thousand distinct insects in the author's collection, several hundred birds, many amphibials, and various rare animals of the Russian provinces of Livonia, Erthonia, and Courland. M. Drunpelmann has all the talents requisite for a naturalist; for to great industry and acuteness of observation, he adds the desideratum of being an excellent designer and painter. The whole of the drawings are his own production, and he assiduously superintends the engraving and colouring of the plates. The text will be Latin, German, and Russian. Independently of this splendid work, we have to announce, from the same country, M. Pallas's Illustrationes Plantarum imperfecte vel nondum cognitarum, cum Centuria Iconum,"Description of Plants unknown, or known but imperfectly, with a hundred Plates." It is sufficient to observe that this work evinces the common accuracy of this excellent scholar and philo-.sopher. Before we quit this branch of science we must return to Germany, to notice M. Londes's Verzeichniss der wildwuchsenden Pflangen Systematic Catalogue of Plants growing spontaneously in the Environs of Göttingen;" apparently selected with much care, and unquestionably described with much accuracy: the Samlung der Wurzeln "Herbal," published at Salsburg by M. Piers, of which the first number only has hitherto made its appearance, correctly designed from the plants themselves properly prepared and fixed on pasteboard; and the "Grosbritbanien's Conferven" of M. M. Weber and Mohn, published at Göttingen, and which, as in truth it professes to be, is a literal version of Dillwyn's "Synop sis of British Conferve." 1806. In the department of zoology, M. M. Wolf and Meyn have published at Nuremburg the first nine numbers of their very excel. lent Naturgeschichte der Voegel Deutschlands- Natural History of German Birds," described and designed from nature. The work when completed will be full and characteristic. To every species is added the German, French, Latin and English synonyms; the genuine and specific criteria follow, including their original country, habits, food, mode of propagation and nidification; their useful or noxious qualities: with occasional anatomical remarks. M. M. Beckstien and Scharfenberg have, in like manner, commenced conjointly a work entitled Vollständige Naturgeschichte der schadlichen Forstinsekten" The Natural History of Insects which are detrimental to Forests." The first volume only is yet printed, at the Leipsic press, and is a quarto of 290 pages, with three plates of engravings. In the continuation of the work is to be given, the history of useful insects which favour the growth of trees by destroying those that are pernicious. We do not much admire the classification, but the descriptions are well drawn up, chiefly from Linnéus and Fabricius. A very splendid history of European Phalana is now publishing at Breslaw, under the superintendence of M. Louis de Müller. It is entitled Abbildungen Europæischen NachtSchmetterlinge. It is published in two editions, a folio and quarto: of the former, not more than forty copies are to be printed; of the latter, not more than sixty. This limitation seems absurd: the work will be terminated in six or seven numbers---the folio copy six rix dollars, the quarto three. A more 2 B useful, 1 useful, though less magnificent publication is presented by M. G. S. Manski, in his Naturgeschichte der Haustbicre- Natural History of domestic Animals." It is an octavo volume, printed at Posen, and is chiefly designed for agriculturists and other rural economists, who will find in it a treasure of valuable information. We must not omit to mention that in FRANCE, M. M. Humboldt and Bonpland have undertaken an expensive work on "Equinoxial Plants," being chiefly the result of their own actual observations. A fascicle is to be published every fortnight; and the few numbers that have yet reached us are executed with great care. M. P. J. Redoute, painter to the museum of natural history, in his Liliacés-" The Liliaceous Tribes," has engaged in a very expensive and magnificent undertaking. This is also highly embellished with coloured prints, and published in separate fascicles, or livraisons. M. J. Saint-Hilaire has presented his countrymen with an agreeable work, but upon a much smaller scale, in his Plantes de France décrites et peintes d'après Nature" The Plants of France described and painted from Nature." His merit is well known from his antecedent labours, and the present will certainly produce no loss of credit to him. To the agriculturist we cannot but recommend a thin octavo voJume lately published at Paris by M. Fanon, "On the Causes of the Decay of Forests, and the easiest and most economical Means of restoring them." The observations here offered are the result of thirty years close attention to the subject discussed. Upon general agriculture France has this year offered us two distinct works entitled to notice: the one is M. Poinsot's Ami des Cultivateurs, &c." The Farmer's Friend," in 2 vols. 8vo. containing plain and easy rules for obtaining good crops of every kind; with the requisite information for the management of live-stock, poultry, corn, wine, hay, timber; directions for the treatment of the diseases of cattle, and for superintending bees and silkworms. The other is entitled Cours complet d'Agriculture théorique, pratique, economique, &c. "A