April 3, 1883; Frank Hatton, Iowa, Oct. 14, 1884. ATT'Y-GEN.--Benj. H. Brewster, Penn., Dec. 19, 1881. SEC. INTERIOR-Henry M. Teller, Col., April 6, 1882. PRESIDENT-Grover Cleveland, N. Y., Mch. 4, 1885, to Mch. 4, 1889. V.-PRES'TThomas A. Hendricks, Ind., died Nov. 25, 1885; †John Sherman, †J. J. Ingalls. SEC. STATE-Thomas F. Bayard, Del., Mch. 6, 1885. SEC. TREASURY-Daniel Manning. N. Y., Mch. 6, 1885, died; Charles S. Fairchild, N. Y., April 1, 1887. SEC. WAR-William C. Endicott, Mass., Mch. 6, 1885. SEC. NAVY-William C. Whitney, N. Y., Mch. 6, 1885. POST'R-GEN.-William F. Vilas, Wis., Mch. 6, 1885; Don M. Dickinson, Mich., Jan. 16, 1888. ATT'Y-GEN.-Augustus H. Garland, Ark., Mch. 6, 1885. SEC. INTERIOR-Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Miss., Mch. 6, 1885; William F. Vilas, Jan. 16, 1888. SEC. AGRICULTURE-Norman J. Colman, Mo., Feb. 13, 1889. PRESIDENT-Benjamin Harrison, Ind., Mch. 4, 1889, to Mch. 4, 1893. V.-PRES'TLevi P. Morton, N. Y. SEC. STATE-James G. Blaine, Me., Mch. 5, 1889; J. W. Foster, Ind.. June 29, 1892, resigned; W. F. Wharton, Acting, Feb. 24, 1893. SEC. TREASURY-William Windom, Minn., Mch. 5, 1889; Charles Foster, Ohio, Feb. 24, 1891. SEC. WAR-Redfield Proctor, Vt., Mch. 5, 1889; Stephen B. Elkins, W. Va., Dec. 22, 1891. SEC. NAVY-Benjamin F. Tracy, N. Y., Mch. 5, 1889. POST'RGEN.-John Wanamaker, Penn., Mch. 5, 1889. ATT'Y-GEN.-Wm. H. H. Miller, Ind., Mch. 5, 1889. SEC. INTERIOR-John W. Noble, Mo., Mch. 5, 1889. SEC. AGRICULTURE-Jeremiah M. Rusk, Wis., Mch. 5, 1889. PRESIDENT-Grover Cleveland, N. Y., Mch. 4, 1893, to Mch. 4, 1897. V.-PRES'TAdlai E. Stevenson, Ill. SEC. STATE-Walter Q. Gresham, Ill., Mch. 6, 1893, died; E. F. Uhl, Mich., ad interim, May 28, 1895; Richard Olney, Mass., June 8, 1895. SEC. TREASURY-John G. Carlisle, Ky., Mch. 6, 1893. SEC. WAR-Daniel S. Lamont, N. Y., Mch. 6. 1893. SEC. NAVY-Hilary A. Herbert, Ala., Mch. 6, 1893. POST'R-GEN.-Wilson S. Bissell, N. Y., Mch. 6, 1893; William L. Wilson, W. Va., Mch. 1, 1895. ATT'Y-GEN. - Richard Olney, Mass., Mcn. 6, 1893; Judson Harmon, Ohio, June 8, 1895. SEC. INTERIOR-Hoke Smith, Ga., Mch. 6, 1893; David R. Francis, Mo., Sept. 3, 1896. SEC'Y AGRICULTURE--Julius Sterling Morton, Neb., Mch. 6, 1893. PRESIDENT-William McKinley, Ohio, Mch. 4, 1897, to Mch. 4, 1901. V.-PRES'TGarret A. Hobart, N. J., died Nov. 21, 1899. SEC. STATE-John Sherman, Ohio, Mch. 6, 1897; Wm. R. Day, Ohio, April 26, 1898; A. A. Adee, D. C., acting, Sept. 17, 1898; John Hay, D. C., Sept. 20, 1898. SEC. TREASURY-Lyman J. Gage, Ill., Mch. 5, 1897. SEC. WAR-Russell A. Alger, Mich., Mch. 5, 1897; Elihu Root, N. Y., Aug. 1, 1899. SEC. NAVY-John D. Long, Mass., Mch. 5, 1897. POST'RGEN.-James A. Gary. Md., Mch. 5, 1897; Charles Emory Smith, Penn., April 21, 1898. ATT" Y-GEN.-Joseph McKenna, Cal., Mch. 5, 1897; John W. Griggs, N. J., Jan. 31, 1898. SEC. INTERIOR-Cornelius N. Bliss, N. Y., Mch. 5, 1897; Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Mo., Dec. 21, 1898. SEC. AGRICULTURE-James Wilson, Iowa, Mch. 5, 1.897. PRESIDENT-William McKinley, second term, Mch. 4, 1901, to Sept. 14, 1901. V.PRES'T-Theodore Roosevelt, N. Y. SEC. STATE-John Hay, D. C., Mch. 5. 1901. SEC. TREASURY-Lyman J. Gage, Ill., Mch. 5, 1901. SEC. WAR-Elihu Root, N. Y., Mch. 5, 1901. SEC. NAVY-John D. Long, Mass., Mch. 5, 1901. POST'RGEN.-Charles Emory Smith, Penn., Mch. 5, 1901. ATTY-GEN.-John W. Griggs, N. J., Mch. 5, 1901; Philander C. Knox, April 5, 1901. SEC. INTERIOREthan A. Hitchcock, Mo.. Mch. 5, 1901. SEC. AGRICULTURE-James Wilson, Iowa, Mch. 5, 1901. PRESIDENT-Theodore Roosevelt, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1901, to Mch. 4, 1905. SEC. STATE John Hay, D. C., Sept. 14, 1901. SEC. TREASURY-Lyman J. Gage, Ill., Sept. 14, 1901; Leslie M. Shaw, Iowa, Jan. 9, 1902. SEC. WAR-Elihu Root, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1901; William H. Taft, Ohio, Feb. 1, 1904. SEC. NAVY-John D. Long, Mass., Sept. 14, 1901; William H. Moody, Mass., April 29, 1902; Paul Morton, Ill., July 1, 1904. POSTR-GEN.