Freija, at the reduction of Guadaloupe, and the destruction of the batteries at Bay Mahant. He was Lieut. to the frigate Macedonian, and severely wounded in her capture by the United States, in 1812; was made Com. in 1814; and, in command of the Shelburne, schooner, actively assisted at the capture of the American sloop Frolic. He also served in the New Orleans expedition. May 14th, at Leamington, Capt. Ferguson, 79th Foot. May 17th, at Brighton, Major E. B. Butler, Jate of the 4th Dragoon Guards, aged 54. May 18th, drowned, by the upsetting of a boat at Ballyshannon, Ireland, Capt. Drake, 92nd Highlanders, eldest son of Col. Drake, of Harley-street. May 19th, at Pilton, Rebecca, second daughter of Capt. Ridgway, Adjutant of the North Devon Militia, aged 20. May 20, at Ringwood, George Henry, eldest son of Capt. F. A. Griffiths, aged 21. May 21, at Belair, near Plymouth, Capt. Wm. Price Hamilton, R.N., after a few hours' illness, in his 46th year. This gallant officer was Midshipman of the Granicus, at Algiers; was made Lieut. in 1820; Commander, 1823; and Capt. in 1836. May 21st, in London, Lieut.-Col. Sir Fred. Watson, Unattached. May 21st, at Lieut.-Gen. Sir Thos. Pearson, C.B., K.C.H., after a period of 51 years' service. He entered the Army as Second Lieut. in October, 1796, and his commissions are dated:-Lieut., Oct. 2, 1796; Capt., Aug., 1800; Major, Dec., 1804; Lieut.-Colonel, May, 181; Colonel, Aug., 1819; Major-Gen., July, 1830; and Lieut.-Gen., Nov., 1841. He was appointed to the Colonelcy of the 85th Light Infantry on 21st Nov., 1843. We extract the following record of his services from Hart's Annual Army List:-" Sir Thomas Pearson served on the expedition to Ostend, in 1798, under Sir Eyre Coote; at the Helder in 1799, including the actions of the 27th August, 2nd and 6th October; with the expedition to the Ferrol, in 1800; the Egyptian campaign of 1801, including the storming of the heights of Aboukir (severely wounded in the thigh), and actions of the 13th and 21st March. Siege and capture of Copenhagen, in 1807; expedition to Martinique, in 1809; succeeded to the command of the Light Battalion, and held it till the surrender of the island, when he received the public thanks of the Commander of the Forces for his surprise of a French piquet under the walls of Fort Bourbon, where he was wounded in the leg by a grape-shot. Peninsular campaigns during the latter part of 1810, and 1811, including the occupation of Torres Vedras, first siege of Badajoz, battle of Albuhera-succeeded to the command of the Fusilier Brigade; action at Fuentes Guinaldo and siege of Olivença, at which last he received a severe wound which shattered the thigh bone. Served afterwards throughout the American war, including the action at Chrystler's Farm (horse shot under him); attack and capture of Oswego, actions at Chippewa (as second in command) and Lundy's Lane (wounded in the arm), siege of Fort Erie, where he was dangerously wounded by a rifle-ball in the head in an attack made by the Americans on the British position. Medal and a clasp for the battles of Albuhera and Chrystler's Farm. May 22nd, in London, A. Saunders, Esq., late of 12th Lancers, in which Regt. he served as Capt. in the Peninsula. May 22nd, at Newport, Capt. Stuckey, for many years water bailiff of that port. May 23rd, at Pepper Harrow, Surrey, S. Elliott, Esq., late Lieut. Royal Artillery, aged 23. May 24th, at her residence, No. 17, Charlemont-place, Dublin, Lady Frances, relict of the late Major-General Sir Robert Travers, K.C.B. May 25th, at Dublin, T. Tierney, Esq., late Paym., 43rd Light Infantry. May 25th, at Poole, Mary, third daughter of the late Capt. Ellis, R.N., of Wareham, Dorset aged 54. May 26th, at Exeter, Matilda, relict of the late Vice-Admiral Shuldham Peard. May 27th, at Brussels, Capt. T. Baynes, Unattached, formerly of 39th Regt., and A.D.C. from 1813 to 1816 to Gen. Sir J. Lambert, G.C.B. May 28th, at Valleyfield, Perthshire, Lady Baird Preston, of Valleyfield and Ferntower, widow of Gen. the Right Hon. Sir David Baird, Bart., G.C.B., and K.C. May 31st, at Mickleham, Col. Milner, late of 18th Dragoons. May 31st, at Birdhurst, Croydon, Magdalen, widow of the late Col. R. Sutherland, aged 64. May 31st, at Dublin, Lieut. W. Butler, R.N., fifth son of the late Hon. Col. Butler, M.P. May 31st, at Inverness-road, Bayswater, Emma Jane, widow of the late Major H. Scott, Dep.-Adj.-Gen., Madras Army. May 31st, at Florence, Col. Stibbert, late of the Coldstream Guards, eldest son of the late Gen. Stibbert, of Portswood House, near Southampton. -At Bolness, N.B., James Duncan, R.N., aged 82. He was Master's Mate of Ardent, 64, at the battle of Camperdown. At Portland-place, Lieut.