3. Precedence among princes and States enjoying royal honors

4. Usage of the alternat

5. Language used in diplomatic intercourse

6. Titles of sovereign princes and States

7. Maritime ceremonials

CHAPTER IV.

RIGHTS OF PROPERTY.

§ 1. National proprietary rights

2. Public and private property

3. Eminent domain

4. Prescription

5. Conquest and discovery confirmed by compact and the lapse of time

6. Maritime territorial jurisdiction

7. Extent of the term coasts or shore

8. Right of fishery

9. Claims to portions of the sea upon the ground of prescription

10. Controversy respecting the dominion of the seas

11. Rivers forming part of the territory of the State

12. Right of innocent passage on rivers flowing through different States

13. Incidental right to use the banks of the rivers

14. These rights imperfect in their nature

15. Modification of these rights by compact

16. Treaties of Vienna respecting the great European rivers

17. Navigation of the Rhine

18. Navigation of the Mississippi .

19. Navigation of the St. Lawrence

PART THIRD.

INTERNATIONAL RIGHTS OF STATES IN THEIR PACIFIC RELATIONS.

CHAPTER I.

RIGHTS OF LEGATION.

§1. Usage of permanent diplomatic missions

2. Right to send and obligation to receive public ministers

3. Rights of legation, to what States belonging

4. How affected by civil war or contest for the sovereignty

5. Conditional reception of foreign ministers

6. Classification of public ministers

11. Duties of a public minister on arriving at his post.

282

12. Audience of the sovereign or chief magistrate

283

13. Diplomatic etiquette

283

14. Privileges of a public minister

283

15. Exceptions to the general rule of exemption from the local jurisdiction 284

16. Personal exemption extending to his family, secretaries, servants, &c.

17. Exemption of the minister's house and property

286

287

that to which he is accredited

18. Duties and taxes

19. Messengers and couriers

20. Public minister passing through the territory of another State than

21. Freedom of religious worship

22. Consuls not entitled to the peculiar privileges of public ministers

23. Termination of public mission

24. Letter of recall

CHAPTER II.

RIGHTS OF NEGOTIATION AND TREATIES.

§ 1. Faculty of contracting by treaty, how limited or modified

6. The treaty-making power dependent on the municipal constitution

7. Auxiliary legislative measures, how far necessary to the validity of a

treaty

328

329

8. Freedom of consent, how far necessary to the validity of treaties

9. Transitory conventions perpetual in their nature

10. Treaties, the operation of which cease in certain cases

342

11. Treaties revived and confirmed on the renewal of peace

343

12. Treaties of guaranty

344

13. Treaties of alliance

345

14. Distinction between general alliance and treaties of limited succor and

9. Enemy's property found in the territory on the commencement of war,

how far liable to confiscation

366

13. Trading with the enemy, unlawful on the part of subjects of the bel-

ligerent State

381

14. Trade with the common enemy, unlawful on the part of allied subjects 390

15. Contracts with the enemy prohibited

392

16. Persons domiciled in the enemy's country liable to reprisal

392

21. Produce of the enemy's territory considered as hostile so long as it

belongs to the owner of the soil, whatever may be his national char-

§ 1. Rights of war against an enemy

416

2. Limits to the rights of war against the person of an enemy

416

3. Exchange of prisoners of war.

417

4. Persons exempt from acts of hostility

419

PAGE

5. Enemy's property, how far subject to capture and confiscation

6. Ravaging the enemy's territory, when lawful

429

7. Distinction between private property taken at sea, or on land

8. What persons are authorized to engage in hostilities against the enemy 430

9. Non-commissioned captors

430

13. Validity of maritime captures determined in the courts of the captor's

country

456

14. Jurisdiction of the courts of the captor, how far exclusive

458

15. Condemnation by consular tribunal sitting in the neutral country

16. Responsibility of the captor's government for the acts of its commis-

sioned cruisers and courts

460

460

17. Title to real property, how transferred in war. Jus postliminii

18. Good faith towards enemies

469

470

19. Truce or armistice.

20. Power to conclude an armistice

21. Period of its operation

22. Rules for interpreting conventions of truce

23. Recommencement of hostilities on the expiration of truce

24. Capitulations for the surrender of troops and fortresses

25. Passports, safe-conducts, and licenses

26. Licenses to trade with the enemy

27. Authority to grant licenses

28. Ransom of captured property

478

5. Neutrality modified by a limited alliance with one of the belligerent

parties

489

6. Qualified neutrality, arising out of antecedent treaty stipulations, admit-

ting the armed vessels and prizes of one belligerent into the neutral

ports, whilst those of the other are excluded

490

9. Captures within the maritime territorial jurisdiction, or by vessels

stationed within it or hovering on the coasts

10. Vessels chased into the neutral territory and there captured

11. Claim on the ground of violation of neutral territory, must be sanctioned

by the neutral State

492

493

12. Restitution by the neutral State of property captured within its juris-

diction, or otherwise in violation of its neutrality

13. Limitations of the neutral jurisdiction to restore in cases of illegal

capture

PAGE

494

497

14. Right of asylum in neutral ports dependent on the consent of the neu-

tral State

498

15. Neutral impartiality, in what it consists

498

16. Arming and equipping vessels, and enlisting men within the neutral

territory, by either belligerent, unlawful

499

17. Prohibition enforced by municipal statutes

500

18. Immunity of the neutual territory, how far it extends to neutral vessels

on the high seas

503

19. Usage of nations subjecting enemy's goods in neutral vessels to capture 504

20. Neutral vessels laden with enemy goods subject to confiscation by the

21. Goods of a friend on board the ships of an enemy

505

505

22. The two maxims, of free ships free goods, and enemy ships enemy goods,

not necessarily connected

25. Transportation of military persons and despatches in the enemy's service 562

26. Penalty for the carrying of contraband

31. Right of a neutral to carry his goods in an armed enemy vessel

32. Neutral vessels under enemy's convoy, liable to capture

§ 1. Power of making peace dependent on the municipal constitution

2. Power of making treaties of peace limited in its extent

607

608

3. Effects of a treaty of peace

610

4. Uti possidetis the basis of every treaty of peace, unless the contrary be

expressed

612

5. From what time the treaty of peace commences its operation