Rubens (Sir Peter Paul, 1577-1640),

Judgment of

criticism of his
Paris,' cxl. 193
Rubric, Anglican, first Report of
the Ritual Commissioners, cxxvi.
499; obsolete authority of, re-
specting vestments, ib.; decisive-
ness and impartiality of the Com-
missioners' verdict, 500; their
lenient treatment of the Ritualists,
501; their practical recommenda-
tions criticised, ib.; recovery of
the original MS. Prayer-book,
503; question of the Ornament

Rubric settled thereby, ib.; pro-
posed relaxations on behalf of the
laity, 505-515 (see Baptismal and
Burial Services); fresh Rubrics
for discipline opposed, 511; mis-
chievous restrictions on ministers,
515; curtailment of liberty re-
specting public services, ib. ;
shorter Sunday evening services
proposed, 516; case of the poorer
classes, 517; enlarged use of con-
secrated buildings proposed, 518;
the parochial system in town and
country, 520, 521; shortcomings
of the clergy as ministers of reli-
gion, ib.; scope of the Commission
misunderstood, 522; their ample
powers, 523

Rubric, Anglican, Bill of 1874, for

revision of, cxl. 429
Rubruquis, French friar, his mission
to the Mongols, cxxxv. 25; his
account of Christians at the Court,
ib. 27

Ruby, the, or red sapphire, cxxiv.

241, 242; varieties of, belonging
to the group of spinels, 243; use
of, in ancient gems, 552
Rudolph (of Hapsburg, Emperor of
Germany, d. 1291), his election as
King of the Romans, cxxix. 134;
his relations with the Swiss, ib. 138
Rugby School, incomes of house-

masters at, compared with those
at Eton, cxx. 181
Ruiz and Pavon (MM.), their botani-
cal expedition to Peru, cxviii. 510
Rumford (Benjamin Thompson,
Count, 1752-1814), his experi-
ments on heat by friction, cxix. 9

memoir of, by Mr. Ellis,
cxxxv. 321; his early life, 322;
scientific career, 323; military
service in America, 324; services
to the British, 325; his life in
Bavaria, 326; temporary visit to
England, 328; his final diplomatic
mission to London, 329; his scheme
of the Royal Institution, ib.; his
house in London, 331; second
marriage and life at Paris, 333;
separation, 334; Cuvier's éloge
on him, ib.; his services to the
Royal Institution, 335; Gilray's
caricatures, ib.

Runic epitaphs in Gaul, cxx. 247,

248

Runjeet Singh (Maharajah), perso-
nal character of his government,
cxvii. 5

his character by M. Jacque-
mont, cxxx. 75

his services to the Sikhs,
cxxxiv. 384; his European officers,
ib. 389
Rupert's Land, definition of, in the
charter of Charles II., cxix. 443
Ruskin (John, b. 1819), his intole-
rance in art criticism, cxxii. 77
Russell (Lord John, 1792), speech
of, in 1836, described by Greville,
cxl. 520; his appointment as
Paymaster of the Forces, 521
Russell (Earl, b. 1792), his History
of the English Government,' cxxii.
257; consistency of his political
career, ib.; on the prospects of
arbitrary power in England, 259;
on further extensions of the suf-
frage, 260; on the two theories
of the franchise, 273; his objec-
tions to plural voting, 279

6

Russell (Earl), chosen Prime Minister
in 1865, cxxiii. 275; his consistent
advocacy of electoral reform, 278;
unsupported by extreme Liberals,
ib.; his Borough Franchise Bill of
1852, ib.

his removal to the House of
Lords, cxxv. 279

favours the representation of
minorities, cxxvi. 561

his Letter to Mr. Chichester
Fortescue on the State of Ireland,
cxxvii. 531

his Reform administration of
1865-66, cxxviii. 550, 555; his
proposal for a partial endowment
of Roman Catholics in Ireland, 568
Letter of, to the Edinburgh
Review, on his Irish Church pro-
posals (as stated in Vol. CXXVIII.
568), cxxix. 302 note

Speeches from 1817 to 1841
and Despatches(1859-1865),cxxxi.
567; his unswerving consistency,
ib.; political value of his works,
568; charge of partisanship, 569;
his introductory sketch, 570; en-
ters Parliament, 571; on the Liver-
pool Administration, 573; speech
of 1819 on Reform, 574; his Re-
peal of the Test and Corporation
Acts, 576; Reform Bill of 1831,
ib. 577; his earnest eloquence,
580; mature thought and solid
information, 581; his power in
debate, ib.; his diplomacy vindi-
cated, 582

his speech on introducing the
first Reform Bill, cxxxiii. 303;
his audience with the King in
1832 on resigning, 310; later in-
terviews, 319

his consistent foreign policy
during the American Civil War,
CXXXV. 583

Russell, House of, foundation of

their greatness, cxxxi. 349
Russell (Rachel, Lady, 1636-1723),
Miss Berry's Life of, cxxii. 326

