to the beginning of a word, as τεταγὼν for ταγὼν, σμικρὸς for μικρὸς.

Apheresis is the taking away a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word, as ὁρτὴ for ἑορτὴ, ἱρὸς for ἱερὸς.

Syncope is the taking away of a letter or syllable from the middle of a word, as εὑράμην for εὑρησάμην, ἐγένατο for ἐγενήσατο.

Epenthesis is the addition of a letter or syllable to the middle of a word, as ἔλλαβε for ἔλαβε, ὁππότερος for ὁπότερος, ξενος for ξένος.

Apocope is something taken from the end of a word, as δῶ for δῶμα, ποσειδῶ for ποσειδῶνα, βρῖ for βριαροὶ.

Paragoge is when something is added to the last syllable, as ἦσθα for ἧς, τύπτεσκε for ἔτυπτε.

Metaplasmus is the change of the last syllable of a substantive to the same case in another declension, as κλαδὶ for κλάδῳ.

Antithesis, or Antistoichos, is the substitution of one letter for another, as πόρσω for πόῤῥω.

Metathesis is the transposition of the letters in a word, as ἔρξω for ῥέξω, ἔπραθον for ἔπαρθον, καρτερός for κρατερός.

Synalopha is the elision of one or two vowels coming together in different words, as τα μὰ for τὰ ἐμὰ, τοὔνομα for τὸ ὄνομα.

Anadiplosis, or Reduplication, is the repetition of the first or second syllable, as κεκάμωσι for κάμωσι, άταρτηρὸς for άπηρος, ἐτήτυμον for ἔτυμον.

Such compositors and readers as are not Greek scholars, and even those who are, but have not paid attention to accents, will do well to bear in mind what has been said above concerning the proper situations of the spirits and accents; as many of the faults which so frequently offend the scholar's eye, might thereby be avoided.

The following rules may be easily borne in mind: No accent can be placed over any other than one of the three last syllables of a word. No vowel can have a spirit, except at the beginning of a word. The grave accent never occurs but on the last syllable; and this being the case, the asper grave [] and lenis grave ["] can be wanted only for a few monosyllables, and less than half the quantity usually cast would be enough in a fount. Almost all words have an accent, and they very seldom have more than one; and when this happens, it is an acute thrown back upon the last syllable from one of those words called enclitics, which in that case has none, unless it be followed by another enclitic. In no other case than this can a last syllable have an

acute accent, except before a full point, colon, or note of interrogation, when the grave accent on the last syllable is changed to an acute; a circumstance which has often led printers who were ignorant of the reasons for accenting the same word differently in different situations, to think that there was an error in their copy, and thus to make one in their proof. Most errors however proceed from those who do not think at all about the matter,-" qui correctiones non curant, et cantando literas jungunt, quod non potest fieri, nisi mendose."*

* It will be seen, by our schenie of the Greek cases, that we have removed the accents, &c. from the three lower, to the three upper tiers of boxes on the left hand side of the case, in order to bring the capitals more under hand, by placing them in the compartments usually allotted to the above-mentioned sorts---this alteration has been adopted in consequence of the accents getting into disuse in the general run of modern Greek. By a reference to the usual schemes of the Greek lower case and the alphabet, there are no less than seven sorts in the modern Greek, to which no situations have yet been assigned, this deficiency is supplied without much encroachment on the habitations of their neighbours; the alterations are as follow: first, the gamma box is divided, into which his brother g is received; secondly, the hair spaces are removed from above the delta, in order to admit the long tau; thirdly, the sigma is transposed from above the eta, to the box over the epsilon; fourthly, the vacant sigma box being separated, makes room for the crooked rho and also for a second phi; fifthly, the kappa occupies only half the usual space, thereby we provide for an additional character of the like signification; sixthly, the zeta also gives up a portion of his birth, in order that his brother may be near at hand; seventhly, the pí acts the same friendly part as the last-mentioned character, by yielding one half of his habitation to his relative; and though last, yet not the least in importance, is the alteration of the spaces, which are brought together under the hand; it is unnecessary to make any observation upon this essential advantage, having sufficiently expatiated on this subject in our remarks upon the alterations which we thought proper to make in the common cases.