have left no doubt on this question, as they prove that the French government has fulfilled, with the most scrupulous and honourable punctuality, all the clauses of the treaties and conventions of the 20th of November, and propose with respect to those clauses the fulfilment of which was reserved for more remote periods, arrangements which are satisfactory to all the contracting parties.

Such being the results of the examination of these grave questions, their imperial and royal majesties congratulated themselves, that they have only to listen to those sentiments and those personal wishes which in duced them to put an end to a measure which disastrous circumstances, and the necessity of providing for their own security and that of Europe, could alone have dictated to them.

From that moment the august sovereigns resolved to cause the military occupation of the French territory to be discontinued; and the convention of the 9th of October sanctioned this resolution. They regard this solemn act as the final completion of the general peace.

Considering now as the first of their duties, that of preserving to their people the benefits which that peace assures to them, and to maintain in their integrity the transactions which have established and consolidated it, their imperial and royal majesties flatter themselves that his most christian majesty, animated by the same sentiments, will receive with the interest which he attaches to every thing tending to

the welfare of mankind and to the glory and prosperity of his country, the proposition which their imperial and royal majesties address to him, to unite henceforth his councils and his efforts to those which they will not cease to devote to so salutary a work.

The undersigned, charged to request the duke of Richelieu to convey the wish of their august sovereigns to the knowledge of the king his master, at the same time invite his excellency to take part in their present and future deliberations, consecrated to the maintenance of the peace, the treaties on which it is founded, the rights and mutual relations established or confirmed by these treaties and recognised by all the European powers.

In transmitting to the duke of Richelieu this solemn proof of the confidence which their august sovereigns have placed in the wisdom of the king of France and in the loyalty of the French nation, the undersigned are ordered to add the expression of the unalterable attachment which their imperial and royal majesties profess towards the person of his most christian majesty and his family, and of the sincere interest which they never cease to take in the tranquillity and happiness of his kingdom.

They have the honour, at the same time, to offer to the duke of Richelieu the assurance of their very particular consideration.

Aix-la-Chapelle, Nov. 4, 1818. (Signed)

METTERNICH. CASTLEREAGH.

WELL

WELLINGTON. HARDENBERG. BERNSTORFF. NESSELRODE. CAPO D'ISTRIA.

No. VI.-Copy of the Note of M. the Duke of Richelieu, in answer to that of the Plenipotentiaries of the courts of Aus

tria, of Great Britain, of Prussia, and of Russia. Aix-laChapelle, Nov. 12, 1818.

The undersigned minister and secretary of state to his most christian majesty, has received the communication which their excellencies the ministers of the cabinets of Austria, of Great Britain, of Prussia and of Russia, did him the honour of ad, dressing to him on the 4th of this month, by order of their august sovereigns. He hastened to make it known to the king his master. His majesty has received with real satisfaction, this new proof of the confidence and friendship of the sovereigns who have taken part in the deliberations at Aix-la-Chapelle. The justice which they render to his constant cares for the happiness of France, and above all to the loyalty of his people, has deeply touched his heart. Looking back to the past, and observing that at no other period, any other nation has been able to fulfil with a most scrupulous fidelity engagements such as France had contracted, the king has felt that it was indebted for this new kind of glory to the influence of the institutions which govern it; and he sees with joy, that the consolidation of these institutions is considered by his august allies to

be no less advantageous to the repose of Europe, than essential to the prosperity of France. Considering that the first of his duties is, to endeavour to perpetuate and augment, by all the means in his power, the benefits which the complete re-establishment of general peace promises to all nations; persuaded that the the surest pledge of its duration; intimate union of governments is and that France, which could not remain a stranger to a system, the whole force of which must spring from a perfect unanimity of principle and action, will join the association with her characteristic frankness; and that her concurrence must add strength to the well-founded hope of the happy results which such an alliahce must produce for the benefit of mankind, his most christian majesty most readily accepts the proposal made to him of uniting his councils and his efforts with those of their majesties, for the purpose of accomplishing the salutary work which they have in view. He has, therefore, authorized the undersigned to take part in all the deliberations of their ministers and plenipotentiaries for the object of consolidating the peace, of securing the maintenance of the treaties on which it rests, and of guaranteeing the mutual rights and relations established by these same treaties and recognized by all the states of Europe.

The undersigned, while he begs their excellencies to have the goodness to transmit to their august sovereigns the expression of the intentions and sentiments of the king his master, has the

honour

At the period of completing the pacification of Europe by the resolution of withdrawing the foreign troops from the French territory, and when there is an end of those measures of precaution which unfortunate circumstances had rendered necessary, the ministers and plenipotentiaries of their majesties the emperor of Austria, the king of France, the king of Great Britain, the king of Prussia and the emperor of all the Russias, have received orders from their sovereigns to make known to all the courts of Europe the results of their meeting at Aix-la-Chapelle, and with that view to publish the following declaration:

The convention of the 9th of October, which definitely regulated the execution of the engagements agreed to in the treaty of peace of November 20, 1815, is considered by the sovereigns who concurred therein as the accomplishment of the work of peace, and as the completion of the political system destined to ensure its solidity.

The intimate union established among the monarchs who are joint parties to this system by their own principles, no less than by the interests of their people, offers to Europe the most sacred pledge of its future tranquillity.