- Charles Emory Smith, Penn., Sept. 14, 1901; Henry C. Payne, Wis., Jan. 9, 1902; Robert J. Wynne, Penn., Oct. 10, 1904. ATT'Y-GEN.Philander C. Knox, Penn., Sept. 14, 1901; William H. Moody, Mass., July 1, 1904. SEC. INTERIOR-Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Mo., Sept. 14, 1901. SEC. AGRICULTURE-James Wilson, Iowa, Sept. 14, 1901. SEC. COMMERCE AND LABORGeorge B. Cortelyou, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1903; Victor H. Metcalf, Cal., July 1, 1904. PRESIDENT-Theodore Roosevelt, second term, Mch. 4, 1905, to Mch. 4, 1909. V.PRES'T-Charles W. Fairbanks, Ind. SEC. STATE-John Hay, D. C., Mch. 6, 1905; Elihu Root, N. Y., July 20, 1905; Robert Bacon, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1909. SEC. TREASURY-Leslie M. Shaw, Iowa, Mch. 6, 1905; George B. Cortelyou, N. Y., Mch. 4, 1907. SEC. WAR-William H. Taft, Ohio, Mch. 6, 1905; Luke E. Wright, Tenn., July 1, 1908. ATT'Y-GEN.-William H. Moody, Mass., Mch. 6, 1905; Charles J. Bonaparte, Md., Dec. 17, 1906. POST'R-GEN.-George B. Cortelyou, N. Y., Mch. 6, 1905; George von L. Meyer, Mass., Mch. 4, 1907. SEC. NAVYPaul Morton, Ill., Mch. 6, 1905; Charles J. Bonaparte, Md., July 1, 1905; Victor H. Metcalf, Cal., Dec. 17, 1906; Truman H. Newberry, Mich., Dec. 1, 1908. SEC. INTERIOR-Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Mo., Mch. 6, 1905; James R. Garfield, Ohio, Mch. 5, 1907. SEC. AGRICULTURE-James Wilson, Iowa, Mch. 6, 1905. SEC. COMMERCE AND LABOR-Victor H. Metcalf, Cal., Mch. 6, 1905; Oscar S. Straus, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1906. PRESIDENT-William H. Taft, Ohio, Mch. 4, 1909. V.-PRES'T.-James S. Sherman, N. Y. SEC. STATE-Philander C. Knox, Penn., Mch. 5, 1909. SEC. TREASURY -Franklin MacVeagh, Ill., Mch. 5, 1909. SEC. WAR-Jacob M. Dickinson, Tenn., Mch. 5, 1909. ATT'Y-GEN. - George W. Wickersham, N. Y., Mch. 5, 1909. POST'R-GEN.-Frank H. Hitchcock, Mass., Mch. 5, 1909. SEC. NAVY-George von L. Meyer, Mass., Mch. 5, 1909. SEC. INTERIOR-Richard A. Ballinger, Wash., Mch. 5, 1909. SEC. AGRICULTURE-James Wilson, lowa, Mch. 5, 1909. SEC. COMMERCE AND LABOR-Charles Nagel, Mo., Mch. 5, 1909. Capital. PORTO RICO. Resident Commissioner to United States. Governor. Secretary.. Attorney General. Treasurer. Auditor.. .. San Juan Tulio Larrinaga .George D. Colton George Cabot Ward Henry M. Hoyt Samuel D. Gomer ...A. P. Sawyer Edwin G. Dexter Laurance H. Grahame Bernard S. Rodey ...J. R. F. Savage . Harry S. Hubbard José Conrado Hernandez Associate Justices-A. G. Wolf, José M. Figueras, J. H. McLeary, Emilio del Commissioner of Education. Commissioner of the Interior United States District Judge... Chief Justice. Toro y Cuevas. The Executive Council-Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, Treasurer, Auditor, Commissioner of Education, Commissioner of the Interior, Juan F. V. Ochoteca, Martin Travieso, jr., Rafael del Vallee, Luis S. Morales and José C. Barbosa. The island of Porto Rico, thitherto a Spanish colony, was formally ceded to the United States under the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898. A civil government was established on May 1. 1900. On July 25, 1901, it became a territory of the United States on a basis in some respects similar to that of the territories on the North American continent, but with these important differences, that citizens of Porto Rico are not ipso facto citizens of the United States, and that the present status of the territory is not considered to be preliminary to statehood. Free trade exists between the island and the United States. A decision of the United States Supreme Court on December 2, 1901, sustained the Foraker act and the validity of the tariff system established by the United States government with respect to Porto Rico, and confirmed the principle that Porto Ricans are not citizens of the United States. On August 2, 1902, the Commissioner General of Immigration issued an order to the effect that Porto Ricans coming to the United States were to be regarded as aliens. This decision was subsequently reversed by the United States Supreme Court. By the terms of the Foraker act practical autonomy was granted to the insular government for which it provides, and a large majority of all the officials throughout the island are left to the unrestricted choice of its own citizens. The Governor and the heads of the various executive departments are chosen by the President with the approval of the Senate, and the Executive Council, which constitutes one of the branches of the Legislative Assembly, consists of the six executive department heads so chosen. the Secretary, Attorney General, Treasurer, Auditor, Commissioner of Education and Commissioner of the Interior, with five natives of Porto Rico, who are also appointed by the