December, 1827, not including the County of Cape Breton.

520

1020

128

157

13,440

77

29,135

501

79

115

49,181

362

37,531 18,520

4,105 23,601 2,101 399 5,298 28,212 199,041 10,852 1,081 18,644 64,073 292,235 16,756 1,440 10,177 38,198 98,561 302,659 11,750 1,609 11,701 45,328 227,948 19,977 2,486 9,475 65,100 538,903 25,386 1,789 12,580 18,574 8,232 5,410 26,309 385,478 21,549 1,351 13,872 27,042 6,804 445 9,062 308,250 12,293 319 10,039 20,752 5,986 77 5,630 1,362 3,476 52,817 3,517 163 2,436 2,737 1,941 13,476 3,117 33,146 334,163 10,577 202 8,978 11,238 5,331 29,308 14,152 34,076 269,897 13,790 1,264 8,266 11,576 5,533 39,465 21,919 33,173 363,228 15,794 848 15,706 24,349 7,705

| 292,009|152,861|449,626 (3,298,220|168,212 (12,951|110,818 |173,731 71,482

RUPERT D. GEORGE.

tion of the population. The Germans were settled at Halifax, Lunenburg, and at Clement's, in the county of Annapolis; their descendants are numerous, but do not preserve any distinct character, as they have always mixed with the general mass of the inhabitants. The early New England settlers occupied the lands of the expelled Acadians about Annapolis and the shores of the Alpinas Basin, and the American loyalists were located all over the province; they very generally engaged in the lumber trade and the fisheries, and were a most active and industrious class of people. The descendants of those different people now form a population so mixed up together, that all distinctive characteristics are lost. Not so the Acadians; they settle together as much as possible, preserve their religion, language, and customs, and never intermarry with their protestant neighbours. As a people, they are moral, simple in their habits,

cheerful in their disposition, and although neither so intelligent perhaps or enterprising as the other inhabitants, are contented and happy; they are principally settled in the township of Clare, county of Annapolis, and Minudie, county of Cumberland. There are a few free blacks, who are principally employed as domestic and agricultural servants, but there are no slaves. There are a few Indians still in the province: in 1772 their number did not exceed 865 souls, and they have been since then on the decrease. Isolated from their red brethren of the continent, and living very much among the white inhabitants, they preserve but few of their Indian characteristics; they are an indolent race, addicted to drunkenness, and are seldom found steadily to adhere to industrious habits or pursuits. In a few years not a trace of this once numerous people, the original proprietors of the soil, will be found in this province; on the whole, the predominant character of the people is Anglo-American. They are generally tall; the men stout, muscular, active, hardy, enterprising, and ingenious; the women, well made, and possessing much feminine softness of manner. As the people live chiefly on their own

farms, and rely on their own exertions for support, they have much manliness of character, and a singular aptness in acquiring a tolerable degree of skill in the more useful and common mechanical arts. A Nova Scotia farmer will not only cultivate his own farm, but build his own house, make his implements of husbandry, and even shoe his own horses. He is in a great many instances a sailor, and can build and navigate the vessel that conveys the produce of his own farm to market. The people are hospitable and civil in their manners. It may be remarked, that innkeeping alone will not afford a subsistence in any part of the country out of Halifax.

There are several religious denominations in this province, all of whom enjoy the most complete toleration, and are subject to no disabilities whatever on account of religion. The number of each denomination was found, at the census of 1827, to be church of England, 28,659; of Scotland, 37,225; of Rome, 20,401; baptists, 19,790; methodists, and other protestant sects, 17,771. The church of England in this country is supported by the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign

