sion of Queen Mary to a religious
reaction, 253; his graphic account
of her reign, 254; his unjust de-
nunciation of Cardinal Pole, ib.;
his intended panegyric of Eliza-
beth reversed by his discoveries at
Simancas, 261; his secular treat-
ment of religious questions, 263;
extenuates Elizabeth's dishonesty
towards the Scotch, 265; his
severe criticisms of the Irish, 269;
his eulogy of the Spanish, 271;
his misstatement as to Thomas
Cobham's punishment, 272; his
contrast of Elizabeth with Mary
Stuart, 273; his story of Cecil's
proposal to dethrone Elizabeth
admitted to be a mistake, 274;
his portrait of Mary Stuart, 275;
his partial criticism of the charges
against her, 276; attractiveness of
his style, 278; his proneness to
pictorial effect, ib.

Froude (James Anthony), his 'His-
tory of England from the Fall
of Wolsey to the Death of Eliza-
beth,' Vols. III. IV., cxxiv. 476;
his wealth of unpublished MSS.,
ib.; his voluminousness, 478; his
spirit of advocacy against Mary,
Queen of Scots, 480; on her share
in Darnley's murder, ib. and note;
on her letters to Bothwell, 483
note; personal sketches of her,
485; his favourable estimate of
Elizabeth's conduct, 486; eulogy
of the Regent Murray, 495; on the
influence of the Reformation, 496;
his unjust treatment of the Church
of England, 499; partiality for
Puritanism, ib.; his speculations
on an alliance with France, 505;
surrenders the defence of Eliza-
beth's conduct towards Mary,
509; summary of his leading cha-
racters, 510

view of history, b.; his skill in
delineation, 2; indifference to ju-
dicial impartiality, ib.; omissions
in his reign of Elizabeth, 3; seve-
rities against Catholics justified
by him, 4; harsh criticism of Mary
Stuart, 5; severe estimate of
Elizabeth, 7 ; credits her with
personal courage. 10; his sympathy
with the Irish, 13; his revival of
Irish wrongs, 15; views of the
rebellion, ib.; imputes Catholic
sympathies to Elizabeth, 16; de-
nunciation of Campian and Par-
sons, 18, 20; justifies Mary's exe-
cution, 34; sketch of England in
1587, 35; his splendid account of
the Spanish Armada, 36; abrupt
close of his narrative, 38
Froude (James Anthony), his 'Eng-
lish in Ireland in the Eighteenth
Century,' Vol. I., cxxxvii. 122; fas-
cinating eloquence of his narrative,
124; a disciple of Mr. Carlyle's doc-
trine of force, 125; his theory of
English domination condemned,
126; his appreciation of Irish cha-
racter, 128; his retort to Father
Burke at New York, 130 note;
unfairly accused of misrepresen-
tation, 131 note; defends Catho-
lic disabilities under Elizabeth,
132; his advocacy of coercion after
1641, 138; his charges against
Irish Anglicanism, 139; his expo-
sure of English misgovernment,
147; Cromwellian sympathies,
148; his recent lectures in America
on English rule in Ireland, 151

his English in Ireland in
the Eighteenth Century,' Vols.
II. III., cxxxix. 468; his ex-
posure of native misgovernment,
469; his impartial judgments,
470; objections to advocacy in
previous volume not sustained in
these, 471; his matchless pictures
of Irish life, ib.; Lord Townshend's
viceroyalty, 472; Parliamentary

corruption, 473; his contempt of 'equality and miscalled liberty' compared with Carlyle's, ib.; his passion for strong governments, 475; his theory applied to Ireland, 477; relations of landlords and tenants, 479; account of the Whiteboys, 482; his panegyric of the charter-schools, 486; account of the United Irishmen, 491; Lord Downsbire and his 'friend,' 493 Froude (Hurrell), compared with Keble, cxxxii. 389

Fuchs (Dr.), his use of stereochrome

in frescoes, cxxiii. 23

Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of (1811), the Duke of Wellington's remarks on, cxvi. 65