President. The House of Delegates, or popular branch of the Legislative Assembly, consisting of thirty-five members, is elected by the voters from the seven election districts into which the island is divided; and in the Judicial Department the Supreme Court, consisting of five members, is appointed by the President, but a majority of the members chosen for that tribunal of last resort are native citizens of the island; and of the judges of the various district courts who are appointed by the Governor, the large majority are also selected from among the native population. The internal revenue laws of the United States do not apply to Porto Rico. Owing to a deadlock in 1909 between the lower and upper branches of the Insular Legislature and the failure of the House of Delegates to pass appropriation bill Congress passed a law at the extraordinary session of that year providing for the continuance of the annual appropriations of the preceding year in such a contingency. The growth of commerce between the United States and Porto Rico since annexa tion is shown in the table appended, covering the fiscal years from 1898 to 1909: Porto Rico's trade with foreign countries in the fiscal years 1904-'05 to 1908-'09 Department. Guayama Humacao Ponce The census of 1900 reported the population by Departments as follows: | Number. | Department. | Number. | Department. Number. • Commissioners-W. Cameron Forbes, president; Dean C. Worcester, Newton W. Gilbert, Frank A. Branagan, José R. Luzuriaga, Gregorio Araneta, Rafael Palma and Juan Sumulong. Capital Governor General.. Vice-Governor General.... Secretary of Finance and Justice ... Gregorio Araneta.... The Philippines 15,500 Dean C. Worcester.. Michigan. Secretary Public Instruction..........Newton W. Gilbert.. Indiana. Secretary Commerce and Police... Chief Justice.. The Supreme Court. 15,500 15,500 ... Cayetano Arellano, Philippines $10,500 Associate Justices-Florentino Torres, Philippines; Victorino Mapa, Philippines; E. Finley Johnson, Michigan; Adam C. Carson, Virginia; Sherman Morehead, New York; Charles B. Elliott, Minnesota; each.......... 10,500 Manuel Quezon... Commissioners Resident to the United States. $7,500 Benito Lagarda... $7,500 The Philippine Islands came into the possession of the United States as a result of the war with Spain and under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898. On February 4, 1899, two days before the ratification of the treaty by the United States Senate, the native forces under Aguinaldo attacked the American garrison at Manila. and an insurrection against American authority was started, which lasted for nearly two years. The islands were under military rule until July 1, 1901, when the provisional military government was superseded by a civil government. The chief officers of the latter are appointed by the President of the United States. Provincial and municipal officers are elected by the people On December 2, 1901, the Supreme Court of the United States decided that free trade must prevail between the Philippines and the United States until Congress should enact a special tariff law for the islands. Accordingly a Philippine tariff bill was introduced into Congress and became a law on March 8, 1902. It was followed on July 1, 1902, by a Civil Government act for the Philippines. (For summaries of these laws see The Tribune Almanac for 1903.) A general amnesty for all except criminals under the common law and rebels remaining in arms was proclaimed on July 4, 1902. The vexed question of the friars' lands was amicably settled in December, 1903. After protracted negotiations, in the course of which Governor Taft visited Rome, an agreement was made with the Church authorities by which the insular government acquired the friars' holdings at a cost of $7,239,784. The purchase included 391,000 acres. These lands will be eventually sold by the insular government. By the act of March 2, 1903, Congress provideď a system of coinage for the Philippines. The unit of value is the gold peso, of twelve and nine-tenths grains of gold, nine-tenths fine. The Philippine Commission is authorized to coin $75,000,000 in silver pesos, each peso of 416 grains, 900 parts fine metal and 100 parts copper alloy. These silver coins are redeemable at the rate of two for one in gold pesos, and are legal tender in the Philippine Islands for all debts, public or private, unless otherwise