State.

Nevada, 1899

Export of game prohibited by State laws-Continued.

New Hampshire..........

New Jersey, 1900. .
New Mexico, 1899.

New York, 1900..

North Carolina, 1883.

North Dakota

Ohio, 1900.

Oklahoma, 1899.

Oregon, 1899

Pennsylvania, 1897

Rhode Island, 1900
South Carolina, 1900.
South Dakota, 1899..

Tennessee, 1896–99.

Anderson, Rutherford,
Sumner, Tipton, Wil-

son.

Benton
Bledsoe, Campbell, Car
ter, Claiborne, Clay,
Cumberland, Fentress,
Johnson, Meigs, Mor-
gan, Pickett, Putnam.

Rhea, Scott, Sequat-
chie, Van Buren, White.
Bradley, Dyer, Hawkins.
Carroll, Crockett, Gibson,
Grainger, Hamblen,
Henderson. Madison,
Obion.

Kind of game-Penalties.

Deer, antelope, mountain sheep, quail, grouse, sage chicken, prairie chicken, dove, wild duck, goose-penalty, $20-$500, or imprisonment 10-90 days, or both.

Deer, moose, caribou (unless open to view, tagged, and accompanied
by owner). Pheasant, blackgame, sharp-tailed grouse, capercail-
zie-penalty for big game, $50; for imported game birds, $20, or
imprisonment 60 days, or both.

Hare, rabbit, squirrel, quail or partridge, ruffed grouse or pheas-
ant, English pheasant, woodcock-penalty-
Deer, elk, antelope, mountain sheep, mountain goat (or hides of any
of said animals), quail, partridge, grouse, prairie chicken, pheas-
ant, Mongolian or Chinese pheasant, wild turkey--penalty, $25-$100.
or imprisonment 30-60 days, or both fine and imprisonment.
Game or birds taken in the State, including deer, elk, antelope,
moose, caribou, squirrel, hare and rabbit, quail, grouse, Mongolian
and English pheasant, plover, Wilson and English snipe, wood-
cock, curlew, shore birds, rail, mud hen, gallinule, water chicken,
web-footed wild fowl, etc.-penalty, mammals, $100 for each viola-
tion and an additional $100 for each deer, elk, antelope, moose, or
caribou; birds, $60 for each violation and an additional $25 for each
bird.
Quail or partridge-penalty, fine not exceeding $50, or imprison-
ment not exceeding 30 days. (Wild fowl, Currituck County only,
Mar. 31-Nov. 10.)

Deer, elk, moose, caribou, antelope, buffalo, mountain sheep, ruffed
grouse, prairie chicken, pinuated grouse, sharp-tailed grouse,
woodcock, wild duck, wild goose, brant, wild swan-penalty, $100
for each animal, $10 for each bird.

Squirrel, quail, ruffed grouse or pheasant, prairie chicken, Mongolian pheasant, English or ring-neck pheasant, wild turkey, woodcock-penalty, $25-$100.

Deer, antelope, quail, grouse, prairie chicken, Mongolian, or other
pheasant, wild turkey, dove, plover-penalty, for shipper, $25-$100
and costs; for common carrier, $50-3500 and costs.

Deer, moose, mountain sheep (or hides of said animals) for pur-
poses of sale; quail or bob-white, grouse, pheasant, Mongolian,
silver, golden, copper, or green Japanese pheasant, wild duck,
goose, swan, or other wild fowl (except birds raised in confine-
ment and shipped for breeding purposes)-penalty, for big game
$100-$500 and costs, or imprisonment; for birds, $15-$200, or
imprisonment 7-100 days, or both fine and imprisonment.
Deer, elk, rabbit, hare, squirrel, quail, partridge, grouse, prairie
chicken, pheasant, English, Mongolian, or Chinese pheasant, wild
turkey, reedbird, plover, woodcock, rail, web-footed wild fowl
taken in the State-penalty, $100 for deer or elk. $25 for birds.
Quail, ruffed grouse, woodcock-penalty, 20 for each bird.
Quail or partridge for sale (until 1905)-penalty, not exceeding $30,
or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
Deer, elk, antelope, buffalo, mountain sheep, quail, ruffed grouse,
prairie chicken, pinnated grouse, sharptailed grouse, plover, cur-
few, woodcock, crane, wild duck, wild goose, brant (except that
any game, and not more than 25 birds not intended for commer-
cial purposes, may be shipped in open view during open season
and 3 days thereafter, when tagged and accompanied by owner)-
penalty, for big game $25-$200, or imprisonment 30-180 days, or
both fine and imprisonment; for birds, $10-850.

