January, 1559, all the Bishops voted in favour of the hereditary right of Elizabeth. Soame, vol. IV., p. 623.

(22) Page 153. A detail of the particulars relative to the votes and the alterations of the Bill, are in Soame, vol. IV., p. 624-628. The supremacy was considered as merely the re-establishment of the ancient, indubitable rights of the King.

(23) Page 153. Parliam. History, vol. I., p. 666. Collier, vol. II., p. 462. Andrews, vol. II., p. 494. A correspondence in the English language was carried on between Catholics and Protestants, respecting the Liturgy, and, in the end, the right of altering it was recognized, and the celebration of Divine Service in the Latin language was abolished. Soame, vol. IV., p. 643.

(24) Page 153. Neal, vol. I., p. 153. Rapin, vol. VI., p. 158. The Duke of Feria protected the expelled nuns and priests, and many went to Spain. Soame, vol. IV., p. 667. The Short Sketch, vol. I., p. 350, reckons that about one out of fifteen resigned.

(25) Page 154. But many Catholic priests indured long imprisonment, for perseveringly defending their church. Lingard, vol. VII., p. 498.

Dumont, vol.

(26) Page 155. Forbes, vol. I., p. 1-67. V., p. 1. Doc. 20–21. Rymer, vol. VI., p. 4–73–78. In the year 1567, Charles IX. refused to restore Calais, alleging that it was forfeited by the aid which had been afforded to French (rebellious) subjects. Elizabeth, on her part, complained of the assistance rendered to Scotland. The matter, however, did not seem to be worth a war. Keralio, vol. III.,

p. 16.

(27) Page 157. Turner's Elizabeth, p. 551. In his “First blast of the trumpet against the monstrous regimen of women," he compared Charles V. to Nero, and Mary of England to Jezabel. Mackenzie's Lives, vol. III., p. 115.

(28) Page 159. He had chosen his text from Matthew xxi.,' 12, 13, relative to the expulsion of the buyers and sellers from: the temple. Mackenzie's Lives, vol. III., p. 117. Spotswood, p. 121. Cook, vol. II., p. 78.

(29) Page 161. On the other hand the Protestants had pub-, lished a Convention, concluded in July with the Queen Regent, not correctly, but in an inaccurate manner, which was wrong in itself, and calculated to produce troubles. Cook, vol. II., p. 163. (30) Page 162. Divines from the Sorbonne, were also sent to Scotland. Londorp, vol. I., p. 28.

(31) Page 165. Burghley had already distinguished himself by the same comprehensive views under the reign of Edward VI. Nares, vol. 1., p. 401.

(32) Page 165. Forbes, vol. I., 387. According to Meteren, vol. XXIV., p. 529, Cecil was in favour of supporting the Scots, for which reason the war was afterwards called Guerre de Cecil. Lord Seton said to Throckmorton, "if your Queen does not interest herself for ours, and introduce order into our affairs, we shall fall to pieces and be wholly ruined." Hardwicke, vol. I., p. 150.

(33) Page 166. Burghley's State Papers, p. 243-282. Camden, p. 42-46. The secret Articles of the peace of

Cateau Cambresis. also threatened all Protestants.

(34) Page 167. In August, 1557, Lord Wharton writes: "The power of the French and Scots are so gret, and ner to Barwyk, that the weak power and inhabytants can not use the bounds to anny comodyté, wherby groweth gret hurt. The Scots nyghtly and dayly mayketh incursions, and prepared so to do, to distroye the howses and cornes. Their had been great damang don, wher by the bordors is muche wasted.” Lodge's Illus. vol. I., p. 251. These and many following passages prove that even under the reign of Mary Tudor, there was open war on the borders, between England and Scotland.

(35) Page 167. Nares, vol. II., p. 151, says justly: Not to.

provide against danger, not to foresee danger, not to be suspicious of neighbours, is the very acme of weakness in a Statesman: qui vult decipi, decipiatur. And Turner, Elizabeth, p. 356, says: "Unless Elizabeth had possessed the physical power of separating Scotland from her own realm, and transporting it to the Archipelago or the Pacific, she could not avoid a precautionary and preservative interposition."

(36) Page 169. Rapin, vol. VI., p. 182, gives the details. Lingard, vol. VII., p. 397, with reason rejects the wholly unfounded supposition of Whitaker and Chalmers, that the convention with Elizabeth was forged. Philip II. publicly exerted himself for the withdrawing of the English from Scotland, but secretly advised the contrary. Nares, vol. II., 153. Cecil and Wotton had successfully prosecuted and completed the negociations. Idem., vol. II., p. 175. "They say,-truly the obtaining of the conditions cost as muche travayle." vol. I., p. 330.

