fectually served him, when, in 1799, he changed the form of government; for, entering at the head of 60 grenadiers the hall at St. Cloud, where the council of 500 were assembled, he said, "Let the good citizens retire, the council of 500 is dissolved." The command of the posts of the council of 500 was at first confided to him, and in December that of the consular guard. At the end of the month Bonaparte drew the bonds which united them still closer by giving him his sister in marriage, and afterwards employing him as one of his lieutenants in the army of reserve, the advanced guard of which he commanded. On the 27th of May, 1800, he entered Verceil by main force, crossed the Sesia two days after, went to Novarro, and took post along the right bank of the Tessino. On the 2d of June he entered Milan, and surrounded the citadel; on the 6th he passed the Po at Nocette, and on the 8th took possession of Placentia, with the immense magazines of the enemy. On the 6th of July government presented him with a sabre of honour as a particular mark of the satisfaction he gave the French people. The year following he was commander in chief of the army of observation, and in February he and the chevalier Micheroux signed an armistice at Soligno, between the French republic and the king of the Two Sicilies. After the definitive treaty of peace he addressed a proclamation to the refugees, to inform them that the pacification gave them the power and the right to return home. He then governed the Cisalpine republic under the title of general, and went to the consulta of Lyons, after which, in February, 1802, he installed the new authorities at Milan. Towards the latter end of 1801, the provisory government of that republic offered him a magnificent sabre, which he refused, saying, that the wants of the army were most urgent, and desiring that the value of this present might be expended in supplies for them. In November, 1803, after his return to Paris, he went to preside in the electoral college of the department of Lot, where he was born, and soon after became a member of the legislative body. In January, 1803, he was appointed governor of Paris, with the rank and honours of commander in chief, and in May following, marshal of the empire. On the 1st of February, 1805, he was, as high admiral, raised to the dignity of a prince, and afterwards honoured with the order of Prussia and Bavaria. When hostilities broke out afresh with Austria, he crossed the Rhine at Kehl, on the 25th of September, with the reserve cavalry, remained posted several days before the outlets of the Black Forest, and went to Ba varia, where, when Ulm was taken and Mack defeated, he, with the utmost activity, pursued the Austrian troops who were endeavouring to retire into Bohemia through Franconia, under the orders of the archduke Ferdinand and general Werneck. He compelled the forces of the latter to lay down their arms, continued to advance with the same rapidity, arrived among the first on the road to Vienna, first established his head-quarters at the abbey of Mælk, whence he marched to St. Polten; made his entrance into Vienna on the 11th VOL. VII. 3 P

of November, and took possession of duke Albert's house; afterwards defeated the Russians at Hollabrünn; again distinguished himself at the battle of Juttersdorff, where he took 2,000 prisoners, seized Brünn on the 18th of November, and having enclosed Kutusow granted him a capitulation, which was not ratified by the emperor Napoleon. The prince, Murat, afterwards contributed greatly to the victory at Austerlitz, and in January, 1801, when this brilliant campaign was ended, returned to the metropolis.

LIFE OF NEY,

THE DUKE OF ELCHINGEN, NOW IN SPAIN.