-Col. Sir F. Watson. -At Fladbury, Worcestershire, A. Fretwell, daughter of the late Capt. Fretwell, E.I.C.S., of Upton Wold, Worcestershire, aged 70. On his passage from India, Major R. H. De Montmorency. 65th, E.I.C.S., second son of the late Lieut. Col. De Montmorency, 9th Lancers. June 1st, Lient.-Col. Elton, late 1st Dragoon Guards, aged 63. June 1st, at Aikton, Capt. R. H. Goodenough, of the H.E.I.C.S., aged 42. June 2nd, at the Ford House, in the parish of Newent, Mrs. Wood, relict of the late J. Wood, Esq., and sister of General Sir J. Thackwell, K.C.B. June 4th, near Dollar, R. Pinkerton, Esq., Captain, RI. Marines. June 5th, at Hereford, aged 81, Captain William M'Guire, R.N., on the Retired List of 1840, one of the surviving officers of the "glorious 1st of June." He was made a Lieutenant in 1793, and in Howe's action, in the following year, was First Lieutenant of the Invincible, 74, which vessel captured the French 80-gun ship La Juste. June 6th, at Anglesey, near Gosport, Thos. Byam, eldest son of Capt. W. F. Martin, R.N., aged 19. June 6th, at Glasgow, Ann, eldest daughter of the late Capt. J. Campbell, Royal Marines. June 6th, at her house, in the Branford-road, Ipswich, Mrs. General Bruce, widow of the late Lieut.-Gen. Henry Bruce, and second daughter of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Samuel Trevor Dickens, K.C.H. June 6th, at Franckfort-on-the-Maine, Lady Sarah E. B. Ainslie, wife of Major Ainslie, 14th King's Light Dragoons. June 7th, very suddenly, at Constance, Switzerland, Sir Grenville Temple Temple, Bart., late 15th Hussars, aged 48. June 8th, at Rugby, Mary Isabella, second surviving daughter of the late Capt. De Brett, Bengal Artillery, aged 16. June 9th, in London, aged 49, Lieut.-Col. Richard Irton, of the Rifle Brigade. June 9th, at 53, Baker-street, Portmansquare, Maj.-Gen. Archibald Robertson, Bombay Establishment. June 11th, at Exeter, J. A. H. Maitland, grandson of Lieut. Col. Bell, RI. Regt. June 12th, at Hounslow, where he had gone for the benefit of his health, Lieut.-Col. Fraser, K.H., formerly of the 83rd Regt., and for twenty-three years Fort-Major of Jersey. June 13th, in King-street, St. James's, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B. The deceased was fourth son of John Campbell, Esq., of Melfort, Argyleshire, Governor of Fort George, N.B., of whose seven sons six entered the Royal Service, five in the Army, and one, the late Vice-Admiral Sir Patrick Campbell, K.C.B., in the Navy. Two of them, who were in the 74th Highlanders, commanded by their uncle, the late Gen. Sir Alexander Campbell, Bart., were killed, as also a son of Sir Alexan. der's, at the battle of Assaye, and another brother, who was in the same regiment as the subject of this notice, the 78th High. landers, fell at the storming of a fort during the same campaign. Sir Colin commenced his military career in the Bredalbane Fencibles, of which his relative Gen. Campbell was Colonel, and served with them during the rebellion in Ireland. He was, in October, 1799, Gazetted into a West India Regiment, which he joined, and while out in the West Indies was appointed Major of Brigade to his uncle General Archibald Campbell. He was afterwards appointed to the 78th Highlanders, and it was while serving with them in the East Indies that he was placed by Sir Arthur Wellesley on his personal Staff, where he remained until Sir Arthur returned to this country, when he was attached as A.D.C. to the late Marquis of Wellesley, at that time Governor-General of Indla. On his return to England, Sir Colin joined his old Commander, Sir Arthur Wellesley, as Brigade Major, when in command of the camp formed on the coast of Sussex. He accompanied him on the expedition to Copenhagen, and continued uninterruptedly to serve with him on his personal Staff throughout the whole Peninsular War and at the Battle of Waterloo. He held the important appointment of Commandant at Head-quarters during the occupation of Paris and of France by the Allied Armies. On his return to England he did duty for a short period with the Coldstream Guards, and whilst with them was on the Staff of the Marquis of Wellesley when Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1825 he was promoted to the rank of Major-General, and was shortly afterwards Gazetted as Governor and Commanderin-Chief of Tobago; but before proceeding there, received the appointment of Lieut.Governor of Portsmouth, with the command