things exterminated. The requisition for its exercise in the moral world is still greater, as without it no evil could be exterminated, no good could be effected. Its improvement, therefore, becomes as important as this function is indispensable.

In effecting such cultivation, bear in mind that great principle of interrelation existing between the body and the base of the brain. To fever the body irritates this organ, and to invigorate the former imparts tone and power to the latter; so that to improve the health is the natural and most effectual method of imparting tone and power to this faculty. This means also promotes its normal and virtuous exercise, while to inflame both the body and this organ by heating meats and drinks, or by tantalizing others, killing animals, or causing pain, occasions its abnormal, and of course depraved, action. Its legitimate office being to destroy nuisances and break through difficulties, it can be developed by cultivating force and executiveness, by exterminating obstacles, and throwing yourself into those situations where you are obliged to cope with difficulties. Take the rough-and-tumble of life with a zest, and put your plans straight through all that opposes them. Exercise it under Conscientiousness in moral indignation against the wrong, and in urging forward the right. Stand by the innocent. Brace yourself against the guilty. Exercise this element in these and similar ways, and its tone and vigor will improve; but never allow yourself to indulge a weakly, inefficient spirit.

To develop this faculty in children, put them upon their own resources, encourage them to help themselves; and instead of doing for them those thousand little services which mothers so generally perform, let them do for themselves or go without. Push your inefficient son out into the stream of life to buffet for himself its winds of difficulty and waves of opposition, and while you stand by to encourage him to keep his head above water, and to raise him in case he should sink, let him do all his own

swimming. Make him hoe his own rows and fight his own battles. In short, place the natural stimulants of this faculty before it, and you can soon inspire him with all needed force and energy.

But this faculty is generally too large, relatively, and also abnormal in function, and therefore requires a hundred-fold more regulation and restraint than cultivation. Most mankind are too harsh, vituperative, bitter, sarcastic, and even cruel, revengeful, and malicious, and too many are warlike and murderous-all perversions of this faculty. Most of that animosity, rage, hatred, cursing, swearing, and the like, so prevalent among men, are begotten by this faculty. How can they be checked in ourselves and others?

First, by the principle of DIVERSION. When you find your wrath rising unduly in conversation or business, turn on your heel and banish the provocation, however great, by doing or thinking of something else-something which shall effectually withdraw your mind from the aggravation and consequent anger. This dwelling on them, while it seldom obviates any evil, only still further sours the temper and re-enlarges Destructiveness. Reflect, in addition, that the error may possibly be yours-that your enemy thinks himself wronged as much as you do, and justifies his course as much as you do yours; that to err is human; and that the cause of the dispute may possibly be on both sides; that even if he alone is in fault, yet that, as you hope to be forgiven, so you must be willing to forgive; and that very likely the fault of which you perhaps justly com plain may have been caused by an irritated state of his stomach and nervous system, and the consequent preternatural and abnormal action of his Destructiveness, or of yours, or perhaps that of both-that he and you may be more sick than intentionally depraved; that, even supposing the worst, to turn the other cheek is Christian, and to overcome evil with good is divine. This diversion, in connection with these and kindred reflections, will soon curb your temper, and restore a serene and happy frame of mind.

Especially, never SWEAR. What are oaths and curses but expressions of wrath and vengeance? The moral sentiments never swear. Nothing but animal propensity in its worst form, and ungoverned by the higher faculties, ever feel or utter imprecations. Reference is not now had to the sinfulness of oaths as blaspheming the name of God, but to that gross animality of which cursing is the natural language. Angels never swear, only devils, or mankind when and as far as they are animal and devilish. And the more effectually one can swear, the more of an animal he is. Oaths and blasphemies are the emanations and barometers of Combativeness and Destructiveness, ungoverned by moral sentiment and intellect, and therefore the reverse of goodness. The better any man, the less he swears; and vice versa. And those who pride themselves in their swearing capabilities, are but vaunting and glorying in their own shame and depravity.

As

Above all things, do not curse inanimate things or dumb brutes. though sticks and stones were to blame! What fault there is, is yours. What is more unreasonable or wicked than cursing senseless things?