NEY, marshal of the empire, grand officer and chief of the 7th cohort in the legion of honour, knight of the Portuguese order of Christ, &c. &c., was born in 1769 at Sarre Louis, entered very young into the colonel-general's Hussar regiment, and passed rapidly through all the subaltern ranks till he attained to that of adjutant-general, which was conferred on him by Kleber, in 1794. Under the command of this general, to whom he attached himself, he acquired that reputation for valour and talent, which so many splendid achievements have since increased. In 1796, while yet but an adjutant-general, he belonged to the army of Sambre and Meuse, where he displayed the greatest daring, and no inconsiderable degree of talent, particularly on the 4th of June, at the battle of Altenkirchen; likewise on the 9th of July at Obermersch, on the 26th at Wurzbourg, which he entered with general Championnet, and on the 8th of August at Forcheim. In that month, after a glorious engagement on the Rednitz, he was promoted to the rank of briga dier-general on the field of battle, after which he took possession of the fortress of Rothembourg. In the beginning of April, 1797, he powerfully contributed to the victory gained near Neuwied over the Austrians, whom he charged at the head of the French cavalry; on the 16th, after a very warm contest, he dislodged the enemy from Diersdorff; on the 20th his horse sunk under him near Giessen, when he was exposing himself like a common soldier to save a piece of flying artillery, he was taken prisoner by the Austrians, but soon released on his promise not to serve till he should be exchanged. On the 4th of September, 1797, he declared vehemently against the Clichien party, which then had the ascendency in the councils, was raised in 1798 to the rank of general of division, and served as such in 1799 in the army of the Rhine. In October he defeated a body of Austrians at Frankfort, crossed first the Meine, and afterwards the Necker, seized on Manheim, and thus effected a diversion which was a principal cause of the victory at Zurich, as it forced prince Charles to send strong detachments to cover his right wing, which was threatened. In 1801 he distinguished himself at Kilmuntz, Ingolstadt, and Hohenlinden, under the command of general Moreau. In July, 1802, the first consul presented him with a splendid Egyptian sabre, and in

bi

This

October following appointed him envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the Helvetic republic. On the 25th, general Ney had an audience of the senate at Berne, whom he assured of the protection he was authorized by his government to promise them, and then gave general Bachmann orders to disband his troops, warning him that if it were not done before the 1st of November, he would lead the French troops against him. This threat was followed by an order to disarm the Swiss, and the confederate forces being soon dispersed, the chiefs were arrested, and the general received deputies from all parts of Switzerland, who were charged to declare their submission to France. He then busied himself in arranging the government as his instructions specified, till he was recalled in October, 1803, to take the command of the army at Compeigne, which he quitted for the camp at Boulogne. On the accession of Napoleon Bonaparte to the imperial throne, he was raised to the dignity of marshal of the empire, and in September, 1804, appointed grand officer and chief of the 7th cohort in the legion of honour. On the 1st of February, 1805, the red ribbon was conferred on him, and he was shortly after created knight of the Portuguese order of Christ. When war with Austria broke out afresh in September, 1805, he was one of the first generals who crossed the Rhine, and contributed to the successes which began this campaign. After the capitulation of Ulm, he was despatched with a body of 30,000 men to the right of the grand army, and drove the archduke John from the Tyrol; after having seized on the forts of Scharnitz and Neuslarck, he entered Inspruck and Hall, where he found immense magazines, then still pursuing the archduke John, he defeated his rear-guard on the 17th of November at the foot of Mount Brenner, and after the peace of Presburg, marched his troops into Upper Swabia. Marshal Ney married the daughter of M. Auguie, the postmaster.

LIFE OF SOULT,

THE PRESENT DUKE OF DALMATIA.

SOULT, a French marshal of the empire, served, under the old government, as a subaltern officer in a regiment of infantry. In the beginning of the revolution he enlisted in a battalion of volunteers of the Haut Rhin, and became their adjutant-major, after which he went as adjutant to the staff of the Moselle army. Being appointed adjutant-general, he, as chief of the staff of general Lefévre's division, made the campaigns of 1794 and 1795, in the armies of the Moselle, and of Sambre and Meuse; in 1796 he was appointed general of brigade, then went into Italy, made the campaign of 1799, with distinction, in that country, where he was shut up in Genoa with general Massena. The proofs of talent and courage that he gave on various occasions, gained him in a very particular manner the attention and favour of the government. He afterwards became one of the generals who commanded the

infantry of the consul's guard, accompanied the first consul to Brussels in 1803, was appointed commander of the camp of St. Omer, then marshal of France after the accession of the first consul to the imperial throne. In September, 1804, be obtained the fourth cohort of the legion of honour, was decorated with the red ribbon on the 1st of February, 1805, and created a knight of the order of St. Hubert of Bavaria in the month of May in the same year. It was he who, when commanding at Boulogne in the beginning of 1805, announced to the government that the English had just thrown on shore balls of cotton infected with the plague, in order to spread that scourge in France. On the recommencement of hostilities with Austria in September, he commanded one of the divisions of the great army; passed the Rhine at Spires on the 26th of October; fell upon Heilbron, then penetrated into Suabia, and seized on Memmingen, which was so shamefully surrendered to him without the least resistance by general Spangen; this contributed greatly to the capitulation of Ulm. In November marshal Soult put the enemy's right wing to flight, and contributed, by his manœuvres, to the success of the bat tle of Juntersdorff. In February, 1806, he was in prince Joseph's army, which took possession of Naples.

