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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY,

ASTAR, NOX AND
TILO N FOUND TIONS.

Considerable pains have also been taken to level and smooth the rugged rocky surface, so that there is now a good carriage road through most parts of the city, though it occasionally is carried up rather steep ascents. The city is divided into what are called the upper and lower coves by a projecting rock, the latter of which is the more backward in improvement; government however, by building a new range of barracks on the point, have materially contributed to better its appearance. The principal of the wharfs and warehouses are situated in the upper part of the city, where consequently the traffic is most considerable.

"The city of St. John contains two churches, on the eastern side of the river, one of which is neatly finished and has an elegant organ; a handsome kirk, belonging to the members of the church of Scotland; a catholic chapel, two methodist chapels, and a neat baptist meeting-house. The other public buildings are a poor-house, a gaol, a marine hospital, two handsome ranges of barracks at the lower cove, with government store-houses, &c.

"A square near York Point, reserved for a market, has an old building in the centre, the upper part of which has served for many years as a court-house, and the under part as a flesh-market; a fish and vegetable market having been lately built contiguous to it, at the edge of high-water mark, and a handsome flesh-market in the lower cove, which are well supplied. King's-square is situated on the height of land in King-street, and is reserved for public use. It is a very pleasant situation, commanding a fine view of the city and harbour. It is in contemplation to erect a court-house on the east side of this square, on a liberal scale. Queen's-square is situated in Duke's Ward, and is also reserved for public purposes.

"The public seminaries in St. John's are a grammar school, the Central Madras School, and a number of Sunday schools. There are two public libraries in the city, a vaccine establishment, three printingoffices, with the following religious, humane, and useful societies:— a branch of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge; the New Brunswick Auxiliary Bible Society; St. John Sunday School Union Society; St. John Religious Tract Society; St. George's, St. Patrick's, St. Andrew's Societies, instituted for the purpose of aiding their re

spective countrymen in distress; New Brunswick Society for the Purpose of Improving the Breed of Horses, and other Cattle; Female Benevolent Society for the Relief of Indigent Females, and a branch of the Wesleyan Missionary Society.

"A provincial Bank is established here, with a capital of £30,000, increased by an act of the legislature of 1825 to £50,000. A Marine Insurance Company and a Water Company have lately been incorporated; the latter is not yet in active operation. There is a Chamber of Commerce for the regulation of the trade of the city, and a Savings' Bank for depositing the small savings of the labouring classes. Carleton, on the opposite side of the river, is comprehended in the limits of the city. It is situated on the point fronting Navy Island, and comprises the ruins of old Fort Frederick. It contains a neat church, a meetinghouse, with several fine buildings.

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"St. John being an incorporated city is governed by a mayor, recorder, six aldermen, with an equal number of assistants, under the style of The Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of St. John.' The other officers are a sheriff and coroner (who likewise act for the county), a common clerk, a chamberlain, a high constable, six inferior ones, and two marshals. The mayor, recorder, common clerk, sheriff, and coroner are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices during his pleasure, from year to year. The aldermen, assistants, and inferior officers are chosen annually by the freemen of the city; the chamberlain is appointed by the mayor, recorder, aldermen, and assistants in common council. The mayor appoints the high constable, marshal, criers, porters, bellringers, &c.

"The mayor or recorder, with three aldermen and three assistants, constitute a common council, with power to make laws, ordinances, &c., which are to remain in force for one year only, unless confirmed by the governor in council. They also constitute a court of record, or inferior court of common pleas, for the city and county of St. John. The mayor by virtue of his office possesses extensive powers, such as making free citizens, regulating the markets, &c.; and the aldermen are justices of the peace for the county as well as for the city of St. John. The corporation have at their disposal an annual revenue of about £2000 for the

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