tacked without even the pretence of any cause of hoftility, fhould be reftored. Such a propofal appeared to His Majefty to afford a juft foundation for negotiating: it was therefore accepted, with this referve, that the Negotiation should be conducted by His Majefty in concert with his Allies. No fooner had this bafis been mutually admitted, than it was departed from by the Enemy, and that too in points of fo great importance as to call for an immediate Declaration on the part of His Majefty, that unlefs the principle propofed by France herself were adhered to, the communications which had been opened between the two Governments muft at once be clofed. This produced new profeffions of the difpofition of France to make confiderable facrifices for the attainment of Peace, if the difcuffions were fuffered to proceed; at the fame time that a difficulty was ftarted on account of the want of full powers in the perfon intrufted by His Majefty with this communication. Steps were thereupon taken by His Majefty for opening a regular Negotiation by Minifters duly authorifed, in order to afcertain, in a manner the moft fatisfactory and authentic, whether Peace could be obtained on terms honourable to the King and his Allies, and confiftent with the general fecurity of Europe. During thefe proceedings, a Minifter fent by the Emperor of Ruffia to treat for the fame important object, in concert with His Majefty's Government, was induced, by the artifices of the Enemy, to fign a separate Treaty, on terms equally repugnant to the honour and interefts of His Imperial Majefty. Unmoved by this unexpected event, the King continued to negotiate precifely on the fame principles as before. He relied, with a confidence which experience has amply juftified, on the good faith and fteadinefs of an Ally, in concert with whom he had begun to treat, and whofe interefts he had maintained throughbut with the fame firmnefs as his own. The French Government, on the contrary, elated by this advantage, of which it boafted as equal in importance to the moft decifive victory, departed in every conference more and more widely from its own offers and engagements. only did it take upon itself to change, at its own will, the bafis of the Negotiation with Great Britain, but violated, in points ftill more important, every principle of good faith with Ruffia. The chief inducement offered to that power, as the price of all the facrifices extorted from her Minifter, had been the prefervation of Germany. Yet, before the decifion of Ruffia on this Treaty could be known, France had already annihilated the whole GINT, MAG. October, 1806. 1 Not frame and conftitution of the German Empire; had reduced under her own yoke, a large proportion of the states and provinces of Germany; and not content with this open contempt of obligations fo recently contracted, had, at the fame time, inftigated the Porte to measures directly fubverfive of her fubfifting engagements with Ruffia. While fuch a conduct was pursued towards his Majefty, towards his Allies, and towards all independent Powers, there appeared fo little hope of any favourable iffue to the Negotiation, that His Majefty's Plenipotentiaries demanded their paffports to return to England. This demand was at first eluded by an unusual and unexplained delay; and the French Government afterwards, by fome material conceffions, accompanied with intimations that others of ftill greater confequence might be the refult of farther difcuffion, procured a renewal of the conferences, which were protracted from day to day, till at length it was announced at Paris, that the Emperor of Ruffia had indignantly rejected the unauthorised and feparate Treaty gned by his Minifter. In confequence of this important event, the strongest affurances were given to His Majefty's Minifter, that France was now prepared to make facrifices to a great extent, in order, by fecuring Peace with Great Britain, to re-eftablish the 'tranquillity of the world. The object of these affurances appeared however to be, that of engaging His Majefty in a feparate Negotiation, to the exclufion of his Allies; a propofal which His Majefty had rejected in the outset, and which he could ftill lefs admit of at a time when the conduct of Ruffia had impofed on him an increafed obligation not to feparate his interefts from thofe of fo faithful an Ally. To thefe infidious overtures His Majefty , fteadily refufed to liften; but he took the moft effectual method to avoid all appearance of delay, and to accelerate, if poffible, the favourable iffue of the Nego tiation. The confidential intercourfe which he had conftantly maintained with Ruffia, enabled His Majefty to specify the terms on which Peace with that Power might be obtained; and Iris Minifter was accordingly inftructed to ftate to France, in addition to his own demands, those of his Ally, to reduce them into diftin&t articles, and even to conclude on those grounds a Provifional Treaty, to take effect whenever Ruffia fhould fignify her acceffion. This form of negotiating was, after fome objection, acceded to by France; terms were now offered to His Majefty, more nearly approaching, than before, to the original bafis of Negotiation; but these were ftill far short of what His Majefty Majefty had uniformly infifted on, and was now more than ever entitled to expect; and the decifive rejection of the juft demands of Ruffia, as well as of the conditions propofed by His Majefty in behalf of his other Allies, left to His Majefty no other course than