Still more ridiculous and wicked for children to swear, except when they do it from imitation. To see boys try to utter oaths, and bandy each

other with curses and imprecations, is shocking in itself, and shows in what society they have mingled. Yet the way to stop children from swearing is to subdue that Combativeness and Destructiveness which be gets this ridiculous, depraved habit.

TO RESTRAIN the Destructiveness of children is probably the most difficult, as it certainly is the most important duty connected with their education. Even very young children, in whom this organ is large, as it generally is, instinctively break, burn, and destroy playthings, and whatever they can lay hold of, and older ones are rough, harsh, and boisterous at play, and too often evince much severity of temper with vindictiveness and violence of anger, perhaps throw themselves on the floor, and bawl lustily, or even stamp, kick, bite, strike, and foam with rage. A boy only four years old, brought up in a tavern,* and continually teased, becoming enraged at his brother, caught up a fork and plunged it into his neck. Many parents are pained by similar ebullitions in their children, and would give the world to be able to reduce their temper, yet all their efforts only make matters worse. How can such parents manage such

children?

One of the first and most effectual steps consists in employing that principle of DIVERSION already prescribed for adults. When your child becomes angry, talking to him, be it ever so kindly, only still further enkindles his fierce wrath; and punishment, even though it ultimately subdues, only still further re-excites, and thereby re-increases that Destruc tiveness which you wish to restrain. To say nothing till the fit subsides of its own accord also allows that exercise of this organ which enlarges it. But if some member of the family should set on foot some music, or noise, or blow a horn, or beat a tin pan, or do any thing else calculated to divert attention, away he goes, forgetting alike his grievance and its cause, and this allows the inflamed organ to become quiescent sooner than any other method could do. To excite his Mirthfulness by playing with him will subserve the same important end. When the fit is over, talk to him, but of this hereafter.

NOT TO EXCITE Destructiveness should, however, be your great concern. Avoid provoking those whose Destructiveness you would reduce. Every provocation only re-inflames this organ, and the more quiet you can keep it the less strength it will acquire. The principle on which this allimportant inference is based has already been fully proved, and we beg parents to heed it, and put it rigidly in practice.

"But," it is inquired, "shall we be so fearful of displeasing them as to indulge them in all their desires, and thus virtually surrender the reins of government to their caprices?" Just how far it is best to indulge them, it may be difficult to say, or, rather, must be determined by the particular circumstances at the time, yet this general principle may be taken as a fundamental guide—to indulge them in all those little matters not positively wrong or injurious in themselves; because, by so doing, you awaken or augment that love already shown to be the great means of securing obedience. Yet we cannot profitably discuss the best mode of governing them, or, indeed, of curbing our own Destructiveness, till

* A liquor selling bar-room is the last place on earth for bringing up children, because there they see and hear all that is bad, and little good, learn to swear, blackguard, and fight, and form associations of a most ruinous character.

we have studied those other and higher faculties which constitute the principal means of holding abnormal propensity in check. Meanwhile, we wish effectually to re-impress two cardinal points upon the minds of parents-the first, that the more this faculty is excited and exercised the more it becomes enlarged and re-invigorated, and therefore that children should be provoked as little as possible, and hence should be treated with mildness, leniency, and affection; and, secondly, that much of their ugli ness is caused by the irritated state of their bodies, and of course propensities, so that the great means of subduing their temper, and exchanging their badness for goodness is by diet, regimen, and keeping their bodies in a normal and vigorous state by fulfilling the laws and conditions of HEALTH. To one other point in this connection special attention is invited. Pa rents, especially mothers, often induce a feverish state of their own nervous systems, by confining themselves within doors day after day, and month after month, without exercise, except what is too partial to be of much service, without fresh air, and in heated rooms; eating unwholesome food, pouring down strong decoctions of tea and coffee, etc., till a chronic irritability of their nerves and brain, and perhaps a slow fever, supervene, which of course render them fretful. Ignorant of the fact that this irritability is induced by the disorder of their own nervous systems, they blame others, while they alone are blamable. They vent these sick and sour feelings on their children, and find fault with every little thing. Being so very nervous, noise is especially painful to them, and they therefore pour out a continual dribbling of blame and anger upon their chil. dren because they are noisy, and for a thousand other things which the very nature of children compels them to do. Children feel that they are blamed without cause. This wounds and lowers their moral feelings. Combativeness in parents naturally excites the Combativeness of their children, and the consequence is, a permanent excitement and an undue development of these organs; and all because parents violate the laws of health. Do, parents, look at this subject in its proper light, and keep yourselves well. This will induce good feeling in you, which will continually excite, and thereby develop, the moral, better feelings of your children, and cause them to grow up under the rein of the moral senti. ments.-SELF-Culture.