complete Course of Agricul ture, theoretical and practical, including Rural Economy and the Veterinary Art." This course is given in an alphabetical form: it is, moreover, upon a larger scale than the former work, and occupies two volumes in quarto: it is nevertheless interior in value: it is too diffuse upon trifling subjects, and displays too general an ignorance of late improvemen's. Hauy is still, we perceive, taking the lead among the mineralogists of France, and triumphing over Werner. His system, nomenclature, and terminology, have been offered to the publicin two new forms in the course of the year before us, and both are worthy of attention. The one is the Tableau Methodique of M. J. A. H. Lucas, joint keeper of the galleries of the museum of natural history; which affords, from Hatiy's own treatise, a complete series of the characters of minerals, and contains the more recent discoveries. Subjoined is an indication of the geologic position of each species; and an abridged description of the collection of minerals belonging to the museum of natural history. The other work we refer to is M. Deveaux's Tab. leau Synoptique "Synoptic View of Minerals, arranged according to the Method of Hauy." To the sy nopsis is addeda terminology, which is sufficiently clear and compre hensive. The whole is designed to supply the place of the methodic table of the late venerable Daubenton, which, from the numerous discoveries that have been recently made in this science, has for many years become obsolete. We will here add, that M. Graffenauer has published at Strasburg a "Treatise on the practical or economie Mineralogy of Alsace"-Essaie d'une Minéralogie Alsacienne économique des Departmens du Haut et du Bas Rhin; which the surveyor of mines may peruse with much benefit: the work is to be continued. M. Doulcet has also performed an acceptable service to the science by the publication of his Dictionnaire Oryctographique; it is a portable octavo, and gives the general analyses and specific gravities with sufficient accuracy for common in formation. In chemistry and experimental philosophy we can only find time to mention, that M. J. Baader, chief hydraulic engineer to his Bavarian majesty, has published his "Projet d'une nouvelle Machine hydraulique," with explanatory plates, in conformity with the wish expressed by the National Institute, whose committee appointed to investigate it were highly pleased with the invention. Its object is to simplify the present means of supplying the town and gardens of Versailles with water. Lest we should elsewhere forget it, we will here add, that the very excellent work of Wiebeking on hydraulic architecture (Wasserbaukunst,) is still continued with its accustomed spirit, and that the fourth volume is now completed.. SPAIN is much indebted to the liberality of his Catholic majesty, who has had printed, at his own expense, a very useful Curro di Quimica general aplicada a las Artes"General Course of Chemistry as applicable to the Arts," drawn up for this purpose by Don Joseph Maria de S. Cristobal, and Don Jos. Gariga y Buaca. It occupies two volumes octavo; and is accompanied with a variety of wellexecuted and explanatory plates. M. Michelotti, late mathematical professor in the university of Turin, has also published his Saggio Idrografico del Piemonte-" Essay on the Hydrography of Piedmont;" a work of much value in hydrostatics. It is dedicated to the prince-regent of Portugal: and his royal highness has been so much pleased with it as to command a translation of it into PORTUGUEZF, which has accordingly been effected by father Francesco Furtado de Mendonça, under the title of Ensayo Hydrograpbico del Piedmonte. We also perceive that the mathematical and philosophical works (Obras, &c.) of M. Francis de Borja Stockler, are now printing progressively at the Lisbon press. We have received only the first volume: it consists of six eulogies; a discourse addressed to the president of the royal society; a memoir on the original ty of the maritime discoveries of the Portugueze in the fifteenth century, which we recommend to the perusal of our own excellent and enlightened countryman captain Burney; and a mathematical paper addressed to M. Falkel. On the subject of geography we have to notice Muller's "Neueste Allgemeine Geographie der Gegenwärtigen Zeit," of which the first volume only has yet appeared; and which seems to fulfil the author's professed object, of containing the latest changes:-a great fultitude 2 B2 of of chorographic and topographic publications from different German presses: Mascheroni's "Geometria del Compasso," ably translated from the Italian into French by M. Cha rette. M. Romme's "Tableau des Vents, des Marées et des Courans," accompanied with important reflections on these phænomena, many of which mimately coincide with M. Capper's antecedent observations: and M.Puissant's "Traité deGéodé sie;" or Explanation of the trigonometrical and astronomical methods which have been applied to the measurement of the earth-with explanatory plates and tables. The science of astronomy has presented us, among other valuable works, with Dr. Shroeter's "Lilienthalische Beobachtungen der neu-entdeckten Planeten" Observations made at Lilienthal on the newly discovered Planets Ceres, Pallas, and Juno," with a view to the accurate determination