that of ordering his Minifter to terminate the difcuffion, and return to England. The foregoing fhort and fimple expofition of facts ftands in need of no comment. The first overturès which led to Negotiation were made by the Enemy, and they were accepted by His Majefty in the fincereft fpirit of peace. Every opening which feemed to afford the most diftant profpect of accommodation has been anxiously embraced, nor was the Negotiation finally broken off, while any hope of a favourable iffue could be entertained. His Majefty's demands were uniformly juft and reasonable; directed to no objects of personal aggrandizement, but to fuch only as were indispensably required by the honour of his Crown, his engagements to his Allies, and a due confideration of the general interefts of Lurope. It is with heartfelt concern, that His Majefty contemplates the com tinuance of thofe evils always infeparable from a fate of war; but it is with his enemies that this awful refponfibility refts; and for the iffue of the conteft His Majefty trufts, with confidence, to the juftice of his caufe; to the refources and bravery of his people; to the fidelity of his Allies; and, above all, to the protection and fupport of the Divine Providence. In contributing to the great efforts which fuch; a conteft muft unavoidably require, his faithful and affectionate fubjects will not forget that all their deareft interefts are at ftake; that no facrifices they can be called upon to make are to be compared with the certain difgrace and ruin of yielding to the injurious pretenfions of the Enemy that with the inviolable maintenance of the good faith and public honour of their country, its profperity, its strength, and its independence, are effentially connec ted; and that in afferting the rights, and upholding the dignity of the British Em pire, they defend the most powerful bulwark of the liberties of mankind. DECLARATION OF THE KING OF SWEDEN. WE, Guftavus Adolphus, by the grace of God, King of Sweden, the Goths and Vandals, Heir of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Slefwig and Holftein, &c. &c.. declare and make known, that when we entered upon the government of our kingdom, the unfortunate French Revolution had prevailed for fome years, while the moft fanguinary and unheard-of scenes which had been there perpetrated, had fpread difcord, infurrection, and war, over he greateft part of Europe. During the nine fucceeding years, the French revolution never ceafed to threaten an interruption of the general tranquillity, and to excite the attention of every country. Trufting in the fidelity of the Swedish nation, and favoured by its diftance from France, we witneffed, without alarm, the furious zeal of the factions, and their tyranny over a divided ftate, perfuading ourfelves, that the experience of thefe great calamities, produced by diffention and oligarchy, might at length be the means of restoring order, and an equitable government, for the fecurity of the French people and other ftates. This pleafing hope was not fulfilled; the government was indeed frequently changed; but the fundamental principles, fo dangerous to all Europe, ftill remained unaltered. They were not only retained under the confular government, but, in proportion as power came into the hands of the Firft Conful, his ideas of law and juftice were diminished; every thing was now facrificed to that ambition which ufurped an authority over the rights of nations and treaties, and even over that refpect which all governments with to preferve to themselves. The blood of one of the worthy defcendants of the antient and honourable family of France was not long fince thed by the hand of violence. This fhocking circumfance was not only a fpecimen of the ideas which the French Government entertained of law and equity, but also a moft disgust ing picture of the fyftem it had adopted; and, in every refpect, affording a signal warning to all governments. While this encroachment furnished the great ftates with fuch a view, as enabled them to draw the moft genuine conclufions refpecting the irrefiftible power of France, the fmalier ftates were converted into proinces, by violence or intrigue; and the danger appeared not lefs general than overwhelming, as it feemed that fecurity against these menaces was no longer to be found in any diftance from the scenes of action.-The moft justifiable claims, made by us upon the French Government, were. fruitlefs, in obtaining indemnities for the demands made by feveral of our fubjects, refpecting unlawful captures, arbitrary, freightage, and an illegal embargo-as the lawless proceedings of the French Government were carried to fuch a pitch, as to lay the Swedish commerce under confiderable embaraffment in the French ports, during the space of nine months. Such proceedings 'could only increase the apprehenfions apprehenfions entertained of this danger- DECLARATION OF THE WE, Alexander the Firft, by God's grace Emperor and Autocrat of All the Ruffias, declare and make known to all our faithful fubjects, that, in our inceffant care and folicitude for the welfare of the interior of our empire, equally with its foreign relations, it has ever been our wish to establish them.upon an immoveable bafis, and to defend the ftate by fuch alliances as the fituation of our country may require. With this view, we have thought proper, from the commencement of our reign, to remove every caufe of mifunderstanding, and, by a friendly conduct, to unite with thofe powers whofe wife and moderate principles were confiftent with their independence and the ge'neral tranquillity. The Moft High bleffed our wishes and endeavours, and at that period bestowed upon Europe a general peace. However, it did not confift with his infcrutable providence to prolong the continuance of this order of things-War broke out again.