Lodge,

(37) Page 170. "The cessing of the arms was with great difficultie obtayned, says Cecil." Lodge, vol. I., p. 333.

(38) Page 170. Spotswood, p. 148. Cook's History of the Reform., vol. III., p. 326, App. 18, proves that the summoning of the Parliament was legal, through the assent of Mary and Francis to the peace, and the treaty of Berwick known to them before they gave unlimited full powers to their commissioners.

(39) Page 170. Printed in the acts of the Parliament of Scotland, vol. II., p. 526. He inculcates the duty of obedience to the Magistrates, but, at the same time, that cases may occur, (especially with respect to religion,) in which resistance is lawful. Cook's Reform., vol. II., p. 364.

(40) Page 171. Collier, p. 468. According to the Acts of Parliament, p. 585, corporal punishment at discretion was inflicted, even for the first offence.

(41) Page 172. Superintendants were, however, provisionally appointed, who ordained Clergymen, presided in the Assemblies

and maintained Church discipline. This arrangement was subsequently superseded.

(42) Page 173. Stuart Reform., p. 204. Roberts, vol. I., p. 260. Collier, vol. II., p. 470. The populace extended the resolution to all Churches, and over zealous preachers encouraged them to make the evil worse. The sacred vessels, the bells, and every thing that escaped the first destruction, was stolen or sold.

(43) Page 176. Elle avoit essuyé toutes sortes de mortifications. Melvil, vol. I., p. 93. Orleans Révolutions d'Angleterre, vol. VIII., p. 179.

(44) Page 179. Thuanus, book xxix., p. 1. It has been affirmed, but with greater reason denied, that Elizabeth intended to capture her. Cecil writes on the subject to Throckmorton: "The Queen's Majesty's Ships that were upon the seas to cleanse them from pirates, saw her, and saluted her galleys, and staying her ships, examined them of pirates and dismissed them gently. One Scottish ship they detained, as vehemently suspected of piracy. Hardwicke, vol. I., p. 176. Nares, vol. II., p. 200-210. vol. I., p. 176.

Miscellaneous State Papers,

(45) Page 182. Knox, p. 287. Stuart Reform., vol. I., p. 22-86. Knox considered the mass as the first, but sufficient indication of the return of Catholicism in all its parts; Murray, on the contrary, was for tolerating Mary's exercise of her religion. Guthrie, vol. VI., 568.

(46) Page 182. Collier, vol. II., p. 441-449. In the Lettres des Marie Stewart, à son Ambassador Glasco, en France. MSS. in the library of Aix near Marseilles, No. 105, quarto, we find that she was at that time on good terms with Elizabeth. She wrote at least to her Ambassador Glasgow in Paris, October 11th, 1564, "Randall has brought me the most polite letters in the world from Queen Elizabeth." On the 2d of November,

of the same year, she writes to him: "I have sent Melvil to

London to apologize to Elizabeth for some letters which I wrote to her, and which appeared to her too rude. She has taken in good part the explanation that was given."

(47) Page 183. Knox was the old papal Churchman, towering above the crown in Presbyterian garments, says Turner, p. 379.

(48) Page 186. Roberts, vol. III., p. 200. Lethington wrote on the 7th of October, 1561, to Cecil: "If Mary's hereditary right had not been called in question, a confirmation of it would have been less necessary. I fear Mary could rather be content to hazard all (soche is her couraige,) than receive that dishonour to forgo her ryght." This threat certainly did not produce more readiness to grant concessions. Haynes, p. 379.

(49) Page 188. The two Queens wished for an interview, though from different motives; but the English Privy Council and Mary's uncles were against it, and as the differences with France became more and more serious, the idea was entirely given up. Camden, p. 75.

(50) Page 189. Frances, Catharine's younger sister, married a person of inferior rank, which weakened the claims of the Suffolk line. Hallam, vol. III., p. 173-175.

(51) Page 190. Camden, p. 68. Her council declared unanimously against receiving a Legate.

(52) Page 191. In June, 1564, according to Granvella's papers, there was a plan in contemplation to dethrone Elizabeth by the assistance of the Scotch. Memoires de Granvella, vol. VI., p. 166.

(53) Page 192. Particulars respecting the person of the Archduke are in Lodge's Illus., vol. I., p. 365–374. Pictures representing Erich and Elizabeth, on one print, were not to be sold. Hayne's State Papers, p. 368. Tegel Konung Erics Historia, p. 56. In the Acts of the Parliament of Scotland,