less willing to take service under local governments than they were, in the past, to take service under the Secretary of State.'

SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

569. The conclusions and recommendations in this chapter may be summarised as follows:

(1) The Director of Agriculture should be an officer combining administrative capacity with high scientific qualifications (paragraph 547).

(2) If an officer with the requisite qualifications is not forthcoming in the Agricultural Department of a particular province when a vacancy in the directorship occurs, the local Government should, in the first instance, turn to the Agricultural Department of another province or, failing that, to the Indian Civil Service (paragraph 547).

(3) The posts of directors of agriculture and principals of agricultural colleges should be scheduled as selection posts outside the cadre of Class I appointments (paragraph 547).

(4) In the matter of pay and status, the Director of Agriculture should be on an equality with the heads of other important departments such as those of Public Instruction and Forests (paragraph 547).

(5) The pay of principals of agricultural colleges should be Rs. 1,500-50-2,000. The special pay at present attaching to these posts should be abolished (paragraph 547).

(6) Should it prove advisable to appoint a joint director in any province, he should be on the ordinary time-scale with special pay in recognition of his increased responsibility (paragraph 547).

(7) The field of recruitment to the superior provincial agricultural services in any province should not be restricted to the province itself or to India (paragraph 549).

(8) The research, teaching and administrative branches of the superior provincial agricultural services should be on the same basic scale of pay, but in order to attract the first class research worker, it will probably be necessary to supplement the basic scale with special pay (paragraph 549).

(9) The recruitment of research workers on short-term agreements on special terms is not recommended (paragraph 549).

(10) A system of post-graduate research scholarships should be instituted, the scheme for which should be administered by a subcommittee of the Council of Agricultural Research (paragraph 549).

(11) Promotions to research posts in the superior provincial agricultural services from the provincial agricultural services should be permitted in cases of outstanding merit (paragraph 549).

(12) The teaching side of the agricultural colleges requires strengthening and the professorships and certain senior lectureships should invariably be filled in the future by officers of the Indian Agricultural Service or officers in Class I of the new provincial agricultural services (paragraph 550).

(13) A post-graduate course should be an essential qualification for direct recruitment to the administrative branch of the superior provincial agricultural services where the candidate has undergone his previous training in a provincial agricultural college or an Indian university (paragraph 551).

(14) This course should not be regarded as a substitute for the possession of practical experience (paragraph 551).

(15) All officers appointed to the superior provincial agricultural services should be on probation for a suitable period (paragraph 552).

(16) Interchange should be freely permitted between the administrative and the research and teaching branches in the earlier years of service (paragraph 553).

(17) The only special posts outside the cadre of the superior provincial agricultural services, other than those of the directors of agriculture and principals of agricultural colleges should be those created for strictly limited periods and strictly defined objects (paragraph 554).

(18) Subject to the reservation in regard to research posts in recommendation (8) above, the basic time-scale now in force for the Indian Agricultural Service is recommended for appointments in the new superior provincial agricultural services (paragraph 555).

(19) Officers of the Indian Agricultural Service and of the superior provincial agricultural services should be placed on an age for age equality with services of similar standing (paragraph 555).

(20) Allowances should be made for age, where this connotes higher qualifications or valuable experience, in fixing the point at which an officer enters the time-scale of a superior provincial agricultural service (paragraph 555).

(21) Effect should be given to the recommendation of the Royal Commission on the Superior Civil Services in India that Public Service Acts should be passed in each province (paragraph 556).

(22) The relations between the provincial agricultural services should be of the closest possible character and the interchange of officers to deal with special problems should be provided for (paragraph 557).

(23) The establishment of close relations between research workers in India and all Empire research stations should be encouraged by mutual visits and possibly also, in course of time, by a system of exchange of research workers for definite periods (paragraphs 558 and 559).

(24) Officers in all branches of the superior provincial agricultural services should be encouraged to avail themselves of the opportunities for study abroad afforded by the study leave rules (paragraph 559).

(25) Officers on study leave in Europe should take the opportunity to visit the International Institute of Agriculture at Rome if it

possesses information bearing upon their line of work (paragraph 559).

(26) Programmes of work in England should be arranged through the office of the High Commissioner for India (paragraph 559).

(27) Travelling scholarships should be instituted for graduates or holders of diplomas of agricultural colleges who intend to take up private work (paragraph 559).

(28) No changes in the methods of recruitment and the conditions of service of the provincial agricultural services are recommended (paragraph 561).

(29) Pending the constitution of Public Services Commissions in the provinces, promotions and direct appointments to posts in these services should be made on the recommendations of a strong selection committee (paragraph 561).

(30) Interchange between the three branches of the provincial agricultural services should be freely allowed in the early years of service and even at later periods should this appear desirable (paragraph 561).