of their real magnitudes, their atmospheres, and other remarkable physical relations in the solar system: various systems of astronomy by Maier, Gelpke, and Buria: Biot's "Traité élémentaire d'Astronomie physique," in 2 volumes 8vo.; and M. Legendre's "New Method of determining the Orbits of Comets," in one vol. 8vo. M. A. M. Legendre has published a very excellent geometrical treatise on land-surveying; and M.M. Mechain and Delambre have just given to the public the first volume of their most useful labours and scientific operations to determine the best mode of carrying into effect an uniformity of weights and measures. It is a work which ought to be in the hands of every statist and legislator, and has obtained an advantage for France which we should like to see partaken of by our own countrymen. It is printed in aquarto form, and entitled "Base du Systéme Mètrique Décimal; ou Mesure de l'Arc du Méridien entre les Paralleles de Dunkerque et Barcelone." On the subject of military sciences and the art of war we shall notice, that a variety of magazines and repositories (Archiv), have of late appeared in Germany, containing an account of whatever is novel or worthy of record in these too popu kar pursuits, and inspiring the inhabitants with a love of them. A posthumous work of the celebrated Cormontaigne, marechal de camp, who ranks in the line of engineering immediately next to Vauban, has been published at Paris, entitled, "Memorial pour la Defense de Places:" it is intended as a companion to the same author's well-known "Memorial pour l'Attaque;" and is possessed of equal merit. At Stockholm, major Sturtzenbechen, who has lately commenced, under the title of Ingenieur Lexicon, a very useful dictionary of surveying, has also published a course of "Lectures on Fortification," in 3 vols. 8vo. with plates. Major Gripenburg has given a treatise" On the Manner of drawing Military Maps, and distinguishing the Objects with Precision:" and sir E. H. Chapman, vice-admiral of the Swedish navy, in a very splendid quarto volume, enriched with forty folio plates, and dedicated to his Swedish majesty, has published at Carlskrona, under the title of Försök till en Theoretisk afbandlung, &c.: a very important essay towards a new theory on the subject of giving to line-of-battle ships their proper form and dimensions; with observations on frigates and other armed vessels. CHAP. CHAPTER III. MORAL AND POLITICAL: Giving a Glance at the principal Productions of Germany, France, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Italy, Portugal, America. THE HE limits to which we are confined will not suffer us to do full justice to the extensive department upon which we are now entering. We have already exceeded our bounds, and shall be able to do little more than offer a catalogue of the works of most value upon the various topics it embraces, as they have fallen into our hands, and add such occasional observations as they may seem imperatively to demand. The chief historical productions that have reached us from Germany are, professor Eichhorn's Geschichte der drey letzten Jahrhunderte "History of the last three Centuries," 6 vols. octavo: M. Planch's Geschichte des Papsttbums- History of the Papacy in the Western Churches from the Middle of the seventh Century:" M. Schröck's Christliche Kirchengeschichte "History of the Christian Church since the Reformation," of which two volumes have been antecedently published: Die Entdekungen des neunzehnter Jahrhunderts—“The Discoveries of the nineteenth Century as far as relates to Geography and a Knowledge of different Nations," by M. T. Hoepfner, of Erfort; the third volume of Posselt's Geschichte der Deutschen-" History of the Germans ;" and the third volume of Rüh's Geschichte Schwedens-"History of Sweden." With the voluminous history of M. Eichhorn, we have upon the whole been well satisfied as an historian, however, he is a far more timid writer than as a theologian; he does not dare to question the conduct of Bonaparte, as he has dared to question the authenticity of the pentateuch, and even at times, as it should seem, the conduct of the Deity himself. Yet we are aware that the present state of the continent will not allow a man of independent spirit-and such we know is the professor-to express all the feelings he would wish to do. Upon every other point the historian writes with sufficient energy and fearlessness: he has spared no pains in his search after authorities, and whoever reads him may rely upon him. In M. Planck's Papal History we perceive nothing of prominent merit or defect. Hoepfner's work is altogether a compilation, but, upon the whole, from writers of credit; Bergman has furnished him with his account of the Calmucks, and Percival with his history of Ceylon. In France the historic production of by far the most consequence, on a variety of accounts, is the posthumous works of Louis XIV. which already extend to six octavo volumes, and may perhaps, in a short time, reach double the number. It was not till of late known that this extraordinary prince was a writer of any kind; but admitting the genuineness of the works in question, it now appears that he was not only a writer, but one of the most brilliant and polished writers, as well as one of the most accurate and profound reasoners of his age. It seems that 2 B 3 there |