-But as our fituation did not permit us to take any immediate part in the war, we never ceafed to remain faithful to our allies; and to continue to with and labour for peace and tranquillity, confiftently with the common welfare, by our faithful fubjects, as it is our purpose 1 EMPEROR OF RUSSIA. But, notwithstanding this interference, the daily increafe of the French power, the fituation of our allies, threatened by its aggrandizement and its unbounded anibition, compelled us to take an active part in this war.-We took up arms, but we did not ceafe to wifh for peace; and we alfo declared, in our ukafe of September 1, 1805, that the object of our arming was to preferve the facred inviolability of treaties, and to restore the general tranquillity. The misfortunes which attended the arms of the allies operated against the realization of our views; however, the principles upon which they were grounded remained unchanged. At the commencement of the prefent year, the French góvernment manifefted an inclination approximating to peace: we accordingly iffued orders to enter into difcuffions with them immediately.-The reftoration of a peace confiftent with the dignity and fecurity of our empire, the advantage of our allies, and the general tranquillity of Europe, were laid down as the fundamental bafes of thefe difcuffions. But to our regret, the conditions of peace agreed to with France by M. D'Oubril, were neither confiftent confiftent with the dignity of our empire, nor with the fecurity of our allies. We refufed to ratify thofe conditions.-But at the fame time, to afford a proof of the immutability of our principles, which, under various circumftances, had been ever directed to the fame end, we at that time made known the conditions on which we were difpofed to renew our negotiations with the French Government.-The bafes propofed by us are fo moderate, that they cannot be rejected without an open menace of the general fafety; and they are fo confiftent with the advantage of every power concerned, that in cafe of their being accepted, a general peace must not only fellow, but be confirmed to Europe upon the moft permanent footing. Thus muft peace, or the continuance of the war, be the confequences of thefe measures. We with for peace; but if no lafting peace can be obtained, grounded upon mutual advantage, then it will be neceffary, for the honour of the Ruffian name, the facred character of our engagements, and the general deliverance of Europe, to proceed to extremities, which, on thefe confiderations, cannot but appear to us as abfolutely indifpenfable. We are convinced that the providence of the Moft High, Given at St. Petersburg, Aug. 30, and DECLARATION OF THE KING OF PRUSSIA. THIS important article, which has not its equal in all the fpecimens of modern diplomacy, is dated from the Head Quarters at Erfurt, O&. 9. It is of great length, and takes a view of the outrages committed against the States of Europe by the different French Governments, from the commencement of the French Revolution; and recites all the violations of the different Treaties fucceffively concluded; the Treaty of Luneville,, the Treaty of Amiens, the Peace of Profburg, and the various ftipulations made with Pruffia. His Majefty obferves, that though the politics of France had been the fecurge of humanity for 15 years, yet the introduction of a regular Government under Napoleon, gave new hopes to the friends of peace; but it is painful to fay, that an infatiable ambition was ftill the ruling pation of France." She made ufe of arms and of treatics with the fame view. The peace of Amiens was fcarcely concluded, before the tignal for the first as of violence followed. Holland and Switzerland, two independent States, were compelled to accept a conftitution which converted them into French provinces. The renewal of war was the confequence. -Peace, however ftill continued upon the Continent. The German Empire had purchafed it by incalculable facrifices. In the midft of this peace, neverthelefs, the French troops invaded the Electorate of Hanover; a country which had no concern in the war between France and England, while the ports of Germany were fhut against the British flag; and the better to effect her object, France took poffeffion of Cuxhaven, and the territory of a free ftate, which was ftill more a ftranger to the war than Hanover.-In the midft of this peace alfo, the fame troops, a few months after, violated the German territory, in fuch a manner as to wound the honour of the nation fill deeper.The Germans have never avenged the death of the Duke D'Enghein; but the remembrance of that event will never be extinguished among them. The treaty of Luneville guaranteed the independence of the Italian Republic. In fpite of the most pofitive promites, did Napoleon place the Iron Crown of Italy upon his own head. Genoa was incorporated with France: Lucca was very near fharing the fame fate. Only a few months before had the Emperor, on a folemn occafion-an occafion which impofed very important duties upon him-declared before's people, and before all Europe, that he wifhed not to extend the limits of his territory.. Befides, France was bound, by a treaty with Ruffia, to put the King of Sardinia in poffeffion of indemnities in Italy. Inftead of fulfilling that obligation, fhe made herself miftrefs of every object which could have been ferviccable towards that indemnification. -Portugal -Portugal wifhed to maintain her neutrality; but Portugal was compelled to purchafe by gold the deceitful fecurity of a few moments.