Fulda, declaration of German bishops at, on the Ecumenical Council, cxxx. 602 note

protest of Catholic bishops at, against the Falk laws, cxxxix. 380

Fungi, publications on edible kinds

of, cxxix. 333; prejudices against, ib.; varieties of, 334; forms and colours of, ib.; the Phal'us impudicus or stinkhorn, 335; parasitic growth of, not confined to decayed matter, 336; the Coprini, ib.; instances of rapid growth, 337; stones displaced by toadstools, ib. ; the Antennaria cellaris, 338; Dr. Badham on their destructive effects, 339 phosphorescence of, 340; allusions to, in the Talmud, 341; and in classic authors, ib.; the 'boletus' of the Romans, ib.; inspection of, in modern Rome, 342; large consumption of, in Russia, 343; poisonous fly-ageries, 345; detection of poisonous kinds, 346; a silver spoon no test, 347; the common mushroom excluded from

Italian markets, 347; alleged cases of poisoning thereby, ib. ; narcotic effects of fungus-poison, 348; chemical properties of, 349 ; amanatin, ib.; edible kinds should be eaten fresh, ib.; the large horsemushroom, 350; the Agaricus personatus or Blewits, 351; Agaricus procerus, or 'parasol' agaric, ib.; receipts for dressing the Chantarelle, 352; which must not be mistaken for the Agaricus aurantiacus, ib. ; the genus Russula unwholesome, 353; the fairy-ring champignons are edible, ib. ; fungi similar thereto, ib.; the Boletus edulis, 354; the Ag. nebularis, ib.; eatable puff-balls, 355; receipt for puff-ball omelette, ib.; excellence of the giant puff-ball, ib.; the liver fungus on old oak-trees, 356; St. George's mushroom, 357; Ag. rubescens and Ag. ostreatus, 358; oyster-fungus, 359; the hedgehog mushroom, ib.; the morel, 360; Helvella and Clavariæ, 361; truffles, ib.; the truffle-hunting dog, 362; recent exhibition of edible fungi, 364; their use as an article of popular diet, 365

Furniss (Rev. J.), his infamous book on the 'Sight of Hell,' cxxx. 327 Furnivall (Mr. F. J.), his preface to Chaucer, cxxxii. 1; exertions for the Chaucer Society, 6, 7 Fuseli (Henry, about 1739-1825), his detraction of schools of art, cxviii. 484

Futteh Mahomed, driven from

Balkh by Abdool Rehman, cxxv. 25; joins Shere Ali, 28 Future existence, belief in, not identical with a belief in immortality, cxxxix. 436 note

GABLENTZ (Austrian general), his
dearly-bought victory at Trautenau
in 1866, cxxv. 374; surprised by
the Prussians, 375; his defeat at
Alt-Rognitz, 376

Gaddi (Taddeo, b. about 1300), his
paintings criticised, cxxii. 93
Gainsborough (Thomas, 1737-1788),
ceased to exhibit at the Royal
Academy after 1784, from his pic-
ture being hung too low, cxviii.
495

Gairdner (James), his 'Memorials of

Richard III. and Henry VII.,'
cxxi. 200; papers relating to
Richard, 201, 204; his suspicions
as to Perkin Warbeck, 205; his
criticism of Bacon's account, ib.
206; on the murder of the Princes
in the Tower, 207; documents re-
lating to the Earl of Suffolk, 215;
excessive bulk of his work, 222
Galatia, the churches of, cxxxi. 481
Galilei (Galileo, 1564-1642), his
theory of the solar constitution,
cxvi. 315

joint of his back-bone in
museum at Padua, cxxiv. 364

the founder of rational me-
chanics, cxxvii. 104; his discove-
ries of the nature of sound, ib.
his discovery of Saturn's
'ring, exl. 422
Galton (Francis), his 'Meteorogra-
phica,' exxiv. 51; his competence
and zeal in his subject, 61 note

his work on Hereditary
Genius, exxxii. 100; on the decay
of peerage families, 103; ascribes
it partly to intermarriage with
heiresses, 104; his system of
proof, 106; great men classified
by reputation and merit, 108; his
grades of ability,' ib.; notation of