Quail, from State prohibited until Mar. 24, 1902-penalty, $5-$10 for
each quail.
Quail, partridge, prairie chicken, grouse, pheasant from county.

Quail, partridge, squirrel from county.

Nonresidents prohibited from killing or carrying away any game.

Quail or partridge for profit from county.
Quail, partridge from county.

Carter, Greene, Hamil, Quail, partridge, woodcock, pheasant, turkey, from State.

ton, Hawkins, Henry,

Johnson, Marion. Sulli

van, Unicoi, Washing

ton.

Grundy, Van Buren
Haywood..

Deer, quail, partridge, turkey from county.

Quail, partridge, woodcock, pheasant, turkey from county.

State.

Export of game prohibited by State laws-Continued.

Kind of game-Penalties.

Tennessee, 1896-99-Cont'd.
Lauderdale

Robertson, Sumner,
Trousdale.

Warren

Weakley

Texas, 1897.

Utah, 1899.

Vermont, 1896

Washington, 1897.

West Virginia, 1899.
Wisconsin, 1899...

Wyoming, 1899

Deer, quail, turkey, duck from county.

Quail, partridge, grouse, pheasant from county.

Turkey from county.

Quail, partridge, pheasant, lark, turkey, duck from county.
Deer, antelope, quail or partridge, grouse, pinnated grouse or prai-
rie chicken, Mongolian or English pheasant, wild turkey, plover,
snipe, jacksnipe (does not apply to Mongolian or English pheas
ants shipped for breeding purposes)-penalty, $25-$200 for each
shipment.
Deer, elk, antelope, buffalo or bison, mountain sheep, partridge,
prairie chicken, sage hen or grouse, pinnated grouse, pheasant,
Mongolian, Chinese, or English pheasant, dove, snipe, duck, goose,
brant, swan, or any introduced game animal or bird-penalty,
not less than $10.

Deer, quail, ruffed grouse or partridge, pheasant, English partridge,
plover, English snipe, woodcock, wild duck, wild goose (except
that game birds may be shipped by nonresidents during open sea-
son and 3 days thereafter, and 1 deer during open season and 10
days thereafter, if shipped in open view, properly tagged, and
accompanied by owner)-penalty for deer, $100; for birds, $50.
Deer, elk, moose, caribou, antelope, mountain sheep or goat, par-
tridge, grouse, prairie chicken, sage hen, pheasant, ptarmigan,
plover, rail, sand-hill crane, mallard duck, widgeon, teal, wood
duck, spoonbill, gray or black duck, sprig-tail, canvasback duck
(or other game duck), swan, or other game waterfowl, or any
other game animal or bird of the State, including introduced bob-
white, California valley quail, mountain quail, and Old World
pheasants-penalty, $10-$100 and costs.

Deer, quail, pheasant, ruffed grouse, wild turkey-penalty, $20-$50 and imprisonment, at discretion of court, not exceeding 10 days. Deer (unless license be held and in that case only from Nov. 6-26), quail, partridge, grouse, prairie chicken or prairie hen, pheasant, Mongolian, Chinese, or English pheasant, dove, plover, snipe, woodcock, wild duck, goose, brant, or other aquatic fowl (does not apply to shipment of live birds; in the case of duck, snipe, and plover, the prohibition applies only from Dec. 1-Sept. 1)penalty. $50-$200, or imprisonment 60 days-6 months, or both fine and imprisonment.

Deer, elk, moose, antelope, mountain sheep, mountain goat, or horns or hides of any of said animals (does not apply to mounted heads or stuffed specimens)-penalty, $100-$500 for each consignment.

TRANSPORTATION OF LIVE GAME FOR PROPAGATION.