Parts and by the British government. The clergy of this church consists of a bishop, styled Bishop of Nova Scotia, whose jurisdiction extends over New Brunswick and the Bermudas,-and about thirty missionary clergymen, each of whom receives a salary of 2007., one half from the crown, and one half from the society, which, with the proceeds of small glebes, parochial fees, &c. affords a tolerably comfortable maintenance. The churches have been built by subscription, aided also by funds from the crown and the society. Nova Scotia was erected into a bishopric in 1787. The bishop possesses no lay jurisdiction of any kind; his authority is confined to the superintendence of the church of England clergy within his diocese. The presbyterians have an independent provincial church government of their own, upon the model of the church of Scotland. The synod generally meets at Pictou, and contains about thirty members, who are dispersed over this province, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, and are supported by their respective congregations. The Roman catholics are under the control of a bishop, who resides at Antigonish; there are about twelve subordinate clergy, who are altogether supported by their respective congregations. The baptist clergy have an annual meeting, called an Association, wherein they arrange the general concerns of their church; but each baptist congregation is considered by them a distinct independent church, and as such chooses and supports its own clergyman. The number of the clergy of this denomination is scarcely sufficient to supply all the congregations. The methodists compose about one-half of the remaining sects; they have about twenty missionaries connected with this province and Prince Edward Island. This church is in all respects governed in the same manner as the methodist church in England, with which it is closely connected. Its ministers are supported by the people of their persuasion, assisted by the English Methodist Missionary Society. The other denominations, who are principally Lutherans, and what in England are known as Independents, are tolerably well supplied with ministers, each congregation supporting its own. Such is the good feeling that prevails, that it is not uncommon in this country to find the minister of one denomination officiating occasionally for and in the churches of another. The chapels belonging to all the different sects are numerous, and in many instances both com

VOL. II.

K

modious and handsome, bearing ample testimony in favour of the religious feeling of the country.

The education of the people is provided for as well as in any of the British-American colonies. There is an university, called King's College, at Windsor; Dalhousie College at Halifax; academies at Pictou, Annapolis, and Kentville; grammar-schools at Halifax, Windsor, Pictou, and Kentville. The Society for Propagating the Gospel supports between forty and fifty schoolmasters; and schools have been established in all the townships, aided by a very liberal pecuniary grant from the provincial legislature. The university of King's College was established by royal charter in 1802; it is enabled to confer the usual degrees. The Archbishop of Canterbury is patron; and the board of governors is composed of the lieutenant-governor of the province, the bishop, chief-justice, speaker of the House of Assembly, the attorney and the solicitor-general, and the president or principal of the university, all for the time being. There are four professors: one of Hebrew and divinity, one of moral science and metaphysics, one of mathematics, astronomy, and natural philosophy, and one of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. The students are eligible for matriculation at the age of fourteen, and the course occupies from four to seven years. There are twelve divinity scholarships, endowed by the Society for Propagating the Gospel, each enjoying 30l. per annum for seven years. There are also some scholarships on the foundation of less emolument. The college possesses a large well-selected library, and a valuable philosophical apparatus. Subordinate to the college, and under its control, is the collegiate school; the system of education is preparatory to that of the college, for which it is intended. There are twelve divinity scholarships, supported also by the society, who allow each 307. per annum, and they may be held for seven years.

Dalhousie College (at Halifax) was incorporated in 1820; the system of education was framed upon the model of the university of Edinburgh. There are three professorships: one for the Greek and Latin classics, one for mathematics, natural and experimental philosophy, and one for theology and moral philosophy. The academy at Pictou was projected in 1804, and incorporated by charter in 1816; it was erected and supported by subscriptions among the presbyterians, for whose benefit it was prin

cipally projected. The House of Assembly has voted 400l. annually for several years in aid of this institution. The course of education here includes the usual branches of academical instruction, and occupies four years. There are at present three professors. It possesses a small but valuable library, and has the best museum of natural history in Nova Scotia. The academy of Annapolis was established in 1827, partly by voluntary subscription, and partly by provincial aid. There are two distinct but connected schools-one devoted to the higher branches of classical education, the other confined to the elementary and higher branches usually taught in English schools.