of the South-western District. In 1834, he was sent to Halifax as Governor of Nova Scotia, and Major-General Commanding, from whence he returned about the end of 1840, and in February, 1841, went out to the Island of Ceylon as Governor and Commander-in-Chief. After holding the latter appointment upwards of six years, he returned to England, where he arrived only on the 28th of last May. Sir Colin had received a Cross and six Clasps, as also the Waterloo Medal, for the various actions in which he had been engaged; and had also conferred on him the foreign orders of Maria Theresa of Austria, St. George of Russia, Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria, and the Tower and Sword of Portugal. June 15th, in Sloane-street, Lieut.-Col. J. W. Roberdean, late of Bengal Cavalry, aged 58 years. June 15th, at Beaufort-street, Chelsea, J. Debenham, Commander R.N., aged 76. This gallant veteran entered the Royal Navy in 1788, and commenced his career "under fire," as Midshipman of the Duke, at the attack on Martinique, in 1793. He was Midshipman of the Glory, in Howe's actions on the 29th May and 1st June, 1794; and of the Prince of Wales in Bridport's affair. Was made a Lieutenant in 1796; served in the Invincible, at the reduction of Trinidad; and commanded the Devastation and Furious, in engagements with the enemy's flotilla, in 1805, 1806, and 1807. He concluded his gallant services with much honour to himself, in 1814, in which year his name appeared in the Gazette, for having, as agent of transports in the Walcheren expedidition, and on the north coast of Spain, rendered important services, particularly at passing the Adour. June 16th, at Bath, the wife of Major F. Brownlow. June 16th, at Farnham, Lieut. A. Nash, of the Bombay Engineers, aged 31. June 16th, at Calais, H. A. Dalton, Esq., late 3rd Regt. (Buffs). June 17th, in Piccadilly, aged 24, W. J. Blake, Esq., late of 34th Regt., the only son of Col. Blake, C.B. June 17th, at Witham, Essex, after a short illness, deeply lamented, Alice, the only surviving daughter of the late Major Richard Du Cane, of the 20th Light Dragoons, in her 24th year. June 17th, at Belmullet, Mayo, Ireland, of fever caught in the performance of his duty, Deputy-Assistant-Commissary-General Alfred Bishop, second son of Sir Henry Bishop. June 17th, at Lee Park, Blackheath, Major W. Buttanshaw, late of the Bengal Army, aged 56. June 18th, at Ipswich, Elizabeth King, second daughter of Lieut. W. Goose, R.N., Southend, aged 23. June 19th, at 61, Baker-street, Portmansquare, Capt. T. Smee, late of the H.E.I.C.S., aged 70. June 25th, at Richmond, Surrey, in his 80th year, Admiral the Hon. Sir Robert Stopford, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom, and Governor of Greenwich Hospital. (A memoir next month). - Com. Richard Jones, on the Retired List of 1816, died recently at Plymouth, at the advanced age of 73. He was made a Lieutenant in 1800; but although he appears to have seen a great deal of service in separate commands, he was not made a Commander until 1844, when he was then placed on the "Yellow List." He was at the defence of Fort Matilda, Guadaloupe, in 1794, and at the attack on the French squadron at Porto Rico; and at the capture of Trinidad. In 1797, when in command of a tender to the Bellona, he lost an arm, and was otherwise severely wounded, in an engagement with a superior force in the West Indies; was in the Fury, bomb, in Egypt, in 1801, and in the Malta, in Sir R. Calder's action. Capt. G. B. Downes, Rl. Engineers. - Lieut. Jarvey, h.p. 7th Foot. Lieut. Loaf, h.p. 52nd Foot. INSTRUCTION OF OFFICERS.-MILITARY MESSES. BY COLONEL FIREBRACE. "Sub Magistro edoctus artes belli."-Liv. "Who would suppose, from Adam's simple ration, As form a science and a nomenclature From out the commonest demands of Nature?"-BYRON. THOSE who have done me the honour of following the strictures I have put forth, from time to time, on the state and prospects of our military polity, will acknowledge that all the leading points have remained without contradiction, and no attempt has been made in any quarter to controvert the statements I have given of the grievous faults and errors of our system: unless, perhaps, the bitter reviling of some obscure person in office, who has substituted scurrility for argument, and has consequently been unnoticed. I had commenced by taking to pieces the whole frame-work of the military machine, and exposing its separate parts, from the Field Marshal down to the drumboy; and proved, I hope to the satisfaction of impartial persons, that the original vicious