Russell (Mr. J. Scott), his evidence
against patents, cxxi. 600
Russia, dread of European publicity,
cxii. 176; bureaucratic tyranny in,
179; her secret policy, ib. ; malad-
ministration of justice, 180; ob-
sequiousness of the Senate, 183;
proposals of reform, 184; mili-
tary mismanagement, 187; finan-
cial difficulties of Alexander II.,
189; commercial apathy, ib.;
extravagance of the Civil List,
190; the duty on corn-brandy,
191; Temperance Societies pro-
hibited, 192; administrative re-
form necessary for serf-emancipa-
tion, 193; character of the serfs,
ib.; early restrictions on labourers,
197; attached to the soil in 1592,
ib.; partial abolitions of serfage,
199; emancipation projects of
Alexander I., ib.; improvements
effected by Nicholas, 200; dis-
trust of the Czars by the pro-
prietors, 202; emancipation pro-
claimed in 1857, 203; difficulties
of carrying out the proclamation,
204; the rural system, 206; claims
of the peasants to the land, 207;
proposed scheme of peasant pro-
prietorship, 208; plan of uniting
communes into cantors, 209;
geographical explorations in, 314
semi-oriental character of,

cxiii. 555

her claim to a protectorate of
the Orthodox Church in Turkey,
cxvii. 316; her gradual advances
upon Japan, 536

co-operative societies in,

cxx. 433

her advances in Central Asia,
cxxii. 176 and note

meteorological studies in,
cxxiv. 74, 76; alliance with Aus-
tria against Buonaparte, 567

her designs on Chinese Tar-
tary, cxxv. 34; capture of Tash-
kend, 37; her conciliatory policy

to Bokhara, 38; campaign of
1866 in Bokhara, ib. 40; victory
over the Bokhariots, ib.; her de-
signs against Kokand and Andi-
jan, 41; absurd alarms of invasion
of India, 42; her recent policy no
cause for alarm, 45; obstacles to
her further advance, 46
Russia, compilation of Sclavic cus-
toms of law in, cxxvi. 358; pro-
gress of legal reform, 361

modern drama in, cxxviii.
158; pictures of middle-class life
revealed therein, 159 (see Os-
trovsky, A. N.); inferior position
of women in, 167

taxation in, cxxxi. 377

relations of, with the Baltic
Provinces, cxxxii. 50 (see Baltic
Provinces); democratic agitation
after the death of Nicholas, 55;
Lithuania and White Russia, 58;
policy of the Moscow School, 59 ;
land-tenures in, 60; present retro-
grade condition of landed society,
65; formation of secret societies
in, 364; the conspiracy of 1825,
365, 378

military policy of, cxxxiv. 1;
diplomatic silence of, since 1856,
2; want of rest after the Crimean
War, ib.; effects of serf-emancipa-
tion on foreign policy, 3; growth
of national sentiment, ib.; altered
views of annexation, 4; Russify-
ing process in Poland, 5; material
progress, 6; new views of mili-
tary policy, ib.; strategical advan-
tages of her position, 7; theatre
of the next great struggle, 9;
Western frontiers viewed as the
basis of offence, 11; resources of
the population, 12'; elements of
the army, 13; immense organism
now being developed, 15; condi-
tions of military strength, 16;
her aggressive traditions, 17; ca-
pacity for aggression in war, ib.;
her policy directed against a

European alliance, 18; her mena-
cing attitude avowed, 19; disposi-
tion of forces against an alliance,
ib., 22; part assigned to the militia,
23; relative value of the regular
troops, 24; short-service system
and reserves, 25; quantity and
quality of troops, 26; previous
excess of imitation, 27; doctrine
of personal obligation to serve
now proclaimed, 28; details of
new military law of conscription,
29; formation of future militia,
30; conflicting views thereon, ib.;
recent progress in individual effi-
ciency, 31; defects and merits of
the Russian soldier, 32; present
strength of active army, 33;
capacities of extension, ib. ; educa-
tion of the staff, ib.; available
frontier forces, 34; recent obser-
vations of British officers, ib.;
improved condition of infantry,
35; their increased intelligence,
ib.; complaints of loose discipline,
ib.; jealousies of race excited by re-
cent Russian policy, 36; the Sclave
question and Poland, 37; present
peaceful attitude to Turkey, 38;
ulterior designs of, in Europe,
39; impending struggle with
Austria, ib.; hence the recent
armament of, 40; maxim of, on
the Eastern Question, 41; proper
policy of England thereon, ib.; no
national cordiality with Germany,
42; her aggrandising theory of
race, 43; need of English and
German vigilance, 44

