on Natural and Experimental Philosophy, both considerably improved-A History of Animal Chemistry, with a copious Index; by Mr. W. B. JOHNSON, in 3 vols. Svo.-Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Darwin, in 1 vol. Svo. by Miss SEWARD.-A third volume of the Life and Writings of W. CowPER, Esq. consisting of original Letters, edited by Mr. HAYLEY; and a new edition of the first and second volumes.-A new System of Farriery, including the improved mode of treatment and prescriptions recommended by the Veterinary College in every disease of difficult management, with plates, by Mr. FEROU, veterinary surgeon to the thirteenth regiment of light dragroons. A new and improved edition of BYRON'S Short hand, edited by Mr. MoLINEUX, of Macclesfield.

Mr. THOMAS MORTIMER, formerly British Vice Consul at Ostend, is preparing for the press an interesting work, in 1 vol. royal quarto, with numerous elegant plates, entitled Historical and Biographical Memoirs of the Jews in Great Britain, from the Era of their First Establishment to the present Time; in which will be introduced a review of the national advantages in respect to commerce, public credit, and finançial resources, which result from the protection and encouragement which the Jews enjoy under our excellent constitution; contrasted with the persecutions, prohibitions, and restrictions, to which they are subjected in other countries on the continent of Europe.

The Posthumous Works of Mr. ARCHI

BALD ARTHUR, late Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow, will speedily be published. They consist of Discourses, Theological and Literary. Some account of the Life and Character of the Author will be given, by Professor Richardson, of the same university.

Seeds, when not sufficiently ripe, will swim; but when arrived at full maturity will fall to the bottom.

FRANCE.

M. CATHALA, a French architect, has invented a method of employing tiles for the roofs of houses, by which one half of the quantity usually required for that purpose sufficient. The tiles are made of a square, instead of an oblong form. The of the angles, so that when fastened to the hook by which they are fastened is at one laths they lie diagonally. Every tile is edges by the row above. covered one-fifth part on each of its upper A Mr. Chiffey obtained a patent in London, some little time since, for laying slates in a similar

manner.

NORTH AMERICA.

A Board of Agriculture has been established at Philadelphia. The establishment of such a society was a favourite measure with the late Gen. Washington.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

It appears by the last letters from Capt. BAUDIN, who is employed by the French Government on a voyage of discovery, that the population of Port Jackson, and the adjacent places occupied by the English, amounts to six thousand persons, who are chiefly employed in agriculture. The natives have retired to the interior of the country in proportion as the English have advanced into it. They are, however, frequently met with, but never in considerable numbers. They have lost but little of their primitive habits. The live stock has

so much increased, that in the month of August 1802, there were reckoned 800 bulls, 3,600 cows, 6,000 sheep, 1,800 goats, and more than 10,000 hogs.

It is no small proof of the flourishing state of our settlement in New South Wales, that it is able to support a weekly newspaper. A publication of this description has been recently established. We

regret to observe, that, after a few Dumbers had been published, the original day of publication was changed, upon pretext of convenience, to Sunday. It seems to betray lamentable supineness in the government of a colony so peculiarly cir cumstanced, that it could thus suffer the sanctions of religion to be weakened.

The List of new Publications is unavoidably deferred.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

By letters received from the Missionaries at OTAHEITE, dated October 1802, it appears that they were in good health.

Mr. Kicherer, one of the Missionaries who has been employed among the Hottentots near the CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, bas arrived in this country accompanied by three Hottentot converts, whose conversation is said to indicate a very considerable progress in religious knowledge, while their general deportment shews, that that knowledge has had its proper and corresponding influence on their character and conduct.

Mr. Kicherer reports, that a Missionary of the name of Kock had been sent, by the Missionary Society at the Cape, to the Briques or Pitsooanas, seven days journey from the Orange River, whose account, after residing for a year among these people, is to the following effect.

"The Briquas are more civilized than

the other tribes in that part of Africa. They raise some corn, and live in large villages built with regularity. Their language is easily acquired. Their chief is favourable to the mission, and expressed a willingness himself to receive instruction; and a similar disposition was manifested by many of the people." In consequence of these and other encouraging appearances, the society had resolved to send three more Missionaries into that country, and Messrs. Lumbert, Jansy, and W. Korter were chosen for that purpose.

Letters have been received from TAXTARY, dated Sept. 26th, which give a favourable account of the progress of the mission sent thither by the Edinburgh Society. Mr. Brunton's family, together with some additional Missionaries, tad joined the mission. We hope in cur next to give more particular details respecting this interesting experiment.

VIEW OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS.

FRANCE.

Twenty-five vessels which belonged to the French flotilla of invasion, were discovered on the 16th inst. stealing along the coast from Cape La Hogue to Cherbourg, by La Poulette sloop of war and the Liberty brig, which gave them chase and drove the whole of them, it is said, on the rocks. The boats of the English vessels succeeded, however, in bringing off three of the enemy's flotilla without sustaining any mischief.

The First Consul is said to have left Paris, in order to superintend the embarkation of his troops; and it is added, in one of the Hamburgh papers, that orders have been issued, when the French shall have effected a landing in England, to hoist the red flag, and issue a proclamation that no quarter will be given.

The French Government have determined on dismantling Brussels and thirtynine other towns of Belgium, and rasing their fortifications.

TURKEY.

The accounts from Egypt are somewhat coutradictory; but they unite in representing the situation of that country as truly deplorable. The Beys are said to have raised the siege of Alexandria, for the purpose of saving Cairo from the threatened attack of Abdul Wechab, who, at the head of a vast army, after having defeated the force sent against him in Arabia, threatened to lay waste Egypt, if his authority was not acknowledged by the Beys.

WEST INDIES.

The accounts from ST. DOMINGO Continue to represent the French cause as absolutely desperate. Disease and famine unite with the negroes in daily thinning the ranks of the French army. Rochambeau is said to express his determination to keep possession of the Cape till the last blood-hound is eaten.

Agents from the Negro Chiefs are said

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