In some States the prohibition against export is so broad as to include not only dead game, but also live animals and birds intended for propagation. Legislation aimed directly at the sale of live game for such purposes is found in at least one State, Montana, which declares that any person who shall willfully catch, trap, or otherwise restrain for the purpose of sale or domestication, or any other purpose, any buffalo, elk, moose, or mountain sheep shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Delaware, North Carolina, and Tennessee have stringent laws prohibiting the export of quail, dead or alire, out of the State. Such laws may sometimes interfere seriously with efforts to obtain birds for restocking depleted covers, and seem to be unnecessarily severe. Where States have a board of fish or game commissioners or State wardens, such officials could easily be given authority to issue permits for the shipment of a limited number of animals or birds. intended for breeding purposes. A few States have adopted this principle, and some others make exceptions in their nonexport laws or

permit possession of game at any time if intended for propagation. These exceptions are shown in the following list:

EXCEPTIONS TO NONEXPORT AND OTHER LAWS IN FAVOR OF GAME FOR

PROPAGATION.

Arizona.-Exception in case of all game birds for propagation. (Laws of 1897, p. 77, sec. 2.)

California.-Exception in case of deer, antelope, elk, mountain sheep, and game birds for propagation, provided that a permit in writing first be obtained from the State board of fish commissioners. (Penal Code, 1897, sec. 627, p. 218.) Colorado.-Game commissioner may grant permits to proprietors of parks for exchange of game with other persons within or without the State.

Game for propagation may be imported from any other State or Territory, and the commissioner shall issue certificate therefor without charge.

The commissioner may, upon being satisfied that the possession or transportation of game is not in violation of the spirit of this act, grant a permit therefor. (Laws of 1899, ch. 98, pp. 196, 204, 207.)

Connecticut.-Exception in case of gray squirrels or game birds for domestication or propagation. (Gen. Stats., 1888, sec. 2540.)

Illinois. -Unlawful to export any squirrels or game birds captured within the State, except under a license from the State of Illinois. (Laws of 1899, p. 224, sec. 2.)

Maryland.-Exceptions in the local laws of Cecil and Harford counties in case of game for propagation. (Acts of 1896, ch. 237; acts 1894. ch. 139.)

Nevada.-Exception in case of big game and game birds for propagation. (Compiled Laws, 1900, sec. 865.)

New Jersey.-Exception in case of domesticating or bringing into the State any animals or birds for propagation or keeping the same until a reasonable opportunity offers for their release. (Gen. Pub. Laws of 1895, Ch. CCLV, sec. 16.)

Oklahoma.-Exception in case of fine birds or animals captured for domestic or scientific purposes, provided that not more than one pair of such birds or animals may be shipped at one time. (Laws of 1899, p. 167, sec. 11.)

Oregon.-Exception in case of game birds for breeding purposes, provided written permit first be obtained from game and forestry warden upon affidavit that said birds were bred in confinement. (Laws of 1899, p. 134. secs. 6-8.)

Texas.-Exception in case of live Mongolian or English pheasants shipped for scientific or breeding purposes. (Gen. Laws of 1897, ch. 149, sec. 7.)

Utah.-Exception in the case of quail for propagation, taken in Kane and Washington counties. (Laws of 1899, ch. 26, sec. 26.)

Wyoming.-Lawful to sell any colin or quail for the purpose of breeding, or for any person to take alive on his own premises at any time any big game for domestication or for scientific or breeding purposes. (Rev. Stats., 1899, sec. 2117.)

MARKET HUNTING AND SALE.

Twenty-eight States and Territories prohibit trade in certain game. This traffic is of two kinds: Sale of game, or market traffic; and killing game for sale, or market hunting. Killing for sale is prohibited in Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Wyoming, the Chickasaw Nation in Indian Territory, and some of the counties of Maryland. In Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, and Montana, the sale of all game protected by the State law is prohibited; in Arizona, big game and wild turkeys; in New Mexico, all

Bull. 14, Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

MAP SHOWING STATES WHICH PROHIBIT MARKET HUNTING OR SALE OF GAME AT ALL TIMES. Eight States (dotted) prohibit killing for sale, 24 States (shaded) the sale of certain game. Idaho, Kansas, and Montana prohibit sale of all game protected by State law. For kinds of game affected in other States, see pages 40-42.