(31) The higher grades of the subordinate agricultural services should be designated Agricultural Assistants Class I and Class II respectively (paragraph 562).

(32) The staff of the Pusa Research Institute and its sub-stations should be constituted a Central Agricultural Research Service (paragraph 563).

(33) As regards the composition of the staff at Pusa, the principal object to be aimed at should be the provision of specialists of high reputation each in charge at the outset of one of the eight sections into which the work of the Institute is at present divided (paragraph 563).

(34) In addition to the head of the section, there should be at least one Class I officer attached to each section at Pusa (paragraph 563).

(35) The Director and the heads of sections should be most carefully selected. While an officer of exceptional merit already in service should not be debarred from being appointed either as Director or the head of a section, it is necessary, in the existing conditions, that these appointments should in the main be filled by direct recruitment from abroad (paragraph 563).

.

(36) Other Class I officers at Pusa should be recruited either directly or by selection from the Indian Agricultural Service or the superior provincial agricultural services (paragraph 563).

(37) Recruitment for the Central Agricultural Research Service on short-term agreements is not recommended (paragraph 563).

(38) Officers of the Indian Agricultural Service or of the superior provincial agricultural services should be appointed to Pusa in the first instance for a term of three years (paragraph 563).

(39) The pay of the Director of Pusa should be such as will enable the best man available to be obtained (paragraph 564).

(40) A minimum scale of Rs. 1,500-50-2,000 is suggested for the heads of sections at Pusa (paragraph 565).

(41) The pay of other Class I posts in the Central Agricultural Service should be the existing time-scale of pay for the Indian Agricultural Service plus Pusa allowance, but the Pusa allowance should be absorbed into pay and suitable adjustments in the timescale should be made accordingly (paragraph 565).

(42) Posts in the Central Agricultural Research Service, unless held by officers already in a pensionable service, should be on a provident fund basis with the exception of those at present designated Class II posts at Pusa which should remain on a pensionable basis (paragraphs 564, 565 and 566).

(43) The designation of the existing Class II officers at Pusa should be changed. These appointments should be largely filled by officers from the provincial services who would receive their provincial scale of pay with a Pusa allowance of Rs. 150 per mensem (paragraph 566).

(44) Officers directly recruited to these appointments should receive the pay of the Provincial Agricultural Service with a Pusa allowance of Rs. 150 per mensem (paragraph 566).

(45) The tenure of these appointments when filled by officers from the provinces should be limited to to five years (para

graph 566).

(46) The cost of visits paid by the members of the Central Agricultural Research Service to the provinces, whether in the course of their ordinary work or to assist in dealing with a specific problem, should be regarded as part of the normal expenditure of the Pusa Institute (paragraph 567).

(47) Restriction of recruitment for the new superior provincial agricultural services to a province or even to India would tell seriously on efficiency. From the point of view of wider outlook and variety of experience, officers recruited from abroad can make a valuable contribution to the development of Indian agriculture and the hope expressed by the Royal Commission on the Superior Civil Services in India in regard to the continued co-operation of European officers is, therefore, strongly endorsed (paragraph 568).

CHAPTER XX

MISCELLANEOUS

THE

570. In this chapter, we propose to discuss a few miscellaneous questions of some importance which do not fall naturally within the scope of previous chapters of our Report.

SCOPE OF
CHAPTER.

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MINOR PROVINCES.

571. A question which, in our opinion, deserves more attention than it has hitherto received is that of agricultural development in the minor provinces which remain under the direct control of the Government of India. Much the most important of these, though (i) DESCRIPTIVE. it is not the largest in area, is the North-West Frontier Province. The agricultural and other rural problems of this province have been examined with those of the nine major provinces of India in the previous chapters of this Report and it is, therefore, unnecessary to discuss them further here. It will be convenient to preface the recommendations regarding agricultural development in the other five provinces which are also under the direct control of the Government of India, Baluchistan, Ajmer-Merwara, the Andaman Islands, Coorg and Delhi with a brief description of the salient features of these tracts.

Baluchistan is a country of barren mountains and arid deserts on the western border of India. Exclusive of the (a) BALUCHISTAN. States of Kalat and Las Bela, it has an area of 54,228 square miles and a population of 420,650. Its rainfall varies from eleven inches in the mountains to about half that amount in the plains. The principal crops are wheat and juar which are grown on 54 and 21 per cent respectively of the total cultivated area of 336,000 acres, of which 129,000 are irrigated. Other crops are rice, barley, oilseeds, maize, melons and potatoes. Fruit for export is increasingly grown in the highlands. Cropping on the unirrigated land is of a most precarious nature.

MO Y 286-42