mode of raising our Army had continued to weigh upon every individual of the profession like an incubus. I further stated that there was no hope of any change or reformation to be expected originating in the Army itself, or from those who bore authority over it, but it must come from the representatives of the people in Parliament; and events have proved the truth of this prediction. Vox populi has appeared to be the best Adjutant-General the Army ever had or will have; and to it we must still appeal to remedy all the gross abuses yet remaining. In proof, we see that the greatest boon the Army ever received-the abridgment of the men's services, has emanated from the civil department of the Horse Guards. The attempts of the military authorities to do any thing liberal or generous are so awkward that they become ludicrous: it is something like a young elephant learning to dance under the auspices of Mr. Widdicombe. The orders are generally so complicated and contradictory, that it is no small task to get the better of them. I may give as a specimen the recent order which accompanied the issue of the nolens volens medals. A man who had been in several of the affairs selected for these prizes could not tell, whether he was to have two or three half-crowns, or whether all his adventures were to be recorded on one of them, and they were to be doled out in the ungracious and exclusive manner familiar to the niggard hand of charity when forced by shame or superior force to do anything that might look like generosity. Yet have I heard an appeal made to a brother soldier, who has taken the same line as myself, begging him to forbear from making these exposures; but to represent the evils respectfully to the authorities, and they would be sure to be corrected!! Constant repetition of acknowledged evils by the military press, and one or two fortuitous accidents, have at length drawn the attention of people to the lamentable condition in which the defenders of the U. S. MAG., No. 225, Aug., 1847. 2 I country were placed, and the consequence has been immediate improvement and amelioration. If the finances of the country will not admit of increased daily pay of the soldier, he has at least the means within his power of augmenting it, by steady good behaviour. His pension is increased, and is attended with all the advantages earned by previous good conduct; the road of promotion is made a little wider; and the crowning benefit has been conferred of limiting his service, by fixing a time when he may quit the service if he dislikes it: while all the promised rewards attend the renewal of his engagements. Even his domestic comforts have excited some degree of interest; he is actually promised a place where he can wash his face and if we have no more millions to send over to Ireland next year, he may possibly look forward to a morning room. Some hopes are even entertained that decency may be allowed in a barrack-room, or some provision made to insure it. To these are to be added education and libraries, to expand the mind and make the soldier an intelligent being. He has already, I believe, taken the horn-book in hand, and will soon grapple with Lindley Murray. As grammatical studies for children of such large growth are rather difficult, and as in the science of mnemonics symbols have been often used to impress lessons on the memory, I shall give a few of these, familiar to the soldier. In the first place, he himself was, not long since, an "article" not much prized: he is now a "noun-substantive." The officers may be designated "adjectives," expressing the quality of the corps, as a well-officered regiment or the reverse, and in this point of view there is a great deal of "comparison of adjectives." "Pronouns" the soldier will find in his mess; as "I bought the onions, he fetched the meat, they made the broth." The Adjutant and SerjeantMajor are "adverbs," being some of them good, others better, and a few best. A "preposition" is placed before a substantive, which it governs and connects with a sentence. The pioneers are prepositions placed before the noun-substantive soldiers, for whom they clear the way, and connect them with the band-a "giver out of musical sentences." The Serjeants and Corporals are "conjunctions ;" and the drums and fifes may do duty for "interjections." The Commanding Officer is the "verb" that governs all, and is mostly to be met with in the "potential" and "imperative" moods. In days gone by, it was a subject of care and anxiety in Commanding Officers how they could fill up the day or give employment to their