The object of this union is as

simple as it is great and salutary. It does not tend to any new political combination-to any change in the relations sanctioned by existing treaties. Calm and consistent in its proceedings, it has no other object than the maintenance of peace, and the guarantee of those transactions on which the peace was founded and consolidated.

The sovereigns, in forming this august union, have regarded as its fundamental basis, their invariable resolution never to depart, either among themselves or in their relations with other states, from the strictest observation of the principles of the right of nations; principles which, in their application to a state of permanent peace, can alone effectually guarantee the independence of each government and the stability of the general association.

Faithful to these principles, the sovereigns will maintain them equally in those meetings at which they may be personally present, or in those which shall take place among their ministers; whether they be for the purpose of discussing in common their own interests, or whether they shall relate to questions in which other governments shall formally claim their interference. The same spirit which will direct their councils and reign in their diplomatic communications, will preside also at these meetings; and the repose of the world will be constantly their motive and their end.

It is with these sentiments that the sovereigns have consummated the work to which they were called. They will not cease to ་

labour

labour for its confirmation and perfection. They solemnly acknowledge, that their duties towards God and the people whom they govern, make it peremptory on them to give to the world, as far as is in their power, an example of justice, of concord and of moderation; happy in the power of consecrating, from henceforth, all their efforts to protect the arts of peace, to increase the internal prosperity of their states, and to awaken those sentiments of religion and morality, whose influence has been but too much enfeebled by the misfortune of the times. (Signed)

METTERNICH, RICHELIEU. CASTLEREAGH, WELLINGTON.

HARDENBERG.

BERNSTORFF. NESSEL RODE. CAPO D'ISTRIA.

Ordinance of the Senate of Lubeck, dated December 2, 1818.

To prevent the citizens of Lu beck who contribute towards the support of the state, from being injured, the senate has decreedThat all strangers and Jews are prohibited from carrying on trade within the jurisdiction of the city.

For the first offence they are to pay a heavy penalty, and the loss of their gods For the second offence they are not to be permitted to dwell in the city, and themselves and families are to be sent to Moisling, or else where.

Every citizen and inhabitant is hereby required to refuse their

assistance to strangers and jews in carrying on an unlawful trade; and all offenders in this respect shall be subject to a heavy penalty, or imprisonment; and for a second offence, a still heavier punishment shall be inflicted: and if the offender is a citizen, he shall lose his citizenship.

It shall be lawful for the guild of Grocers, after information has been given to the magistrates, and with one of their officers, to enter the houses where such unlawful traffic is carried on, or suspected to be carried on; and if such traffic should be found to exist, the above regulations are to be carried into effect.

All superintending officers of trade and navigation are to be particularly vigilant in discovering such unlawful traffic, and are referred to the decrees of 1768 and 1778, and other ordinances.

This decree is to be printed, and made public in all the inns and beer-houses; and to be made known to all Jews resident at present in this city; and the proper officers are required to act according to the spirit of this publication.

Given in the senate, on the 2d day of December, 1818.

Ordinance of the King of Spain

addressed to the Prime Minister and General Secretary of State.

Most Excellent Sir;-The King our sovereign, to whom I gave in due time an account of what I was directed to do by the royal order of the 23rd of November last, respecting the urgent neces sity of finding some means for preventing those evils which had

accrued

accrued in the dominions of his majesty beyond sea, in which turbulent individuals of foreign nations have arrived, for the purpose of taking part in the insurrection, to which they have contributed both by their personal services and their intrigues, and have supplied the insurgents with arms, ammunition, ships, and other aids of war, and without which war could not exist in many of those provinces; his majesty thought proper to command, that the supreme council of war should deliberate on what should be offered, or should appear connected with those facts which that department had already in its possession, relative to this subject. In consequence, the council made a report on the 22d of December last, demonstrating the imperious necessity which existed for punishing with all the rigour of the laws such foreigners as might be taken with arms in their hands, in the American dominions, under the banners of the insurgents, and such as should be found supplying them with arms, ammunition, or ships, adding thereby fuel to the devouring fire of the insurrection, which unfortunately still exists in some points of those valuable possessions, and proposing by such iniquitous and detestable means to build their own fortune on the ruin and total destruction of these incautious subjects of his majesty. At the same time it was agreed that justice, policy and equity, cried out with one voice for the adoption of this system, notwithstanding the well known feelings of mercy which reign in the heart of the king, in order

that the benign clemency and pardons which his majesty, by virtue of his sovereign power, and in mitigation of the severity of the laws, has thought proper to grant in favour of those miserable subjects who were to be treated as deluded persons, who, by the influence of perfidious suggestions, had deviated from the paths of honour and virtue, and not as persons guilty of the unutterable crime of treason, might not be extended to those intruding foreigners, respecting whom, in addition to the non-existence, in their case, of those circumstances which dispose the mind of his majesty to exercise clemency towards his own subjects, it is well known that similar acts of clemency, though voluntary on the part of his majesty, merely had the effect of inviting to partake of it such persons as were expressly included in them, while they attributed the obligation to motives which did not, and could not, exist in the mind of his majesty at the time of his granting such pardons; and that, consequently, the royal ordinance communicated to the vice-roys and captains-general of America, on the 30th of April in the preceding year, ought to be modified so as to accord with this distinction and view of the subject; informing the said functionaries, that on all foreigners who should be taken in the insurrectionary provinces with arms in their hands and under the banners of the insurgents, the same punishment should be inflicted as on the natural subjects of the country of whom they had become the associates and coadjutors: and, lastly,