PHONOGRAPHY AND MR. DYER.

As we have repeatedly recommended both in strong terms, we gladly transfer the following merited testimony of their merits from the Tribune:

PHONOGRAPHY.-We have adverted, on several occasions, to the great superiority of Phonography as a system of short-hand writing, and to Mr. Dyer's great skill in the use of it. We wish to say something handsome both of Phonography and Mr. Dyer, but we are at a loss to speak of them as they deserve. All there is to say is this, viz.: that we are thoroughly convinced, after having had the most ample opportunities to judge, that Phonography is the briefest, most legible, and easiest acquired of any system of writing that has ever come under our notice, and that Mr. Oliver Dyer is the prince of Phonographers. Mr. Dyer has taught phonography, lectured upon phonography, made verbatim reports in phonography, and all these with the greatest success. His great tact as a teacher is a “fixed fact," and as to his abilities as a reporter let Dr. Nichol's lecture on the discovery of the planet Neptune, which is in another part of the Tribune (we mean the lecture, not the planet), speak.

ARTICLE XII.

REGULATION OF ANIMAL HEAT BY FIRE AND CLOTHING.

PERSPIRATION, besides unloading the system of disease, also serves to REGULATE the temperature of the body. The necessity of uniformity of temperature neither too high nor too low-has already been explained, as has also the means by which it is generated. But it at times SUPERABOUNDS. When the system is full of carbon, if we exercise vigorously, so as to breathe freely and thereby introduce great quantities of oxygen into the system, we of course manufacture an undue supply, especially in warm weather, when heat does not pass off readily. Now this extra heat must be evacuated, else it will melt the fat in the system, and relax and prostrate. This important evacuation of the surplus warmth is effected by perspiration as follows. All bodies absorb heat when passing from a dense medium to one that is more rare. Thus water, in passing into steam, takes up a great amount of heat, which it again gives off in returning back to water, on the well-known chemical principle that all bodies give off heat when passing from a rarer medium to a denser. Here, again, water becomes a porter. An excess of heat aids the conversion of water into steam, which then takes up this surplus heat, carries it out of the system, and gives it off again while condensing back to water -a self-acting and most efficacious arrangement for effecting an indispensable end.

This explains why it is that men can remain in ovens heated hot enough to cook meat, and long enough to bake it, without destroying life. They SWEAT OUT the surplus heat, or else their own flesh would also bake.

But sometimes the system does not generate sufficient heat. This scarcity must be made up by some means or we must die. This brings up for consideration the deficiency of animal heat.

The following letter to the author shows some of the consequences of a sparse supply of heat:

66

John Clark, a native of Connecticut, born more than a century ago, was peculiarly affected by cold weather. In the cool mornings of nearly every month in the year, his hands would become benumbed and almost entirely useless, his tongue stiffened so that he could scarcely articulate, the muscles of his face contracted and stiffened, and one or both eyes closed in a very peculiar This infirmity was hereditary."-Phrenological Journal, 1846, p.

manner. 131.

This was undoubtedly owing to defective lungs, and a consequent want of oxygen in the system. Or there might have been some defect in his digestion, by which a due supply of carbon was not extracted from his food. Many others are also troubled with being habitually cold, even in. summer. This is the case with the author, though he is becoming less80 yearly. Consumptive parents, and all predisposed to this disease, also feel cold or chilly, and have cold hands and feet, and perhaps what is. called goose-flesh on the skin. How can this be remedied?

First, and primarily, by ascertaining and removing its cause, which will