men. There were the usual parades, drills, field-days, and guardmountings. Still there was a great deal of spare time; and this was filled up with brushing, polishing, hair-dressing, &c. A regiment that was in the highest state of artificial polish possible was reviewed by the late General Fox, who told them that they were all pipe-clay, heel-ball, and dirt. Times are changed: in place of rubbing at a pouch until it shone like a mirror, the man will be busy with his nouns; and in lieu of soaping his hair until it stood like buckram, the conjugation of verbs will fill up his leisure. It may be hoped that as his education advances it will be directed to objects connected with his profession; that not only he will be able to know by name all the tools connected with his trade, but be instructed in their practical application. I have seen lately that the Invalids destined for New Zealand have been sent down to Chatham, to learn the best mode of attacking the pahs, or stockades, of the natives; it may be presumed that, in future, all soldiers will be thus made acquainted with the artificial means of resistance that they will have to overcome wherever they are sent to meet their enemies. That they should be made familiar with all kinds of entrenching tools and their particular uses, be able to put a pontoon bridge together, or assist in building and framing a timber one; know how to apply fascines or fagots to enable artillery to pass through marshes, and all the hundred expedients to which troops are forced to have recourse on active service, including the building of huts, which the French call baraques. There is another species of instruction, of a more homely nature but no less necessary, which I have often pressed on notice the art of cookery. It is the more needful that this should be taught in the Army as the peasant, labourer, or artisan who enters our ranks is entirely ignorant of the matter. although it is often essential to his health and existence. The French look on this affair in a very different light from us; they raise cookery to the rank of a science, while the mass of the people here look on it as something below notice. Every Frenchman can make his soupe, and they set to work the moment the troops halt; sometimes even during an action, when they begin a battle early in the morning, halt and cook their soupe, and conclude the fight in the evening. With us most of this is left to the professed cooks of the company, and were they all killed off the rest would be in rather a helpless state. Englishmen are not by nature or habits "cooking animals;" they leave all to the women, whose knowledge in that matter is very limited. Whether M. Soyer may in time rouse the soup faculty is uncertain, at present there are no symptoms. I may state for example that during the recent high price of bread, several of the clergy and gentry in the country suggested to their labourers the advantage there was in making a good mess of broth. They showed that buying a sheep's head or a piece of coarse meat, boiling it with a good quantity of rice and a few vegetables, they would have a meal sufficient for their whole families, that would not cost above one-half the required quantity of bread; but whether from the want of knowledge how the thing was to be done, or adherence to habits, rather than have a stomach full of wholesome and nutritious food, they preferred staying that gnawing monitor with half allowance of the best wheaten bread and a fragment of cheese. The power of making a little go a great way, by the help of art, is of the greatest value to the soldier in such a country as Spain for instance, where the feeding of his troops is perhaps the greatest cause of anxiety the General has. This knowledge of cookery was more than once impressed on the minds of the soldiers by the Duke of Wellington, and they were called on to compare how much better the French soldiers were provided in that respect than themselves. While the soldiers are raised in their social position and are marching forward in the road of improvement and instruction, are the officers to stand fast? is the question that every one puts, but to which no answer has hitherto been given. Again, is the British Army to continue to be distinguished from all others by the professional ignorance of its officers? is another query; and we wait for a reply. It would be a libel to say that there are not in the British Army officers who in point of professional knowledge are equal to those in any other Service, but they owe this entirely to their own exertions: there are no means |