-The Forte, who had not forgotten the invafion of Syria and Egypt, was the only power remaining in Europe which had not been subjected to the arbitrary proceedings of France.-But to thefe acts of violence, a fyftem of abufe and injury remained fill to be added. A Journal, which proclaimed itself the voice of Government, was chofen as a chronicle of the attacks inceffantly made upon every crowned head." Such acts of oppreffion and infult, it adds, were nearly connected with the interefts of Pruffia, who had done numerous good offices to Buonaparte, and was the firft power to acknowledge him, while po menaces had been able to fhake his neutrality for a period of fix years. "Pruffia permitted Hanover to be invaded; in this she had countenanced an act of injuftice; therefore was it her firft view to remedy it. She offered herself for it inftead of England, under the condition that the latter fhould cede it. It muft, however, at least be recollected, that thus a boundary was prefcribed to France, which the fhould not pafs.-Napoleon folemnly pledged himself not to compromife the neutrality of the Northern States; to exercife no violence towards any of them; and, in particular, not to increase the number of troops in the Electorate of Hanover."-Scarcely had he agreed to thefe ftipulations, than he broke them in the feizure of Sir G. Rumbold, and the laying of the Hanfe Towns under contribution; but ftill his Majefty made every facrifice for the prefervation of peace; and the patience of every Court was exhausted fooner than that of Pruffia.-"In order to prevent France from augmenting her troops in Hanover, he had promised to fuffer no attack to be made on that territory. The Ruffians and the Swedes were preparing for an attack upon the French. From this period, the whole burden of the contract between France and Pruffia weighed upon the latter only, without producing to her the leaft advantage; and by a fingular concatenation of circumfances, it feemed that Pruffia, who only wifhed to remain impartial and neutral, could no longer purfue her former fyftem, except to the prejudice of the Allied Powers, Every advantage which refulted from this fituation of affairs was on the fide of France; and the King was daily threatened with a collifion, not lefs formidable to him, than decifively favourable to the plans of Napoleon."-Who could have thought that the very moment when the King had given to the French Government the ftrongest proof of his determination, and a fingular example of the faithful fulfilment of engagements into which he had once entered, Napoleon did him the moft ferious injury, by the violation of Anfpach laft October. "The King then declared to the French Government that he confidered all his connections with it as diffolved. He placed his armies on a footing fuitable to circumftances. He was now fully convinced, that no pledge of fecurity remained for the neighbours of France, but a peace established upon firm principles, and guaranteed by all the powers in common." He offered himself a mediator for the Allies, and fent Count Haugwitz to Paris; but the face of affairs having been materially changed by the battle of Austerlitz, "Pruffia ftood now alone on the field of conteft. His Majefty was obliged to limit his policy by his powers; and inftead, as had been his wifh, of embracing the intereft of all Europe, make his own fecurity and that of his neighbours, his first object."-The Manifefto proceeds to recite at length the conduct of Buonaparte with refpect to Cleves, Wefel, Hanover, &c. From this part of the Manifefto, it appears that Buonaparte propofed a Treaty in which was ftipulated, on the one fide, a mutual guarantee of poffeffions, the inviolability of the Turkifh territory, and the refults of the peace of Prefburg; and on the other, the taking poffeffion of Hanover by Pruffia, in return for the ceffion of three provinces. Pruffia accepted the condi-. tions; but was refolved that the French should never return to Hanover, at whatever price it might be purchased." The ceffion of three provinces which had been faithful and happy for a long feries of years, was a facrifice not to be made for any plan, of vain ambition; but thefe provinces, in cafe of a war, would have been the first fufferers; all the calamities of that war would have preffed upon the Monarchy; while the acquifition of Hanover, could it have been made under lefs unhappy circumstances, would have been productive of the most valuable advantages to Pruffia. The King, therefore, conceived, that he reconciled his wifhes with his principles, when he accepted the propofed exchange, only under the condition, that the fulfilment of the fame fhould be deferred till the general peace, and that the confent of the King of Great Britain should be obtained.— All the advantages of this treaty were for France. On the one fide, the received guarantees, which put the feal on her conquefts; on the other, fhe gave what she did not poffefs, what might be again conquefed by the chances of an uncertain war; while in the ceffions of Pruffia fhe found the means of enriching her Allies. -But between a policy which will do |