of our articles were such as to show to the world that we worked for the great masses, not for the luxurious and privileged few.

In articles of utility and comfort, and for the advantage of the middling classes, who are the great producers of the world, as distinguished from the nobility and gentry, there was a very marked difference between the exhibition of our citizens and all the other countries. An English writer, in speaking of the difference between their contributions and those of continental nations, says: "In those productions that imply what would here be considered, and truly so, a waste of labor, the utility of the article bearing no proportion whatever to the time spent upon it, and which only shows the degradation of the countries in which they are produced, as indicating at once the almost senseless luxuriousness of the rich, who must be the purchasers, and the starvation wages which the citizens must be brought to before such articles could be produced at all; in these productions we are unquestionably surpassed."

These remarks apply with much more justice to the exhibition from this country, as compared with the continental and eastern exhibitors, and with a very considerable portion of the English exhibition also. There was nothing from this country to compete with those splendid articles, designed only to minister to human pride, which composed so large a portion of the exhibition; as an American I rejoiced that this was so; and it will be, in my opinion, a sad day for our country when articles of this character shall attain a preeminence here, over the useful and necessary, as they do in the Old World. The condition of the laboring classes who perform the work is far different from that of our own population, and I trust the day may never arrive when we shall substitute for the intelligent, free and virtuous population of our country, the ignorant, vicious and degraded operatives of the countries across the Atlantic.

Our exhibition was designed to show, as it did, that in this country "genius, industry and energy find no barriers to their

career.

The number of inventions exhibited which were calculated to reduce the cost of production in agriculture, manufactures and the mechanic arts, was in the highest degree creditable to us, and elicited from distinguished sources in Great Britain the admission that to "the department of American notions"" they owed "the most important contributions to their industrial system," and after the exhibition was closed, and its advantages to the English nation were being summed up, the following admission, in regard to our contribution, was made in their leading journal: "Great Britain has received more useful ideas, and more ingenious inventions from the United States, through the exhibition, than from all other sources.

What higher tribute could be paid to the character of our articles, as claimed by those who knew and appreciated their value, than this-especially from the admission, that "more useful ideas". were received through us than from all other sources. Thus showing what every unprejudiced mind must, we think, admit— the great advantages which our free and liberal institutions afford for the development of the powers of the human mind.

In the early part of the Exhibition, the U. S. Department was the subject of much invidious remark, and our contributions were. considered as far behind the times. Located in the buildings as we were, adjacent to France, Russia and Austria, there was indeed a striking difference in the appearance of the contributions from the different countries. While that from the United States was mainly of a character of utility in the Implement and Machinery department, and of the productions of the soil, the others consisted of the most costly articles, wrought with exquisite taste, silks, statuary, diamonds, jewelry, &c., which attracted the eye and called forth the warmest encomiums. During the first three weeks, while the admissions comprised only the wealthy classes, the United States Department was hastily passed over-a glance given, an inquiry made at the implements, a remark occasionally, "These may do for a new country, but would not answer in England-unless our mechanics have the altering of them, &c.," was the principal notice which was given them. In answer

to these remarks upon our implements-the reply was frequently given that no "English mechanic" would have the privilege of practising upon our implements, until they were tried, and we had the opportunity of showing what our implements could perform. It was not a very pleasant position, to be met with remarks similar to these, day after day for several weeks. As the jurors, however, began to make their examinations, and as exhibitors and others interested in the articles on exhibition were called upon to explain to intelligent and practical men, what were the properties claimed for our articles, more interest was manifested in our department.

AWARDS.

The whole number of Awards, Council and Prize medals, and Honorable Mentions was 5,084-of which the United Kingdom received 2,039; Foreign countries, 2,896; the United States, 159.

MACHINES, IMPLEMENTS, &c.-Classes 5 to 10.

METALLIC AND VITREOUS MANUFACTURES.-Classes 21 to 25.

The number of exhibitors in the U. S. Department was 599; prizes 159-being a fraction over one to every four, while in the United Kingdom the No. of exhibitors was about 9,086-prizes 2,039, or one to every 41 exhibitors. We have, in this, an evidence of the attention which was given by the Jurors to the articles on exhibition from this country, as well as an appreciation of their merit.

The number of Medals and Honorable Mentions which were awarded to exhibitors from this State was forty-four. A list of the articles, which were accepted by the local committee of this State, and approved by the central authority at Washington, aocompanies this report.

EXHIBITION.

In my remarks upon the various departments of the exhibition, my limits will only allow me to give a rapid, and very brief sketch, even of those articles that appear to me worthy of special notice. I shall, of course, pass by many, that to others may have appeared of more importance than those to which I may allude. I shall take up the various classes in the order in which they were awarded by the Juries. In the order of the Commissioners, the first department (A) was Raw Materials, divided into four classes B.-1852.

1st. Mining, &c., and Mineral products.

2d. Chemical and Pharmaceutical products.

3d. Substances used as Food.

4th. Vegetable and animal substances chiefly used as manufactures, as Implements, or for Ornaments.

Of the first of these classes, mining and mineral products, the exhibition from Great Britain, was of the highest interest, probably as perfect as any department of the exhibition, and far exceeded, in extent, the contributions from all the other countries. The annual value of the mineral products of Great Britain alone, is said to be, at this time, "independently of the cost of coinage or any manufacturing process, not less than twenty-five millions sterling;" nearly 125,000,000 dollars. The most important of the mineral products of this country is coal.

There are eleven principal coal fields in Great Britain, containing an area of 12,000 square miles-producing, annually, 32,000,000 tons, valued, at the place of consumption, at 18,000,000 sterling, equal to about 88,000,000 of dollars. Of these various deposits, there were samples exhibited, many of them of immense size. Models of several mines were exhibited, with the machinery for working and raising the coal, illustrating, fully, the whole process.

Coal was exhibited from Belgium, France, New Brunswick, India, New South Wales, New Zealand, Nova Scotia, Portugal, Spain, United States, Van Diemans Land, Zollverein. There was but a small exhibition from the United States. From Pennsylvania very fine samples of anthracite were shown, and several specimens of bitumenous coal.