G

kindred and tables,' ib.; his law of
'deviation from an average,' 109
his misconception of popular pre-
judice, ib.; disregard of social in-
fluences on success in life, 110;
his proportion of eminent men to
the population, 111; analysis of
judges' relations, ib.; his conclu-
sions modified, 112; his fanciful
theories of oarsmen and wrestlers,
113; his too minute tabulation,
114; loose application of the word
'genius,' 115; overdrawn theory
as to distinguished kinships, 121;
influence of parents compared, ib.
Galvanic battery, its employment in
submarine blasting, cxxiv. 203 and
note

Galvanometer, invention of, by Sir
W. Thompson, cxxxii. 232
Gama (Vasco de, 1450-1524), his
triumphant voyage to Calicut
round the Cape, cxxviii. 229
Gambetta (M.), represents the Go-

vernment of National Defence at
Tours, cxxxiii. 28; his revolutio-
nary energy, ib.; opposes the
election of a National Assembly,
ib.; his temporary ascendency, 29
Game Laws, popular doctrine of
feræ naturæ, cxxviii. 546; their
provisions stated, 547; associated
with old forest laws, 548; the
tenant's grievance, 549

large number of recent con-
victions, cxxxiv. 392; party in-
difference to, in Parliament, ib.;
one-sided views of, ib.; increasing
evil of petty poaching, 393; Mr.
Taylor's Bill for abolition of, ib. ;
question of feræ naturæ, ib.; most
important game not 'wild animals'
at all, 394; pheasants and par-
tridges, 395; hares and rabbits,

396; value of game as food for
the people, 397; argument of de-
moralising influence of temptation,
398; Reports on, in the Colonies,
399; Scotch feeling at the elec-
tion of 1868, 400; Mr. Loch's
Bill, ib.; Lord Advocate's Bill,
402; proposed assimilation of
Scotch and English laws, ib.;
criminal side of the question, 403;
game should be made Property,
405; difficulty of identification
examined, ib.; question of damage,
406; altered conditions of sport,
408, 409

Ganges Canal, the, cxvii. 21

its enormous importance,
cxix. 124; strictures of Sir
Arthur Cotton on, 132
Garnets, mineralogical group of,
cxxiv. 246; supposed etymology
of, ib.; varieties of, ib.; use of, in
Etruscan gems, 551

Garter, Order of the, fiction of the

Countess of Salisbury, cxxiv. 366
and note

Gas, expansion of, by heat, ex-
plained, cxxx. 144; absorptive
properties of, 145

Gases, molecular mobility of, cxxxiii.
158; magnitude of atoms in,

Gaul (ancient), evidences of Iron
Age in, cxxxii. 477, 479
Gauss (Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855),
his improvements in magnetic in-
struments, cxxxvi. 413; his work
on terrestrial magnetism, 428
'Gebir,' poem by Landor, cxxx. 225
Geese, foreign varieties of, in England,
cxi. 186

Gelee, Claude. See Claude, Lorraine
Gellius (Aulus, second century), de-

poses to having seen the original
MSS. of Virgil, cxxiv. 354
Gems, talismanic influence of, cxxiv.

230; the terms applied to intaglio
and cameos, 511, 512; dactylo-
theca of Mithridates, 513; collec-
tions of, in ancient Rome, b.; dis-
coveries at Kertch, ib.; Byzantine
specimens, 514; intaglio work on
rock crystal of the tenth century,
ib.; art of engraving encouraged
by Lorenzo de' Medici, 515; later
progress of the art, ib.; manufac-
ture of quasi-antiques, 516; col-
lections of the last century, 517;
Cinque-cento cameos, ib.; Greek
and Roman cameos, 518; modern
cameos undercut, ib. ; anecdote of
Payne Knight and Pistrucci, 519;
Lord Arundel's specimens, 520;
Christian interpretations of pagan
myths on gems, ib.; public col-
lections of, in Europe, 521; Blen-
heim and Devonshire collections,
522; gems at Castle Howard, ib. ;
French collectors, 523; modern
and ancient modes of gem-engrav-
ing, ib., 524; introduction of the
wheel, ib.; scaraboid chalcedony
at St. Petersburg, 525; tests of
genuineness, ib.; use of lenses, 526;
gem-signets, 527; cylinders, 528-
532; Assyrian stamp-seals, 533;
Asiatic gems after Alexander, 534;
stamps of the Sassanian period, ib.;
beetle-stone or scarabæus, ib. 540;
Etruscan gems, 539; specimens
thereof, 543; the Theseus at St.