GENERAL SUCHET

COMMANDS AT PRESENT IN SPAIN.

SUCHET, (L. G.), a French general, born at Lyon, was at first chief of the 4th battalion of Ardèche, and distinguished himself at the head of that corps at the siege of Toulon in 1793: on the 20th of September he took prisoner the English commander in chief, O'Hara. The next year his battalion took three standards from the Austrians at Loano. On the 7th Fructidor, year four, he was dangerously wounded, and confined to his bed for several months; he then rejoined the 18th demi-brigade, and with it made the bril liant campaign which occasioned the treaty of Campo-Formio. He was again wounded at Tarvis, and a third time at Nusmack in Upper Stiria, where he was nominated chief of brigade by general Bonaparte on the field of battle. In 1798 he served in the army which the directory sent into Switzerland under the orders of Brune, and he was commissioned to present to the govern ment the colours taken from the enemy. He was then promoted to the rank of general of brigade, and in that capacity rejoined the army of Italy, the command of which had been given to Brune. This general made him chief of his staff, a station which he retained under general Joubert. Piémont was a source of great apprehensions respecting the rear of the army; Joubert resolved to occupy it, and general Suchet contrived the expedition. The country was invaded, and the Sardinian army defeated before the court had thought of resistance. Some time after general Suchet received orders to join the army of Switzerland, and he was detached into the Grisons, where he remain

ed for six days separated from the whole army; he nevertheless defended his posts of Davos, Bergen, and Spugen, and rejoined the army, retiring by the sources of the Rhine on St. Gothard, without suffering his ranks to be broken. After the disasters of Schérer's campaign, Joubert returned to take the command of the army of Italy, and obtained for general Suchet the rank of general of division, and sent for him to commit his general staff to him. The battle of Novi followed close upon the arrival of Joubert, who received in it the fatal blow which deprived France of one of her most able defenders, and Suchet of his best friend. He continued to direct the general staff under Moreau and Championnet, who succeeded each other in the command. After the 18th Brumaire, year 8, (9th of November, 1799,) Massena was sent into Italy, and Suchet was appointed by the first consul his lieutenant-general. The command of the centre was conferred on him, and, at the head of that weak body, he defended the entrance of the bridge of Var, before which failed the efforts of Mélas, and his lieutenant Elnitz. In the various battles which general Suchet fought at that time, he took from the Austrians 11,200 prisoners, 33 pieces of artillery, and 6 standards. By this defence he saved the south of France from an invasion, and the diversion he operated was very useful to the army of reserve which was crossing the Alps under the command of the first consul. In 1801 general Bonaparte opened the campaign in Italy, and lieutenant-general Suchet commanded the centre. He passed the Mincio with the main body of general Dupont, and defeated the count de Bellegarde at Puzzoli; the Austrians lost 8,000 men. After the treaty of Lunéville he was made inspector-general of the infantry. In 1802 and 1803 he inspected various departments in the south and west. On the 4th Brumaire, year 12, the emperor gave him the command of a division of the camp of Boulogne. He was made grand officer of the legion of honour, and, soon after, governor of the imperial palace of Lacken, near Brussels. Towards the end of 1805 general Suchet was employed in the great army of Germany, and his division distinguished itself at Ulm, Hollabrunn, and especially Austerlitz, where it formed a part of that left wing which divided the enemy, and, according to the expression of the 30th bulletin, marched in rows, by regiments, as if exercising. He obtained the grand ribbon of the legion of honour on the 8th of February, 1806.

LEVITY.

ORIGINAL ANECDOTE.

THE following jeu de mots was lately made by an American at St. Petersburgh. On all the public buildings, and the uniform of the guards, in France, the letter N, the initial of the French