Russia, her resources in horse-pro-

duction, cxxxviii. 432, 434
Russia (Southern), discovery of

Silurian deposits in, cxii. 94;
area of Permian strata, 100
Russian War, the, the French Alli-
ance necessary to England, cxvii.
310; starting point of the quarrel,
316; movements of the British
fleet, 325; effect of the closing of

navy in the Black Sea, 268; the
Vienna Conference of 1855, 269;
Prince Gortschakoff's proposal
thereat, 270; Lord Clarendon's
circular despatch, ib.; fall of
Sebastopol, 272; Four Points pro-
posed by Austria, ib.; conditions
insisted on by England, ib.; pro-
tocol of 1856 at Vienna, 273;
Congress opened at Paris, ib.; the
Black Sea neutralised by the
Treaty of Paris, ib., 276; solemnity
of Russian engagements, ib.; for-
bearance of the Allies, 277; Prince
Gortschakoff's recent pretext for
repudiation, ib.; the Treaty vindi-
cated, 278
Rutherford (Lewis), his photogra-
phic maps of the moon, cxxxviii.
154

Rütli, the story of, cxxix. 144
Ruthven, Raid of, cxl. 341
Ryle (Mr.), his letters to the 'Re-
cord' on Evangelical reform,
cxxxiii. 417

SAALFELD, battle of (1806), cxxxi.
67

Sabæans, the, wide use of the term

by the Arabs, cxxiv. 13

Sabean Worship in America, cxxxi.
235
Sabbatarianism, theory of, cxiv. 536.
See Sunday

Sabbath, directions in the Talmud
respecting, cxxxviii. 62
Sabini Pietro, his collection of me-

diæval Christian inscriptions, cxx.
220, 221

Sabrinus (Canisius), anecdote of, by
Seneca, exxiv. 356
Sacheverell (Dr. Henry, d. 1724),
his trial a political blunder, exviii.

415

alleged Puritan mysticism, ib.;
life of the Nun, 253; early allu-
sions to the worship, 254 (see
Alacoque, Marie); M. Lemontey's
theory of, 268; conclusions as to
its origin, 270

Sadducees, origin and tenets of,
cxxxviii. 45

Sadleir (Capt.), his negotiations with
Ibrahim Pasha respecting the
Wahabees, cxxv. 9
Sadowa, battle of (1866), decisive
character of, cxxiv. 293

casualties at, cxxv. 385
Sæmund (Sigfusson, about 1056-
1133), his collection of Scandina-
vian literature, cxiv. 429
Sagas, Icelandic, exl. 257
Sahara, the, French explorations of,
cxii. 320; value of Dr. Barth's
discoveries, 221

recent geological evidence
respecting, cxxxiv. 226
Sailer (John Michael, 1751-1832),
his career and religious teaching,
cxxxvii. 559

St. Augustine, his alleged cure of a
blind man denied by Dean Hook,
cxxvii. 421, 422

St. Bartholomew, Convent of, in
London, cxxxi. 166

St. Bartholomew, Massacre of (1572),
description of, by a Jesuit eyewit-
ness, cxxiv. 93

premonitory signs of, cxl. 221
St. Benedict, his peculiar asceticism,
cxxvii. 429

St. Bernard (1091-1153), contrasts
in his character, cxiv. 324; slan-
ders William of York, 342

his influence on monachism,
cxxvii. 430

Sainte Beuve (Charles Augustine,
1804-1869), his sketch of M. de
Bonstetten, cxix. 413

list of his works, cxxxii.
126; his recent funeral, ib.; per-
sonal appearance, 127; birth and
early life, 128; intimacy with

Victor Hugo, 129; joins the
'Cénacle,' ib.; his Tableau de la
Poésie Française,' ib.; early poems,
130; acquaintance with English
poets, 131; his 'Joseph Delorme,'
ib.; Consolations,' 133; 'moral
crisis' in his life, ib.; Portraits
littéraires,' 135; articles on
Boileau, etc., ib.; influence of
revolution of 1830, 136; ad-
miration for Lamennais,
137;
anecdote, ib.; separates from the
Romantic School, 138; his early
enthusiasm, 139; his Volupté,'
ib.; History of Port Royal, 140;
his mournful farewell therein,
142; climax of his life, 143;
Lectures at Liége University,
144; his masterly work on Châ-
teaubriand, ib.; journalism at Paris,
ib.; his 'Causeries de Lundi,' in
the Constitutionnel,' 145; ac-
quiesces in the coup d'état, 147;
his article Les Regrets,' ib.; re-
signs his professorship of poetry,
148; his subsequent popularity,
149; sympathy with Liberalism,
150; his critical method examined,
ib.; on the moral characters of
authors, ib.; compared with M.
Taine, 152; his excellence as a
biographer, ib.; fine faculty of
criticism, ib.; his natural taste,
153; an epitome of modern cul-
ture, 154
St. Bride's Ring, supposed Druidical
remains so called, cxx. 315
St. Christopher's, Island of, circum-
stances of its occupation, cxv. 10
St. Columba (d. 597), his romantic
history, exiv. 334, 337

character of his monastic
system, cxxvii. 401; legends of
his birth and childhood, 406; his
appetite for books, 407; his quar-
rel with King Dermot, 408;
battle of Cul-Dreimhne, ib.; his
voyage to Iona, 409; his predic-
tions and miracles, 410, 414;