specifically provided by contract. Some new subsidiary coins are also provided for. (For complete details of the Coinage act, see The Tribune Almanac for 1904, under title "57th Congress, Public Acts and Resolutions of Second Session.") At the last session of the 58th Congress a new tariff for the Philippines was enacted, and a law was passed providing for railroad construction and other public improvements and amending the Civil Government act of March 8, 1902. (For details of these measures see under "58th Congress, Public Acts and Resolutions of the Third Session," pages 80-83 of this volume.) The new Philippnie tariff-on goods imported into the Philippines-went into effect on July 2, 1905. It was further amended at the first session of the 59th Congress. Congress at the same session passed a law postponing until July 1, 1909, the application to Philippine commerce of the navigation laws of the United States. At the second session of the 59th Congress a law was passed establishing a Philippine Agricultural Bank. At the extraordinary session of the Sixty-first Congress, March to August, 1909, the Philippine tariff was revised, and in the Payne tariff law, approved August 5, 1909, most of the barriers against the entry of Philippine products into the United States were removed. For the provisions of the Payne law affecting the Philippines see pages 124 and 125 of this volume. Elections for the first Philippine Assembly were held on July 30, 1907. Eighty-one seats were allotted to the various provinces, the maximum membership of the assembly being 100. A small vote was cast, about 98,000, or only 1.4 per cent of the population. The Nationalist factions chose a great majority of the Assemblymen. Regular biennial elections are to be held hereafter, beginning with the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1909, the members chosen to hold office for two years, beginning January 1, 1910. The Assembly was opened on October 16, 1907, Secretary Taft attending the ceremony and making an address. Sergio Osmena, of Cebu, Nationalist, was chosen president of the body. To qualify as voters applicants must be males, twentythree years of age and have a legal residence in the municipality in which they desire to exercise the right of suffrage, and must not be citizens or subjects of any foreign power, and furthermore must be comprised within one of the three following classes: (a) Those who, prior to August 13, 1898, held certain offices under the Spanish government, (b) Those who own real property to the value of 500 pesos, or who annually pay 30 pesos or more of the established taxes; (c) Those who speak, read and write English or Spanish. The following tables summarize the foreign trade of the islands in recent years: Year.1 1899. 1900 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906 1907. 1908 1909. Imports and Exports of Merchandise, 1899 to 1909. Imports. countries. Total. Exports. Total From Figures of 1899 cover the period from August 20, 1898, to June 30, 1899, and subsequent figures cover fiscal year. Governor... 3.386 Totals.. 7.635,426 6.987.686/647.740 Exclusive of sub-province of Marinduque. GUAM. ....Agana .Captain Edward J. Dorn (retired). U. S. N. The island of Guam, or Guahan, in the Marianas Archipelago, was ceded to the United States by Spain under the Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898. It is used by the United States as a naval station, and may also afford a landing place for a transpacific cable. Capital.. Governor... TUTUILA AND MANUA. Pago Pago Captain John F. Parker (retired), U. S. Ν. Tutulla, Manua and some insignificant islets of the Samoan group came into the possession of the United States in January, 1000, as a result of the treaty of November 14, 1899. between Great Britain and Germany, in the terms of which the United States acquiesced. Under that treaty Great Britain withdrew altogether from the islands, Germany took the largest two, Upolu and Savall, and the United States took possession of Tutulla and Manua, the former containing at Pago Pago the finest harbor in that part of the world and the only good one in the Samoan group. A United States naval officer was appointed Governor of Tutulla and Manua in February, 1900, and possession was taken of them on April 17, 1900. The area of Tutulla and Manua is about 35,000 acres. The total population of the two islands is less than 6.000. |