Petersburg, ib.; gems in finger-
rings, 544; superiority of Greek
work, ib.; the Marlborough
Hermes, 546; Greek and Greco-
Roman gems compared, 547; sim-
plicity of Greek design, ib.; va-
rieties of minerals used, 551,
552

Genealogy, historical importance of

the study of, cxxi. 328; the
'Herald and Genealogist,' 336;
looseness of, in Scotland, 340
Genappe, brilliant cavalry charge at,
cxvii. 163

Genesis, Book of, theory of its double

origin, cxix. 150

Geneva, early history of, cxxxi. 130;

sketch of, at the Reformation, 131;
character of the people changed by
Calvinism, 133; civil and ecclesias-
tical polity of, 138, 140

Lake of, ancient dwellings
discovered in, cxvi. 159
Geneva Arbitration, the, cxxxv.
549; publication of the American
'Case,' ib.; their extravagant de-
mands for the expenses of the war
after Gettysburg, 550; onerous
conditions of neutrality, ib.:
American sympathy with Hun-
gary in 1848, 552; obligations of
neutrals defined by Wheaton, 553;
acts complained of are those of
Americans themselves, 554; the
contest misrepresented, 555; de
facto belligerency of the South,
556; the Alabama' claims, 557;
English concessions at the Treaty
of Washington overlooked, ib.;
leading propositions in the 'Case,'
ib.; rights of belligerents and
neutrals, 558, 564; traffic of neu-
trals in contraband, 565; unten-
able demands thereupon, 567;
Bynkershoek on enlistment, ib.;
the Foreign Enlistment Act,
568; English recruiting in the
Crimean War, 570; the American
Foreign Enlistment Act, 571;

building of vessels in neutral ports
construed into an act of hostility,
572; authority of Hautefeuille
and Bluntschli, 574; case of the
'Santissima Trinidad,' b.; ques-
tion of due diligence,' 576; real
question for the arbitrators to
decide, 577; the Treaty of Wash-
ington, ib.; what is neutrality?
579; question of neutral trade,
580; consistent policy of Earl
Russell, 583

Geneva Arbitration, the, proceed-

ings and award of the tribunal,
CXxxvii. 264; final settlement
of American claims, ib.; amount
of English liability, ib.; English
acquiescence in the verdict, b.;
names of arbitrators and coun-
sel, 265; rules laid down in Ar-
ticle VI. of Treaty of Washing-
ton, ib.; decision and protest of
Sir A. Cockburn, 266; the plead-
ings compared, 267; reasons for
holding our liability a foregone
conclusion, ib.; discussion on the
Foreign Enlistment Act, ib. 268;
and on 'due diligence,' 269; arbi-
trators' construction of the rule
thereon, 270; views on which the
award proceeded, 271, 275; two
propositions laid down as to liabi-
lity of neutrals, ib.; American in-
vectives rebuked by Sir A. Cock-
burn, 276; his separate judgment,
277; his definition of base of ope-
rations,' 280; his summary of inter-
national law, ib.; application of
rules to other Powers, 282; future
position of neutral States left un-
settled, 283; suggestions for settle-
ment, ib.; future policy of Eng-
land, ib. 293; results of the Arbi-
tration, ib.
Genius, use of the word in Macbeth,'
CXXX. 97

hereditary influences on,
cxxxii. 100 (see Galton, F.); va-
rious attributes of, 122; common-