TYPOGRAPHICAL MARKS EXEMPLIFIED. laj 2 6/ THOUGH a veriety of opinions exist as to the individual by wyom the art of printing was first discovered; yet all authorities concur in admitting Peter Schoeffer to be the person Caps who invented cast metal types, having learned 3/ the art of of cutting the letters from the Gutttembergs, he is also supposed to have been #the first whoengraved on copper plates. The #H following testimony is preseyed in the family, r /by_Jo. Fred. Faustus_of_Ascheffenburg: / Peter Schoeffer of Gernsheim, perceiving Cap his master Fausts design, and being himself "V desirous dently to improve the art, found "// out (by the good providence of God) the method of cutting (incidendi) the characters let/ in a matrix, that the letters might easily be 5/singly cast instead of bieng cut. He pri-12] /vately cut matrices for the whole alphabet : Faust was so pleased with the contrivance that he promised Peter to give him his only /daughter Christina in marriage, a promise ich he soon after performed 16/whic 13 "no break But there were many difficulties at first with these letters, as there had been before Rom with wooden ones, the metal being too soft Ital to support the force of the im pression: but this defect was soon remedied, by mixing 3 a substance with the metal which sufficiently and when he showed his master the letters cast from THOUGH a variety of opinions exist as to the individual by whom the art of printing was first discovered; yet all authorities concur in admitting PETER SCHOEFFER to be the person who invented cast metal types, having learned the art of cutting the letters from the Guttembergs: he is also supposed to have been the first who engraved on copper-plates. The following testimony is preserved in the family, by Jo. Fred. Faustus of Ascheffenburg: 'PETER SCHOEFFER of Gernsheim, perceiving his master Faust's design, and being himself ardently desirous to improve the art, found out (by the good providence of God) the method of cutting (incidendi) the characters in a matrix, that the letters might easily be singly cast, instead of being cut. He privately cut matrices for the whole alphabet: and when he showed his master the letters cast from these matrices, Faust was so pleased with the contrivance that he promised Peter to give him his only daughter Christina in marriage, a promise which he soon after performed. But there were as many difficulties at first with these letters, as there had been before with wooden ones; the metal being too soft to support the force of the impression: but this defect was soon remedied, by mixing the metal with a substance which sufficiently hardened it.' EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECTIONS. A WRONG letter in a word is noticed by drawing a short perpendicular line through it, and making another short line in the margin, behind which the right letter is placed. (See No. 1.) In this manner whole words are corrected, by drawing a line across the wrong word, and making the right one in the margin, opposite the faulty line. A turned letter is noticed by making a dash under it, and the mark, No. 2, in the margin. If a corrector is not able to distinguish such turned letters as have a resemblance to others, it is much better to mark such letters in the margin. If letters or words are to be altered from one character to another, a parallel line or lines should be made underneath the word or letter, viz. for capitals, three lines; small capitals, two lines; and Italic, one line: and write in the margin opposite the line where the alteration occurs, Caps, Small Caps, or Ital. (See No. 3.) When letters or words are set double, or are required to be taken out, a line is drawn through the superfluous word or letter, and the mark, No. 4, placed opposite in the margin. Where the punctuation requires to be altered, the colon, and period, if marked in the margin, should be encircled. (See No. 5.) Where a space is wanting between two words or letters which are to be separated, a parallel line must be drawn where the separation ought to be, and the sign, No. 6, placed opposite in the margin. No. 7 describes the manner in which the hyphen and ellipsis line are marked. Should a letter have been omitted, a caret is put at the place, and the letter marked as No. 8. Where words or letters that should join are separated, or when a line is too wide spaced, the mark, No. 9, must be placed under the separation, and the junction signified by that in the margin. Where a new paragraph is required, a line in the shape of a crotchet should be made, and the same mark, No. 10, placed in the margin. No. 11 shews the way in which the apostrophe, inverted commas, the star, and other references aud superior letters and figures are marked. Where two words are transposed, the word placed wrong should be encircled, and the mark, No. 12, placed in the margin: but where several words require to be transposed, their right order is siguified by a figure placed over each word, and the mark, No. 12, in the margin. Where words have been struck out that have afterwards been approved of, dots should be marked under such words, and in the margin write Stet. (See No. 13.) Where a space sticks up between two words, a perpendicular stroke is put in the margin. (No. 14.) Where several lines or words are added, they should be written at the bottom of the page, and a line drawn from the place where the insertion begins, to those lines or words. (See No. 15.) But if more is added than can be contained at the foot of the page, write in the margin, Out, see copy, and enclose the omission between brackets, and insert the word Out, in the margin of the copy. Where letters or lines stand crooked, they are noticed by drawing lines before and after them. (See No. 16.) When a smaller or larger letter, of a different fount, is improperly introduced into the page, it is noticed by the mark, No. 17. If a paragraph is improperly made, a line should |